Exploring the experiences of EU qualified doctors working in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study

This qualitative study of 23 doctors from other EU member states working in the UK highlights that, contrary to media reports, doctors from other member states working in the UK were well prepared and their main motivation to migrate was to learn new skills and experience a new health care system. Interviewees highlighted some aspects of their employment that work well and others that need improving. Some interviewees reported initially having language problems, but most noted that this was resolved after a few months. These doctors overwhelmingly reported having very positive experiences with patients, enjoying a NHS structure that was less hierarchical structure than in their home systems, and appreciating the emphasis on evidence-based medicine. Interviewees mostly complained about the lack of cleanliness of hospitals and gave some examples of risk to patient safety. Interviewees did not experience discrimination other than some instances of patronising and snobbish behaviour. However, a few believed that their nationality was a block to achieving senior positions. Overall, interviewees reported having enjoyable experiences with patients and appreciating what the NHS had to offer.     

慢性心力衰竭患者的社区护理管理

为了探讨更符合慢性心衰患者需要的管理模式,帮助患者控制症状,减少再入院率和死亡率,减轻医疗负担,本文就目前可及的资源状态下发展社区心衰患者管理提出相应护理服务措施,以便为患者提供综合性、持续性、经济可及性和个性化的服务,使患者长期处于有效监控下,改善预后和生活质量,为进一步完善心衰患者的管理提供依据。     

Racism,Health Status,and Birth Outcomes: Results of a Participatory Community-Based Intervention and Health Survey

Many community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships address social determinants of health as a central consideration. However, research studies that explicitly address racism are scarce in the CBPR literature, and there is a dearth of available community-generated data to empirically examine how racism influences health disparities at the local level. In this paper, we provide results of a cross-sectional, population-based health survey conducted in the urban areas of Genesee and Saginaw Counties in Michigan to assess how a sustained community intervention to reduce racism and infant mortality influenced knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of racism and to explore how perceived racism is associated with self-rated health and birth outcomes. We used ANOVA and regression models to compare the responses of intervention participants and non-participants as well as African Americans and European Americans (N = 629). We found that intervention participants reported greater acknowledgment of the enduring and differential impact of racism in comparison to the non-intervention participants. Moreover, survey analyses revealed that racism was associated with health in the following ways: (1) experiences of racial discrimination predicted self-rated physical health, mental health, and smoking status; (2) perceived racism against one’s racial group predicted lower self-rated physical health; and (3) emotional responses to racism-related experiences were marginally associated with lower birth-weight births in the study sample. Our study bolsters the published findings on perceived racism and health outcomes and highlights the usefulness of CBPR and community surveys to empirically investigate racism as a social determinant of health.     

四川省医护人员工作特征的评价

目的了解医护人员对工作特征的评价,分析其影响因素,为卫生行政管理部门制定和完善提高医护人员工作绩效及工作满意度的相关政策提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取2588名医护人员进行调查。结果四川省医护人员对各项工作特征的评价中,对工作意义的评价最高,均分77.96±18.77;对工作反馈的评价最低,均分60.85±20.40。影响工作特征评价的因素包括：医疗机构的级别、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、从事专业类别、从事专业工作年数、职称、行政业务管理职务。结论四川省医护人员对各项工作特征评价为中等程度,有关医疗卫生管理部门应重视根据不同特征医护人员的实际工作需求进行合理的工作安排与设计,开发、开通多元的沟通反馈渠道。     

社区居民生存质量及影响因素研究

目的了解社区人群生存质量(quality of life,QOL)及其影响因素,为提高居民生存质量提供决策依据。方法采用入户访谈调查方式调查252 013名30～79岁城乡社区居民,生存质量评定参照世界卫生组织生存质量量表(WHOQOL)的生理、心理和社会关系维度,选取其中睡眠状况、抑郁情绪和人际关系进行加权评分,采用多元线性回归分析生存质量的影响因素。结果调查人群QOL平均得分为(78.7±24.0)分,女性QOL得分(77.8±24.4)分低于男性(79.5±23.6)分(t=18.3,P<0.01),城市居民QOL得分(72.0±24.6)分低于农村居民(80.9±23.4)分(t=80.1,P<0.01),患慢性病居民QOL得分(72.3±25.7)分低于未患病组(81.1±22.9)分(t=-79.6,P<0.01),随着年龄增加社区居民的生存质量得分明显下降,30～岁、45～岁、60～岁组人群平均QOL得分依次为(81.2±23.1)分、(78.1±24.0)分、(74.6±24.8)分(F=1303.8,P<0.01);多元线性回归分析结果显示,男、女居民患有一种及以上慢性病、卫生保健服务不满意...     

Happiness in Midlife Parental Roles: A Contextual Mixed Methods Analysis

This article focuses on midlife parental role satisfaction using date from a culturally diverse sample of 490 Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, parents. Results show that most parents are happy in their roles. Income satisfaction, intergenerational relationship quality, parents' main activity, health, age, ethnic background, and perceptions of how children “turn out,” however, influence their subjective levels of happiness. These findings are discussed in terms of practical implications for professionals interested in midlife parental health and well‐being.     

Through the Eyes of the Beholder: The Mediating Role of Relationship Acceptance in the Impact of Partner Behavior

Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) posits that emotional reactions to a partner's behavior can be as important to the relationship as the behavior itself. This study examined whether acceptance (a) is distinct from relationship sentiment, (b) mediates the link between a partner's behavioral frequency and own relationship satisfaction, and (c) mediates the association between frequency of partner behavior and frequency of one's own behavior. Both members of 307 married couples (N = 614 persons) completed self‐ and spouse‐report measures of frequency and acceptability of positive and negative behaviors. Acceptance was distinct from satisfaction and mediated both relations for all types of relationship behaviors. Findings support IBCT's model of emotional‐cognitive acceptance of partner behaviors as a key source of relationship distress.     

医学生幸福途径及生活满意度影响因素调查

目的探讨医学生幸福途径及生活满意度影响因素。方法选取某省3所医学院校医学生为调查对象,采取问卷调查的方法,调查医学生幸福途径及生活满意度影响因素。结果在幸福途径上,成功、投入和意义三个维度得分比较高,应为医学生通往幸福的主要途径,且男女医学生在这三个维度存在极其显著性差异,均是女生得分显著高于男生;不同家庭来源的医学生在幸福途径4个维度均存在显著性差异,均是农村学生幸福评价高于城镇学生;不同院校学生在幸福途径4个维度中,愉悦、意义和成功存在极其显著性差异。结论医学生幸福感与生活满意度评价百分比均不高,学习状况、经济状况、恋爱、人际关系、家庭氛围、社会支持、就业和寻求帮助等方面均对医学生有重要影响,进而影响到医学生幸福感的获得。     

基于双因素理论的乡村医生工作满意度研究——以山东省为例

目的研究山东省乡村医生的工作满意度,分析其影响因素,并提出对策及建议,促进乡村医生队伍的可持续发展。方法运用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在山东省烟台市、潍坊市和聊城市随机抽取368名乡村医生开展问卷调查。采用自制的满意度问卷调查乡村医生的满意度状况;应用赫兹伯格双因素理论,通过Logistic回归分析,探讨影响乡村医生工作满意度的因素。结果调查完成有效问卷335份,有效率为91.0%。完成调查的乡村医生中,总体的工作满意率仅为15.5%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,影响工作满意度的激励因素为收入满意度、养老政策满意度。保健因素为收入满意度、是否参加培训和工作年限。结论山东省乡村医生工作满意度低。建议应重点完善乡村医生的养老保障制度,加强乡村医生培训,并合理地提高乡村医生的收入,以保证乡村医生队伍的可持续发展。