分类指标等价模糊聚类法及应用

本文给出了分类指标等价模糊聚类法的数学方法和应用实例。此法简便,能客观和真实的反映被分类对象所固有的特性,并具直观性,避免了许多聚类方法的主观性。在实际应用中聚类合理     

Segmentation of retinal blood vessels using a novel clustering algorithm (RACAL) with a partial supervision strategy

In this paper, segmentation of blood vessels from colour retinal images using a novel clustering algorithm with a partial supervision strategy is proposed. The proposed clustering algorithm, which is a RAdius based Clustering ALgorithm (RACAL), uses a distance based principle to map the distributions of the data by utilising the premise that clusters are determined by a distance parameter, without having to specify the number of clusters. Additionally, the proposed clustering algorithm is enhanced with a partial supervision strategy and it is demonstrated that it is able to segment blood vessels of small diameters and low contrasts. Results are compared with those from the KNN classifier and show that the proposed RACAL performs better than the KNN in case of abnormal images as it succeeds in segmenting small and low contrast blood vessels, while it achieves comparable results for normal images. For automation process, RACAL can be used as a classifier and results show that it performs better than the KNN classifier in both normal and abnormal images.     

基于关联规则与熵聚类的清热类中成药组方规律研究

目的:探讨常用清热类中成药组方规律。方法:收录《新编国家中成药》中清热类中成药处方,采用关联规则Apriori算法和复杂系统熵聚类等方法,确定处方中药物的使用频次及药物之间的关联规则等。结果:高频次药物包括甘草、黄芩、冰片、金银花、大黄、连翘等;高频次药物组合包括"甘草、黄芩""甘草、桔梗""连翘、金银花"等;置信度较高的关联规则包括"牛黄->冰片""桔梗->甘草""朱砂->冰片""栀子->黄芩"等。结论:处方用药中除常见的清热类中药外,尚包括具有清热作用的部分开窍药、安神药、泻下药及其他类药物。     

基于共词分析的我国医学信息学国际发文热点研究

以Web of Science为数据源,检索我国医学信息学领域国际发文量,利用SPSS20．0软件对文献关键词进行因子聚类分析,总结出6大研究主题：核医学图像数据库存储研究;计算机自然语言处理和文本挖掘在中国传统医学诊断中的运用;统计方法和计算机处理对临床医学和研究型数据的分析和系统构建;计算机和网络在医院信息系统、临床管理系统、护理系统研发与管理中的运用;统计方法和计算机技术在临床辅助检查心电图和临床疾病的治疗与诊断、临床决策中的运用;电子医学记录和健康记录的安全管理。     

Dietary and lifestyle counselling reduces the clustering of overweight‐related cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of individualised dietary and lifestyle counselling, primarily aimed to decrease serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, on the clustering of overweight‐related cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Design and participants: The 7‐month‐old study children were randomized either to counselling (n = 540) or control group (n = 522). Main outcome measures: The 5‐ to 15‐year‐old participants who fulfilled the international criteria were classified as overweight. Being in the highest [lowest for high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol] age‐ and gender‐specific quintile of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol or glucose was considered a risk factor. A cluster was defined as having high BMI and ≥2 other risk factors. Results: The counselling did not reduce the prevalence of overweight in 5‐ to 15‐year‐old participants. From age 7 onwards, the proportion of children with ≥2 risk factors was lower in the intervention than in the control group (p = 0.005). At the age of 15 years, 13.0% of girls and 10.8% of boys in the intervention group and 17.5% of girls and 18.8% of boys in the control group had the risk factor cluster (p = 0.046 for main effect of the study group). Having even one risk factor at the age of 5 years predicted the clustering of risk factors at the age of 15 years (OR: 3.8, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Repeated, individualized dietary and lifestyle counselling may reduce the clustering of overweight‐related cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents even though the counselling is not intense enough to prevent overweight.     

“十一五”期间我国中医外科学研究热点分析

以中国学术文献网络出版总库2006-2010年间的329篇中医外科文献为分析对象,基于文献聚类及高频关键词的社会网络分析方法,对文献主题及相关主题词进行系统分析,揭示"十一五"期间中医外科在教学、临床等方面的研究热点与主题分布。     

2012年顺义区手足口病聚集性疫情病例及重症病例病原学结果分析

目的：通过对手足口病聚集性病例和重症病例进行病原学检测,发现该地区手足口病原体的类型,为手足口病防控提供病原学依据。方法通过临床医生和流调人员采集符合聚集性疫情的手足口病病例和诊断为重症病例的咽拭子标本,应用RT-PCR方法检测原始样本和分离阳性病毒株中EV、EV71和CoxA16病毒的核酸。结果聚集性疫情病例咽拭子标本共276例,共分离出病毒125例,阳性率为45.29%;其中EV71阳性率为17.75%（49/276）,CoxA16阳性率为26.09%（72/276）,其他EV阳性率为1.45%（4/276）。重症病例咽式子标本共21例,共分离出病毒8例,阳性率为38.09%;其中EV71阳性率为9.52%（2/21）,CoxA16阳性率为23.81%（5/21）,其他EV阳性率为4.76%（1/21）。聚集性疫情病例中散居儿童、学生中CoxA16的检出率高于托幼儿童,其差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.843,P=0.050和χ2=8.048,P=0.005）。结论顺义区手足口病聚集性疫情病例和重症病例均以CoxA16病毒感染为主。聚集性疫情病例以托幼儿童为主,重症病例以散居儿童为主。应加强手足口病的病原学监测,为落实防控措施及明确临床诊断提供实验室依据。     

上海市徐汇区5年结核病疫情变化及其空间分布特征

目的探讨上海市徐汇区2005-2010年结核病发病的空间聚集性。方法应用扫描统计量法对上海市徐汇区2005-2010年的结核病登记资料进行分析。结果上海市徐汇区2005-2010年各年份的结核病登记率为24.28/10万-43.29/10万,各年份流动人口的结核病登记率均高于常住人口。以病例为单位分析没有发现存在空间聚集性,以街道为单位分析则具有空间聚集性,存在7个聚集性区域,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。按人口特征分析,徐汇区常住人口存在8个聚集性区域,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,流动人口也存在8个聚集性区域,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论上海市徐汇区结核病发病具有空间聚集性,而且常住人口和流动人口均存在聚集性。     

滑动时间窗视角下科学基金研究前沿探测

研究前沿是某领域处于先锋地位的研究内容。想要更好的理解当下和未来的研究趋势,需要时刻关注领域的研究前沿。文章综述了前人的研究方法,指出其共有问题,提出滑动时间窗视角下基于科学基金的前沿探测方法。并在选取最优聚类算法的基础上,以肿瘤学为例探测其研究前沿。结果表明Agglomerative的聚类效果最优,对4个滑动时间窗内的数据进行共词聚类分析,探测其研究前沿并分析其演化规律。     

102例恶性胸腔积液患者中医证候的临床分析

目的:对恶性胸腔积液患者的中医证候进行分析。方法:选取确诊为恶性胸腔积液的102例患者的临床资料进行分析,录入证候四诊信息,采用描述性统计分析计算中医证候四诊指标频数及聚类分析(指标聚类及病例聚类)对患者的中医证候进行分析。结果:102例恶性胸腔积液患者聚类结果显示主要有以下四种证型:肺脾两虚,痰瘀互结证、脾肾两虚,痰饮犯肺证、气阴两虚,痰热犯肺证及阴虚内热,瘀毒内生证。四种证型分别占52.94%、28.43%、9.80%、8.82%。结论:恶性胸腔积液的患者多表现为虚实夹杂的证候,以单独实证或虚证难以概括整个证型。