2021年四川省栽培中药材统计分析

目的:统计2021年四川省中药材栽培面积与产量。方法:利用统计学方法与相关分析方法,对2021年四川省中药材栽培情况及栽培中药材的种类、面积、产量、加工量等进行统计分析。结果:汇总四川省150个县区的统计数据,2021年全省栽培中药材品种208个,在地面积470.04万亩(1亩≈666.67 m^(2)),年度新增面积56.44万亩,产量为56.82万t,加工产量5410 t。结论:各地区中药材栽培与初加工产业发展不均衡,川东北地区发展较快,栽培中药材的种类多、产量大,初加工量也较大。     

老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系的构建

目的应用德尔菲法建立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系,为针对性提高慢性病的综合管理效果提供依据。方法基于前期课题组建立的老年人健康评估量表的框架,通过文献研究,结合心血管病患者特点,初步确立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。选取专业相关领域的22位专家,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询,根据咨询结果及专家意见调整指标体系。使用SPSS 20.0软件计算各指标的重要性、可操作性和敏感性评分,并应用Yaahp10.0层次分析软件计算各指标权重。结果本研究中完成两轮咨询的专家共20位,两轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为90.9%和100%;两轮咨询专家总平均权威系数分别为0.808及0.856;第1轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.260、0.218和0.231,第2轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.345、0.377和0.405,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过两轮专家咨询后最终建立包含5个一级指标、25个二级指标、37个三级指标的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。结论通过德尔菲法构建的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系可靠、客观,可用于老年心血管病患者综合健康评估,有助于对慢性病患者进行精准化健康管理。     

产前综合监护在诊断胎儿窘迫中的作用

应用多种监护仪器对胎儿进行综合监护，结果得出；姓高征、脐带异常、羊水过少、过期妊娠是发生胎儿窘迫的主要原因。因胎儿窘迫所致新生儿窒息率为71．65％．而胎儿窘迫与孕妇年龄及新生儿体重无关。及时发现并对胎儿窘迫采取干预措施，是降低围产儿死亡率的关键。     

A more realistic approach to the cumulative pregnancy rate after in-vitro fertilization

As most studies overestimate the cumulative pregnancy rate,a method is proposed to estimate a more realistic cumulativepregnancy rate by taking into account the reasons for an earlycessation of treatment with in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Threemethods for calculating cumulative pregnancy rates were compared.The first method assumed that those who stopped treatment hadno chance at all of pregnancy. The second method, the one usedmost often, assumed the same probability of pregnancy for thosewho stopped as for those who continued. The third method assumedthat only those who stopped treatment, because of a medicalindication, had no chance at all of pregnancy and that the otherswho stopped had the same probability of pregnancy as those whocontinued treatment Data were used from 616 women treated atthe University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.The cumulative pregnancy rates after five initiated IVF cyclesfor the three calculation methods were in the ranges 37–51%for the positive pregnancy test result, 33–55% for a clinicalpregnancy and 30–56% for an ongoing pregnancy. As expected,the first method underestimated the cumulative pregnancy rateand the second overestimated it The third method produced themost realistic cumulative pregnancy rates.     

急性肾功能衰竭伴多器官功能障碍的诊治

目的：进一步提高急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）伴多器官功能障碍（ＭＯＤＳ）的诊治水平。方法：本文总结了１０年来２６例病人不同时期的不同诊治经过,进一步证实了连续性肾脏替代治疗这种新技术已发挥其独特的作用。结果：ＡＲＦ伴ＭＯＤＳ２６例,临床治愈２４例,占９２．３％,死亡２例占７．７％。结论：ＡＲＦ伴ＭＯＤＳ的诊治要针对原发病进行有效的治疗,还须调控过度的炎症反应及异常的免疫反应,积极治疗内毒素血症,强调了治疗上必须统筹兼顾。     

无锡市德国小蠊抗性监测及防制措施研究

目的 对无锡市德国小蠊的抗性和抗性消退研究;探讨进行综合防制的措施。方法 抗性和抗性消退测定采用药膜接触法。结果 无锡市德国小蠊对高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏已产生较高程度的抗性,对残杀威、溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯敏感性亦有所减弱;拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性消退速度较有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂抗性消退速度快;采用堵洞抹缝、清除垃圾等环境治理措施,选择合理的杀虫用药及剂型进行杀灭和巩固,可基本控制德国小蠊的侵害和孳生。结果 无锡市德国小蠊对某些杀虫剂抗性已较高,应注意合理选择杀虫剂,交替用药、混配用药;选择合理的用药及剂型进行化学防治辅以彻底的环境治理措施是对德国小蠊进行综合防制的关键。     

综合治疗对脑梗塞相关危险因素的影响

目的　探讨综合治疗对脑梗塞复发的相关危险因素的影响。方法　随机选择85 例脑梗塞伴各类危险因素患者在综合治疗前后,对他们进行血压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯及血液流变学等8 项指标的测定。结果　经过1 ～3 年临床观察随访,有50 % 以上高血糖、高血脂、高粘滞血症患者检验指标趋于正常,94 .3 % 的高血压得到控制与稳定,经t 检验,血液流变学4 项P 值< 0 .05 ,差异有显著意义,高血压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯的P 值< 0 .01 ,差异有非常显著意义。结论　综合治疗对控制相关危险因素,预防脑梗塞复发有重要临床意义     

Public health services in Bangladesh with special reference to systems and trends of vital statistics

Health is one of the basic requirements for improvement in the quality of life. Since Bangladesh became independent, a policy for providing essential minimum health care to all has been actively pursued. An overview of Public Health Services in Bangladesh is presented in terms of: (1) a profile of the country, (2) an overview of public health, (3) medical care, and (4) environmental health. Under each of these headings observations are included on recent trends based upon relevant data and information. Finally the authors describe the importance of (1) promotion of health care and planning at the national, divisional, local, and community levels, (2) promotion of medical services at all levels, and (3) effective decentralization of health services to enhance the services of health facilities.     

Prospective feasibility study of a mindfulness-based program for breast cancer patients in the southeastern US

BackgroundMindfulness interventions can improve psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivors. Few mindfulness programs for cancer recovery exist in Southeastern U.S. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for breast cancer patients in Birmingham, Alabama. The secondary objective was to explore potential program effects on mindfulness skills and QoL.MethodsThis study was a prospective, quasi-experimental feasibility study conducted over 10 months at a university hospital. Feasibility was achieved if 80% of eligible patients screened enrolled in the study and 70% of enrolled patients attended all 8 program sessions. Effectiveness was estimated by changes in mindfulness and QoL indicators measured with validated scales administered at 3 time points and assessed with a non-parametric Friedman test. Sessions included meditation, yoga, and an attention practice called body scan. There were 3 groups of 2–5 patients.ResultsThe sample totaled 12 patients. Forty-four percent (12/27) of eligible patients enrolled in the study, and two out of 12 enrolled patients completed 8 program sessions, resulting in 16.7% (2/12) retention. However, more than half (66.7%) of participants completed at least 7 sessions. Between baseline and 8-week follow-up, patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in distress, general wellbeing, and fatigue-related QoL.ConclusionsFeasibility objectives were not achieved. However, a majority of participants (66.7%) completed 7 of 8 program sessions. Program effects were promising for distress, fatigue, and wellbeing. Results warrant further research on MBSR-like programs for breast cancer patients in Alabama.     

Trends in oral cancer mortality in Japan: 1950-1993

OBJECTIVES: To investigate trends in mortality rates of oral cancer patients in Japan between 1950 and 1993 by sex, age and cancer site, and compare the results with previous studies to determine whether there are any common characteristics of oral cancer patterns between Japan and European countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mortality data obtained from the Japanese Vital Statistics were analyzed using the 5-year moving average method, and the mortality rates were adjusted to the 1990 world population by age and sex. Age-specific mortality rates were analyzed by birth cohort. RESULTS: The age-standardized mortality rates among the males increased from 1.14 per 100,000 person--years in 1952 to 1.84 in 1991, whereas the corresponding rate among females changed little over the same period. Cancer of the tongue was the most common cause of death in Japan among the five studied oral regions: lip, tongue, floor of the mouth, major salivary glands and oropharynx, males aged under 54 born in 1920 or later were found to have an increased risk of such disease. CONCLUSION: Further epidemiological investigations are necessary to clarify the etiology of oral cancer in Japan.