缓释载药体泊洛沙姆407圆窗灌注对耳蜗结构与听觉功能的影响

目的观察圆窗局部灌注泊洛沙姆407对耳蜗功能和结构的影响。方法16只健康豚鼠右耳圆窗灌注100μl20％泊洛沙姆407溶液作为实验组,左耳灌注生理盐水作为对照组,另取4只动物不予处理作为阴性对照组。于灌注前、后及灌注后第7、14、28及49d行听性脑干诱发电位（auditorybrainstemresponse,ABR）检测,并于检测后分别处死4只动物,行耳蜗基底膜铺片并计数。结果泊洛沙姆407灌注后ABR阈值较灌注前均有所提高,但在49d时恢复至灌注前水平;耳蜗毛细胞计数显示泊洛沙姆407圆窗灌注后无明显毛细胞缺失。结论泊洛沙姆407圆窗灌注对ABR阈值有暂时性影响,但未对耳蜗功能和结构起到持久性不可逆性损伤,符合中、内耳疾病的缓释给药治疗的条件。     

炎可宁联合氧氟沙星治疗急性化脓性中耳炎患儿的效果

目的:观察炎可宁联合氧氟沙星治疗急性化脓性中耳炎患儿的效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年10月该院收治的78例急性化脓性中耳炎患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方案不同将其分为对照组和研究组各39例。对照组给予氧氟沙星滴耳液治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合炎可宁片治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后T细胞亚群指标水平、炎性因子水平、病原清除率、听力阈值和不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为97.44%,高于对照组的79.48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组IL-2、IL-4、IL-6水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组病原清除率为94.87%(37/39),明显高于对照组的74.35%(29/39),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组听力阈值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:炎可宁联合氧氟沙星治疗急性化脓性中耳炎患儿可提高治疗总有效率和...     

正常人扩展高频测听结果报告

目的 :研究正常人扩展高频听敏度 ,观察扩展高频听力随年龄增加的细微变化。方法 :用意大利Amplaid - 4 6 0型听力计 ,频率范围 8～ 18kHz。测试正常人 12 8人、2 5 6耳 ,17～ 5 0岁 ,男 92人 ,女 36人 ,其中17～ 2 9岁 90人 ,30～ 5 0岁 38人 ,12 5Hz～ 8kHz纯音各频率听阈≤ 2 0dBHL ,声导抗测听正常。以 5岁为一年龄段分 5组进行分析。结果 :1 正常年轻人 (17～ 2 9岁 )高频听阈总的趋势是随频率提高 ,听阈逐渐增加 ,出现率逐渐下降 ,在 14kHz以上频率更为显著 ;2 正常人 17～ 19岁、2 0～ 2 4岁、2 5～ 2 9岁、30～ 34岁、35岁以上各年龄组间 12、14、16、18kHz听阈相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,随年龄增加听阈逐渐提高 ,高频听阈出现率逐渐下降 ,随频率增加各年龄组差距逐渐明显 ,14kHz以上频率最为明显。结论 :人耳的老化是一个逐渐的过程 ,随年龄增加听阈提高。频率越高受影响越明显。扩展高频纯音测听结果可反映耳蜗亚临床病理状态 ,有利于早期发现听觉感受器病变 ,可用于临床监测耳毒性听力损失和早期诊断梅尼埃病等     

氨基糖甙类抗生素耳毒性的研究进展

氨基糖甙类抗生素(AmAn)由于具有高效、廉价等优点,因此,半个多世纪以来一直成为抗革兰阴性和阳性细菌的有效。然而,由于AmAn具有耳毒性、肾毒性等副作用,从而大大限制了其在临床中的应用。近年来,科研工作者对AmAn耳毒性作用进行了一系列的研究并取得了一些进展。现就AmAn耳毒性机制、预防药物以及动物模型等方面的研究进行综述。     

NICU高胆红素血症新生儿听力筛查

目的通过对NICU高胆红素血症新生儿进行听力筛查,发现NICU中高胆红素血症新生儿听力障碍发病情况。方法对我院2005年10月至2006年12月期间NICU收住的高胆红素血症新生儿用DPOAE模式进行初筛,对初筛未通过者用DPOAE+ABR进行复筛,复筛未通过者进行听力学评估及确诊。结果共筛查高胆红素血症178人,确诊(6月龄)5例,听力障碍发病率为2.96%。结论高胆红素血症是NICU新生儿听力障碍发病的一个高危因素。     

非稳态噪声对作业工人健康危害调查

目的探讨非稳态噪声对作业工人健康的影响。方法对某公司371名从事冲压作业工人及对照组228人进行听力、血压、心电图及内、外、五官科检查。结果噪声组的听力损伤、心电图异常、高血压及神经衰弱综合征发生率均有明显增加，与对照组比较均有显著性差异。且听力损伤主要表现为轻度和中度听损，随着接触噪声时间的延长，听力损伤发生率逐渐增加。心电图异常主要表现为窦性心律不齐和右束支传导阻滞。结论非稳态噪声对作业工人中枢神经、听力和心血管均可产生不良影响。     

脑性瘫痪伴听力损失儿童的听力学特点及高危因素分析

目的探讨脑性瘫痪伴听力损失儿童的听力学特点及高危因素。方法对2009年1月～2010年12月诊断为脑性瘫痪的120例患儿进行听力学诊断,包括ABR、诊断型DPOAE测试,明确是否伴有听力损伤及听损伤的程度和部位,并对听力损伤的高危因素进行分析。结果 120例脑性瘫痪儿童中,双耳ABR反应阈正常82例(68.33%,82/120),其DPOAE均正常;38例(31.67%,38/120)ABR异常,其中,双耳35例,3例轻度、5例中度、3例重度、24例极重度;单耳3例,2例极重度、1例中度听力损失;23例双耳、3例单耳DPOAE未引出,与ABR检查结果一致,符合感音神经性聋诊断;12例双耳DPOAE正常,而ABR波形异常,符合蜗后聋诊断。38例听损伤脑瘫患儿的高危因素主要有高胆红素血症13例(34.21%)、窒息8例(21.05%)、早产低体重8例(21.05%),母孕期感染7例(18.42%)、伴其它新生儿疾病(先天性甲状腺机能低下症、败血症、化脓性脑膜炎、面神经麻痹等)6例(15.79%),脑瘫或耳聋家族史2例(5.26%),有两种或两种以上高危因素者11例。结论本组脑性瘫痪伴听力损失儿童以双耳极重度感音神经性聋为主,其次为双耳极重度蜗后聋,多数脑瘫伴听力损失儿童具有听力损伤高危因素。     

Obliteration of Radical Cavities and Total Reconstruction Procedure Without Staging After Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: Long-term Results

Objectives

We evaluate the long-term surgical and hearing results using a canal wall down mastoidectomy technique followed by cavities obliteration, canal wall reconstruction and ossiculoplasty without staging.

Methods

A total of 44 patients between January 2002 and October 2009 were selected and 27 of them were revision cases. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) were assessed and compared 1 and 4 years after surgery.

Results

The middle ear was well healed and aerated in 40 patients (90.9%) and the tympanic membrane was intact in 42 patients (95.5%). Recurrent cholesteatoma was found on postoperative follow-up in two of the revision patients (7.4%) but none in the primary patients. Seven patients were found to have partial canal bone absorption, but revision surgery was not required. Over 86.4% of all cases were water resistant. Long-lasting improvement and/or preservation of hearing, with maintenance of PTA-ABG closure in 63.7% of all cases within 20 dB, were obtained.

Conclusion

The efficacy of our technique after a canal wall down mastoidectomy is satisfactory, and the rate of complication is acceptably low. We believe that our technique could be a convenient method in disease control and providing an excellent basis for hearing restoration simultaneously.     

住院期间未做听力筛查新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射延期筛查结果分析

目的:了解住院期间未做听力筛查婴儿的瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)延期筛查结果,以发现高危听力损失儿童.方法:对2012年7月1日～2013年12月31日在该单位听力筛查中心门诊的婴儿进行TEOAE筛查,采用自制问卷对婴儿的家庭情况及一般情况进行调查.结果:在947名婴儿中,TEOAE初筛总体未通过率为11.83％,其中左耳未通过率为3.06％,右耳未通过率为3.17％,双耳未通过率为5.60％,男孩未通过率为12.97％,女孩未通过率为10.36％,城区婴儿未通过率为10.87％,农村婴儿未通过率为15.35％.经x2检验,初筛未通过率性别、地区及筛查年龄差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:TEOAE筛查可以为早期发现婴幼儿听力损失提供参考,加强对TEOAE未通过高危儿童的密切随访和及早干预,是避免听力损失影响儿童发育的重要措施.     

Exposure to music and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among professional pop/rock/jazz musicians

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been extensively studied in industrial work environments. With the advent of new technologies, loud music has been increasingly affecting listeners outside of the industrial setting. Most research on the effects of music and hearing loss has focused on classical musicians. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between the amount of experience a professional pop/rock/jazz musician has and objective and subjective variables of the musician''s hearing loss. This study also examined professional pop/rock/jazz musicians’ use of hearing protection devices in relation to the extent of their exposure to amplified music. Forty-four pop/rock/jazz musicians were interviewed using the Pop/Rock/Jazz Musician''s Questionnaire (PRJMQ) in order to obtain self-reported symptoms of tinnitus and hyperacusis. Forty-two of the subjects were also tested for air-conduction hearing thresholds in the frequency range of 1-8 kHz. Results show that the extent of professional pop/rock/jazz musicians’ exposure to amplified music was related to both objective and subjective variables of hearing loss: Greater musical experience was positively linked to higher hearing thresholds in the frequency range of 3-6 kHz and to the subjective symptom of tinnitus. Weekly hours playing were found to have a greater effect on hearing loss in comparison to years playing. Use of hearing protection was not linked to the extent of exposure to amplified music. It is recommended that further research be conducted with a larger sample, in order to gain a greater understanding of the detrimental effects of hours playing versus years playing.