Grouping of body areas affected in traffic accidents. A cohort study

Background

Traffic accidents are considered a public health problem and, according to the World Health Organization, currently is the eighth cause of death in the world. Specifically, pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists contribute half of the fatalities. Adequate clinical management in accordance with aggregation patterns of the body areas involved, as well as the characteristics of the accident, will help to reduce mortality and disability in this population.

集束化管理儿科病区急救车的效果研究

目的 探讨集束化管理儿科病区急救车的效果，提高管理效能。方法 分2016年3月至2016年9月、2016年10月至2017年3月两个阶段，收集儿科病区护士对急救车的使用、急救技能掌握、培训及考核的前后效果数据资料，对急救车采用集束化管理前后效果进行比较。结果 集束化管理前后对护士在熟悉物品定位放置、掌握急救技术、药品物品有效期管理、准备抢救用物用时等结果进行比较，均P＜0.01，差异有统计学意义。掌握急救药品使用前后对比，差异无统计学意义，P＞0.05。结论 采用集束化管理对儿科病区急救车应用取得良好效果，值得临床推广。     

Characterizing the impact of spatial clustering of susceptibility for measles elimination

Measles elimination efforts are primarily focused on achieving and maintaining national vaccination coverage goals, based on estimates of the critical vaccination threshold (V_c): the proportion of the population that must be immune to prevent sustained epidemics. Traditionally, V_c estimates assume evenly mixing populations, an invalid assumption. If susceptible individuals preferentially contact one another, communities may remain vulnerable to epidemics even when vaccination coverage targets are met at the national level. Here we present a simple method to estimate V_c and the effective reproductive number, R, while accounting for spatial clustering of susceptibility. For measles, assuming R₀?=?15 and 95% population immunity, adjustment for high clustering of susceptibility increases R from 0.75 to 1.29, V_c from 93% to 96%, and outbreak probability after a single introduction from <1% to 23%. The impact of clustering remains minimal until vaccination coverage nears elimination levels. We illustrate our approach using Demographic and Health Survey data from Tanzania and show how non-vaccination clustering potentially contributed to continued endemic transmission of measles virus during the last two decades. Our approach demonstrates why high national vaccination coverage sometimes fails to achieve measles elimination, and that a shift from national to subnational focus is needed as countries approach elimination.     

高州市某农村小学乙型流感聚集性疫情调查分析

目的 分析2012年高州市某农村小学聚集性乙型流行性感冒疫情发生的原因及传染来源,为防治流行性感冒提供科学依据.方法 利用流行性感冒的个案调查表、实验室检测结果、现场卫生学资料进行流行病学分析.结果 本次聚集性疫情的发生始于2012年2月18日,首发病例的传染来源不明,最后1例病例发病时间为2月21日,暴露人口263人,发病9例,罹患率为3.4％,无死亡病例.发病年龄分布在13～14岁年龄组,无性别差异,由于首发病例为住宿生,住宿生发病率远高于走读生.采集9例病例血清标本,6例乙型流行性感冒病毒核酸检测阳性.结论 这是一起乙型流行性感冒的聚集性疫情,传播途径为空气飞沫传播;早发现、早报告、早隔离和接种流行性感冒疫苗是控制流行性感冒疫情最为关键的措施.     

针刺对脑功能性网络连接的影响

目的:通过研究脑功能性网络的连接特性探讨针刺对脑部的作用。方法:首先设计了针刺足三里采集脑电(EEG)信号的实验;然后采用相干估计法分析9位志愿者(6位男性,3位女性)针刺前、针刺中和针刺后各阶段EEG信号的同步特性并建立相应的脑同步性矩阵和脑功能性网络。结果:通过针刺中、针刺后与针刺前的状态相比观察到,针刺足三里会显著提高EEG信号的δ频段和γ频段的同步性。通过对脑功能性网络的节点度分析发现,针刺足三里会增加脑部区域的度;进一步分析发现针刺会大量增加δ频段内脑部远端区域间长距离连接的数目,从而增强脑功能性网络的聚类系数,降低其平均路径长度。结论:针刺足三里能够协调脑部不同区域间的电活动,具有提高脑部远端区域间信息交流的效果,并且这种效果是对脑部有益的。     

Clustering and switching processes in semantic verbal fluency in the course of Alzheimer's disease subjects: results from the PAQUID longitudinal study

Reduced semantic fluency performances have been reported in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate the cognitive processes underlying this early deficit, this study analyzed the verbal production of predemented subjects for the animals category with the qualitative parameters related to clustering (i.e. the ability to generate words belonging to semantic subcategories of animals) and switching (i.e. the ability to shift from one subcategory to another) proposed by Troyer. This qualitative analysis was applied to the PAQUID (Personnes Agées QUID) cohort, a 17-year longitudinal population-based study. The performances on the animal verbal fluency task of 51 incident cases of possible and probable AD were analyzed at the onset of dementia, 2 years and 5 years before dementia onset. Each case was matched for age, sex and education to two control subjects leading to a sample of 153 subjects. The mean cluster size and the raw number of switches were compared in the two samples. The results revealed a significantly lower switching index in the future AD subjects than in the elderly controls including 5 years before dementia incidence. A significant decline in this parameter was evidenced all along the prodromal phase until the clinical diagnosis of dementia. In contrast, the mean cluster size could not discriminate the two groups. Therefore the results support the hypothesis that impaired shifting abilities - rather than semantic memory storage degradation - could explain the early decline in semantic fluency performance occurring in the predementia phase of AD.     

How language can help discrimination in the Neural Modelling Fields framework

The relationship between thought and language and, in particular, the issue of whether and how language influences thought is still a matter of fierce debate. Here we consider a discrimination task scenario to study language acquisition in which an agent receives linguistic input from an external teacher, in addition to sensory stimuli from the objects that exemplify the overlapping categories that make up the environment. Sensory and linguistic input signals are fused using the Neural Modelling Fields (NMF) categorization algorithm. We find that the agent with language is capable of differentiating object features that it could not distinguish without language. In this sense, the linguistic stimuli prompt the agent to redefine and refine the discrimination capacity of its sensory channels.     

气相色谱数据的聚类分析法评价中药厚朴的质量

本文对中药厚朴进行气相色谱分析,根据样品组分的相对含量,用样品的多指标点绘法,对这些样品进行聚类分析,为评价其真伪及质量的优劣进行了初步的尝试,获得了一定结果。     

分类指标等价模糊聚类法及应用

本文给出了分类指标等价模糊聚类法的数学方法和应用实例。此法简便,能客观和真实的反映被分类对象所固有的特性,并具直观性,避免了许多聚类方法的主观性。在实际应用中聚类合理