临沧口岸入境人员艾滋病监测情况分析

目的通过对3126名临沧口岸入境人员艾滋病抗体结果分析,深入了解临沧口岸入境人员艾滋病病毒(人类免疫缺陷病毒HIV)感染情况,为口岸艾滋病监测、防控工作提供有力科学依据。方法采用人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV1/2)抗体诊断试剂盒进行初筛;或者用雅培层析快速法试剂条进行初筛[1];以蛋白印迹法进行确认。结果中国籍人员检出率为0.64%,外国籍人员检出率为2.16%,感染者以20～39岁青壮年为主;感染途径以不洁性行为为主。结论临沧口岸HIV传入的危险性较大,出入境检验检疫机构应积极进行HIV的监测和防治工作。     

Behavioral Health Risk Factors and Motivation to Change among Cardiovascular General Hospital Patients Aged 50 to 79 Years

Little is known about the (co-)occurrence of smoking, alcohol at-risk drinking, physical inactivity and overweight, and the motivation to change these behavioral health risk factors (HRFs) in older general hospital patients with cardiovascular disease. Between October and December 2016, all consecutively admitted patients aged 50 to 79 years were proactively recruited on 3 cardiology wards and asked to participate in a survey on HRFs and behavior change motivation. Of the eligible patients, 80.4% participated in the survey (n = 328). The mean age was 66.5 years (standard deviation 9.0), and 65.5% were male. At least 1 HRF was present in 91.8% (n = 280), at least 2 HRFs in 54.4% (n = 166), and 3 or 4 HRFs in 12.1% (n = 37) of participants. The proportion of older adults who contemplated or were changing or planning to change their behavior to meet health behavior recommendations ranged between 66.0% (smoking) and 93.2% (alcohol consumption). The results indicate a notable co-occurrence of behavioral HRFs in older patients with cardiovascular disease. The majority of older adults were at least considering changing the respective behavior. To prevent and treat diseases efficiently, hospitalization may be a suitable moment for systematic multiple HRF screening and intervention.     

高龄患者麻醉中瑞芬太尼和芬太尼的比较分析

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼和芬太尼在高龄手术患者麻醉中的应用效果.方法 选择56例高龄手术患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组28例.记录术中不同时间点的心率、血压,记录术后拔管、意识恢复、自主呼吸恢复时间.所获数据采用方差分析t检验.结果 麻醉后两组患者的血压、心率较诱导前明显下降（P＜0.05）;插管和切皮时实验组血压、心率明显低于对照组,（P＜0.05）具有统计学意义;术后拔管、意识恢复、自主呼吸恢复时间均明显低于对照组,（P＜0.05）具有显著性差异.结论 瑞芬太尼比芬太尼更适合高龄患者的麻醉要求.     

康复科护理人员对残疾人态度、工作成就感与人性化护理能力的关系

目的 了解康复科护理人员人性化护理能力的现状,并探讨其与对残疾人的态度和工作成就感间的关系。方法 2020年12月至2021年3月,便利抽取锦州市、盘锦市、营口市和抚顺市8所综合性三甲医院的196例康复科护理人员,采用医护人员对残疾人态度量表、工作成就感量表、护士人性化护理能力量表进行调查。结果 康复科护理人员人性化护理能力总分为(73.39±10.75),总条目均分(3.86±0.57);康复科护理人员人性化护理能力与对残疾人态度和工作成就感均呈正相关(r=0.208～0.774, P <0.01);工作成就感在康复科护理人员对残疾人态度和人性化护理能力间起部分中介作用,中介效应为0.420,占总效应的52.83%。结论 康复科护理人员人性化护理能力较差。对残疾人态度越好,工作成就感越高,人性化护理能力会越强。康复科护理人员对残疾人态度不仅可以直接作用于人性化护理能力,也可以通过工作成就感间接影响人性化护理能力。     

中青年脱发需治肝

根据邓中甲教授对中青年脱发的认识和治疗经验,结合历代医家的论述,认为其发病机理主要是肝气郁滞,痰湿内阻导致气血运行不畅,头发失于濡养。采用疏肝解郁,清化痰湿的治疗方法可取得满意的疗效。     

Prognostic factors in the elderly: a profile and outcomes study of a community palliative care service

Our ageing population creates challenges for palliative care, including accuracy of prognostication. This study highlights this by profiling the outcomes of an Australian, community‐based palliative service over 6 months with collection of epidemiological, comorbidity and physical function data. Most patients had cancer, comorbidities and died during the study. Low scores on the Australian‐modified Karnofsky Performance Scale and the presence of congestive cardiac failure were predictive of shorter survival.     

Do bonding and bridging social capital affect self-rated health,depressive mood and cognitive decline in older Japanese? A prospective cohort study

Little is known regarding the longitudinal effects of bonding and bridging social capital on health. This study examined the longitudinal associations of bonding and bridging social capital with self-rated health, depressive mood, and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese. Data analyzed in this study were from the 2010 (baseline) and 2012 (follow-up) Hatoyama Cohort Study. Bonding social capital was assessed by individual perception of homogeneity of the neighborhood (the level of homogeneity among neighbors) and of networks (the amount of homogeneous personal networks) in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Bridging social capital was assessed by individual perception of heterogeneity of networks (the amount of heterogeneous personal networks) in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the effects of baseline social capital on poor health outcome at follow-up by logistic regression analysis. In total, 681 people completed baseline and follow-up surveys. The mean age of participants was 71.8 ± 5.1 years, and 57.9% were male. After adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidity, functional capacity, baseline score of each outcome, and other bonding/bridging social capital, stronger perceived neighborhood homogeneity was inversely associated with poor self-rated health (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30–1.00) and depressive mood assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.34–0.99). When participants who reported a depressive mood at baseline were excluded, stronger perceived heterogeneous network was inversely associated with depressive mood (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19–0.87). Neither bonding nor bridging social capital was significantly associated with cognitive decline assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. In conclusion, bonding and bridging social capital affect health in different ways, but they both have beneficial effects on the health of older Japanese. Our findings suggest that intervention focusing on bonding and bridging social capital may improve various health outcomes in old age.     

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