Association between Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures and Age,Bone Mineral Density,and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions in Korean Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Observational Study

BackgroudThe purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) in Korean postmenopausal women and the association between OVCFs and clinical factors such as age, bone mineral density (BMD), and quality of life.MethodsAccording to the population distribution in four regions in Korea, 1,281 postmenopausal female patients were recruited from nationwide orthopedic outpatient clinics. Radiologic, asymptomatic, and within 3 months of OVCF groups were analyzed based on age, fracture location, and prevalence according to BMD. In addition, BMD, T-score, body mass index, and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) were investigated in the three groups, and the differences between groups were compared and analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of radiologic OVCFs at the T11–L1 was 3.7 times higher in the 70s group (44.0%) than in the 50s group (11.9%). Femur and total hip BMD were significantly lower in patients with thoracolumbar junction fractures than in patients with L2–5 fractures, whereas no difference was observed in lumbar spine BMD. Of the three OVCF groups, the within 3 months of OVCF group had the lowest lumbar spine T-score of −2.445. The asymptomatic OVCF group also showed significantly lower lumbar spine T-score than did the group without radiologic OVCFs (p < 0.001). The EQ-5D showed a significant decrease in the radiologic OVCF group (p < 0.001) and within 3 months of OVCF group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of OVCFs in the thoracolumbar junction rapidly increases with old age and low BMD in Korean postmenopausal women. Femur and total hip BMD are more predictive of thoracolumbar junction fractures than lumbar spine BMD. Patients with radiologic OVCFs had a significantly lower quality of life than no OVCF group. Therefore, this study shows it is important to treat and prevent osteoporosis before an OVCF occurs.     

Design Characteristics for the Tissue Engineering of Cartilaginous Tissues

Tissues like the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc and the knee meniscus are often mistakenly viewed as a tantamount to hyaline cartilage, largely due to the absence of a comprehensive understanding of the distinguishing properties of cartilaginous tissues. Because of this confusion, fibrocartilaginous tissue engineering attempts may not be based on suitable experimental designs. Fibrocartilaginous tissues are markedly different than hyaline cartilage; however, the dearth of knowledge related to their cellular and biochemical composition, as well as their biomechanical characteristics, is stunning. Hyaline articular cartilage is exclusively composed of chondrocytes that produce primarily type II collagen, whereas the TMJ disc and the knee meniscus have a mixed cell population of fibroblasts and cells similar to chondrocytes, which predominantly secrete type I collagen. Additionally, fibrocartilaginous tissues have a low glycosaminoglycan content, a low compressive modulus, and a high tensile modulus when compared to hyaline cartilage. Therefore, it is crucial for fibrocartilaginous tissue engineering attempts to be tissue-specific, utilizing the knowledge of the distinct and unique properties of these tissues. At the same time, advances and insights related to the science and engineering aspect of hyaline cartilage regeneration must be carefully considered for the in vitro engineering of fibrocartilaginous tissues.     

一种心电数据压缩算法的研究

利用心电信号的相关性，对ECG进行预处理，再进行差值运算，将得到的差值序列进行DCT变换，从而实现心电数据的压缩。     

胫骨外侧钢板治疗胫骨开放性骨折

目的:推荐使用胫骨外侧钢板。方法:将107例Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°开放性胫骨骨折随机分组,分别采用胫骨外侧钢板和普通加压钢板治疗,随诊1年～2.5年,比较两组术后功能和感染发生率。结果:发现两组功能评价无显著差异,但胫骨外侧钢板组感染发生率及骨髓炎发生率均明显低于普通加压钢板组(P<0.05)。结论:胫骨外侧钢板能明显降低开放性胫骨骨折的感染率和骨髓炎发生率,值得推荐。     

Drug release from reservoir pellets compacted with some excipients of different physical properties

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the size and the porosity of excipient microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles on the densification and the deformation during compaction and the consequent effect on the drug release from reservoir pellets. Drug pellets consisting of salicylic acid and microcrystalline cellulose were prepared by extrusion-spheronisation and spray-coated with ethyl cellulose (ethanol solution). Excipient pellets of different size and porosity were prepared by extrusion-spheronisation or direct spheronisation. Five binary mixtures of reservoir pellets and excipient particles were prepared in the proportion 1:7 and lubricated. After compaction the reservoir pellets were retrieved and analysed to determine the intragranular porosity, surface area, shape and drug release. The reservoir pellets were shown to undergo extensive deformation and densification during compaction, resulting in a preserved or even prolonged drug release time. The mode of deformation of the reservoir pellets seems to be critical for the compression-induced change in drug release. Formation of large indents has a negative effect on the release time, while the use of small particles or small deformable agglomerates has a protective effect. We also hypothesize that the coating structure changes during compaction and the final structure of the coating is the net effect of two parallel processes, one reducing and one prolonging the drug transport time across the coating.     

Imaging of compressive vertebral haemangiomas

Compressive vertebral haemangiomas (VHs) are rare. Correct preoperative diagnosis is useful both for operative planning (since compressive VHs are extremely vascular lesions) and to allow preoperative embolisation. Numerous radiological signs for VHs have been described, but compressive VHs frequently have atypical features. In particular, magnetic resonance features are not well established. We present imaging features in three cases of compressive VH and review the imaging findings in an additional 106 previously published cases. Findings were typical in 52 of 80 plain film (65 %), 33 of 41 computed tomography (80 %) and 13 of 25 magnetic resonance examinations (52 %). The prevalence of previously described imaging features is reported. Awareness of the range of magnetic resonance features is important since this is frequently the initial investigation in patients presenting with symptoms of neural compression. Since computed tomography is typical in 80 % of cases, this is a useful confirmatory test if magnetic resonance features are suspicious but not diagnostic of compressive VH. Received: 6 August 1999; Revised: 4 November 1999; Accepted: 4 November 1999     

血凝酶不同给药方法用于脊柱手术止血的效果

目的 :观察血凝酶在脊柱外科手术中局部和静脉 2种给药方法的止血效果。方法 :椎管减压、腰椎间盘摘除术病人 90例 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 30例 ,3组病人手术指征及麻醉方法选择相同。合用组术前 15min血凝酶 1单位静脉注射 (静注 )、术中2单位稀释后在出血部位局部喷洒 ;静脉组术前 15min血凝酶 1单位静注 ,术中 2单位静脉滴注 ;对照组不应用任何止血药物。观察 3组病人术中出血量、浓缩红细胞输入量和生命体征。结果 :同对照组比较 ,合用组和静脉组术中出血量、浓缩红细胞输入量均明显减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,合用组又少于静脉组 ,(6 89±s 15 0 )mLvs (80 3± 186 )mL ,P <0 .0 5 ,(2 .3± 0 .3)Uvs(2 .7± 0 .5 )U ,P <0 .0 1。 3组病人术中 2h血压、心率、呼吸和动脉血氧饱和度比较 ,无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :血凝酶在脊柱外科中可明显减少手术过程中的出血量 ,同时减少浓缩红细胞输入量 ,局部喷洒同静脉共同应用效果更加显著。     

自膨式聚氨酯泡沫在致命性出血模型中的应用

目的:在致死性肝创伤大出血动物模型中评价自膨式聚氨酯泡沫（self-expanding polyurethane polymer,SPUP）的止血效果。方法:建立猪致死性肝创伤大出血模型,进行损伤控制性液体复苏,致伤后30 min将实验动物随机（随机数字法）分为纱布填塞组（gauze packing group,GP）...     

茜草饮片炒炭前后止血机制的比较

目的:探讨茜草及茜草炭止血作用机制。方法:比较茜草和茜草炭对小鼠凝血时间、出血时间、血小板计数、毛细血管通透性、肝素和华发林所致病理性出血模型以及大鼠凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的影响。结果:茜草和茜草炭均能抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性,均能明显缩短大鼠TT、PT、APTT,但茜草炭作用强于茜草。茜草大小剂量和茜草炭饮片大剂量能提高小鼠血小板计数,明显对抗肝素及华发林的出血作用,茜草作用强于茜草炭。结论:茜草主要通过提高血小板计数,对抗肝素及华发林的出血来发挥止血作用;茜草炭主要通过抑制毛细血管通透性,缩短TT、PT、APTT来发挥止血作用;茜草和茜草炭的止血作用机制不同。