补肾延宗方联合克罗米芬治疗排卵障碍性不孕症随机对照临床研究

[目的]观察补肾延宗方联合克罗米芬治疗排卵障碍性不孕症疗效。[方法]选取我院于2010年7月至2011年3月收治的100例排卵障碍性不孕症患者的临床资料,按照随机分组的方式,将患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组50例使用克罗米芬+补肾延宗方,对照组50例使用克罗米芬。两组均治疗1个月,对两组患者的临床效果观察。[结果]治疗组显著有效39例,有效7例,无效4例,总有效率为92.00%;对照组显著有效21例,有效19例,无效10例,总有效率为80.00%;治疗组50例,非常满意41例,满意5例,不满意4例,总满意率92.00%;对照组50例,非常满意21例,满意17例,不满意12例,总满意率76.00%。[结论]使用补肾延宗方联合克罗米芬治疗排卵障碍性不孕症疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

二甲双胍联合氯米芬对多囊卵巢综合征患者的促排卵疗效观察

目的 探讨二甲双胍联合氯米芬在多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者中的促排卵治疗效果. 方法 46例PCOS不孕症患者中对照组27例单用氯米芬促排卵治疗,试验组19例用二甲双胍联合氯米芬促排卵.对照组从月经周期第5天开始口服氯米芬,每次50 mg,1次/d,连服5 d,共3个周期.试验组先口服二甲双胍,每次500 mg,3次/d,连服3个月,随后从月经周期或撤退性出血的或撤退性出血的第5天开始加用氯米芬,用法同对照组.监测各组患者治疗前后生殖激素水平,阴道B型超声监测卵泡发育.分析各组排卵率和妊娠率. 结果 对照组治疗前后比较,各项生殖激素变化差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;试验组治疗后睾酮、LH/FSH比值分别为[（0.54±0.28）μg/L、（1.27±0.32）],较治疗前[（1.02±0.86）μg/L、（1.93±0.72）]明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组妊娠12例（63.2%）,优于对照组的7例（25.9%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）. 结论 二甲双胍能改善PCOS患者高雄激素状态,提高PCOS患者对氯米芬的敏感性;二甲双胍和氯米芬联用能获得更高的排卵率和妊娠率.     

未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟在多囊卵巢综合征的临床应用

目的:探讨未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟在多囊卵巢综合症的应用。方法:自然或小剂量FSH刺激至卵泡直径达到10mm注射hCG,36h后经阴道穿刺获取未成熟卵母细胞,体外培养24～48h,成熟卵母细胞进行ICSI。结果:11例PCOS患者共获卵141个,平均12.8个,培养24～48h后共96个达到MⅡ期,成熟率68%,ICSI后受精共59个,自然受精6个,ICSI受精率68%,自然受精率67%,46个发生卵裂(其中6个为自然受精),ICSI卵裂率68%,优质胚胎(Ⅰ～Ⅲ级)37个,自然受精6个均为优质胚胎。移植后14天,2例血hCG阳性,移植后28天探及子宫内单个孕囊并见原始心管搏动。IVM失败后4例原克罗米芬抵抗者,3例诱导排卵成功,其中1例妊娠,另1例经HMG两个周期妊娠。结论:①IVM是PCOS不孕治疗的新选择;②体外成熟卵母细胞可以自然受精;③经阴道卵巢穿刺可以作为PCOS手术治疗的一种方式。     

倍美力对克洛米酚周期宫颈粘液及子宫内膜的影响

观察倍美力对克洛米酚（CC）周期宫颈粘液子宫内膜的影响。方法：对40例服CC促排卵治疗的不孕妇女，进行宫颈粘液评分及B超监测子宫内膜厚度，并与CC促排周期加用倍美力治疗作前后对照，结果：加用倍美力组，宫颈粘液评分及子宫内膜厚度均高于单用CC组（P＜0．05）。结论：CC促排卵治疗周期，加用倍美力可提高宫颈评分及增加子宫内膜厚度。     

Effect of bromocriptine on neurophysin secretion in pregnant women in labour

In order to determine whether dopamine plays a role in the control of neuropituitary function in pregnant women during labour, blood levels of nicotine (NSN)- and estrogen (ESN)-stimulated neurophysins were measured in 119 women treated orally with placebo (n = 59, control group) or 5 mg bromocriptine, a potent dopaminergic receptor agonist (n = 60, experimental group). Serum samples were taken before drug ingestion (basal sample) and at delivery. The serum basal concentrations of NSN and ESN were similar in both groups of pregnant women in labour. At delivery, serum ESN levels were similar in all women regardless of the treatment, whereas NSN concentrations were significantly lower in the bromocriptine-treated women than in those who were given placebo.

In additional experiments the effect of 5 mg bromocriptine on the serum concentrations of NSN and ESN was tested for 6 hours after drug ingestion in 10 healthy, non-pregnant women and in 8 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Bromocriptine did not modify the circulating levels of NSN and ESN in either of these 2 groups of women.

Since NSN and ESN are thought to be associated with vasopressin and oxytocin, respectively, these results indicate that in non-pregnant women and in pregnant women during late pregnancy dopaminergic stimulation with a dopaminergic receptor agonist does not inhibit the release of either vasopressin or oxytocin during rest. In contrast, dopaminergic receptor stimulation appears to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of vasopressin, but not oxytocin secretion in pregnant women in labour.     

Ovarian hyperstimulation and oophorectomy following accidental daily clomiphene citrate use over three consecutive months

We describe the longest-known continuous use of clomiphene citrate ever reported in a human. As a result of a pharmacy error, a woman took 50 mg/day clomiphene citrate for three months. The prolonged use of this medication resulted in ovarian hyperstimulation and unilateral oophorectomy for torsion.     

小剂量阿司匹林促排卵过程中对子宫内膜发育的研究

目的 探讨小剂量阿司匹林（aspirin）在促进诱发排卵过程中对子宫内膜发育的影响。方法 2000-09—2003-03郑州大学第三附属医院对不明原因的不孕妇女采用前瞻性随机双盲的方法，在氯米芬（CC）促排卵治疗同时，自月经第1—20天连续服用小剂量阿司匹林75mg／d。结果 阿司匹林组的子宫动脉血流阻力指数（RI）明显低于CC组（P〈0．01），子宫内膜厚度明显厚于CC组（P〈0．01），子宫内膜腺体面积、周长、间质面积、彬间比值及雌、孕激素受体的数目均明显大于CC组（P〈0．01）。排卵前后，阿司匹林组和CC组的E2、P质量浓度均高于对照组，阿司匹林组和CC组的E2、P质量浓度差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 小剂量阿司匹林可改善促排卵时氯米芬所致的子宫内膜发育不良，但不能改善促排卵治疗时CC所致的内源激素紊乱状态。     

The effects of clomiphene citrate on normally ovulatory women

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of clomiphene citrate (CC) on normally ovulatory women who complained of infertility.

Design: A randomized study.

Setting: University Hospital.

Patient(s): Thirty-three normally ovulatory women with unexplained infertility.

Intervention(s): Eighteen women received CC at a 50-mg dosage. Fifteen women received no ovulation-induction drugs.

Main Outcome Measures: The pregnancy rate (PR) per patient, the PR per cycle, and the cumulative pregnancy rate.

Result(s): Seven patients in the CC group stopped taking CC, and observations were terminated because of antiestrogenic effects. The pregnancy rate (PR) per patient and the PR per cycle were significantly decreased (P < 0.005) in the CC group (4 of 18 [22.2%] and 4 of 66 [6.1%], respectively) than in the spontaneous group (11 of 15 [73.3%] and 11 of 52 [21.2%], respectively). Kaplan-Meier tests showed that the cumulative pregnancy rate in the CC group was significantly lower than in the spontaneous group (P <0.05). Five of seven patients who had stopped taking CC became pregnant in spontaneous cycles.

Conclusion(s): Administration of CC to normally ovulatory women is not efficacious in terms of increasing the pregnancy rate.     

Inferences derived from electroencephalographic responses to acute administration of clomiphene citrate in male albino rats

Electroencephalographic (EEG) responses were recorded from preoptic, posterior hypothalamus and fronto-parietal cortical areas in mature male rats. Observations were made through stereotaxically implanted electrodes before and after an injection of clomiphene citrate (CC) in a dosage of 4 mg at varying time intervals in the same animal. The immediate response to CC injection was the occurrence of slow waves in preoptic, which later appeared in posterior hypothalamus. Slowing from posterior hypothalamus was very conspicuous, consisting of occasional high voltage rolling waves intermingled with low voltage fast components ending in discharges of long duration. Intermittent bursts of slow waves were observed as a regular feature from preoptic. By the end of two and a half hr, EEG activity of posterior hypothalamus was similar to that of preoptic. These EEG changes have been discussed with reference to hypothalamic control mechanisms for the secretion of gonadotrophins and libido display in the presence of CC.     

促排卵在人工授精治疗不孕症中的应用

目的　比较不同的促排卵方法联合宫腔内人工授精 (IUI)治疗不孕症的疗效。方法　以 2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年6月间在我院不孕专科就诊的 195对夫妇作为观察对象 ,分为 3组 :CC/HCG组 ,共 10 3例 ,379个周期 ;CC/FSH/HCG组共 5 8例 ,16 4个周期 ;自然周期对照组 ,共 34例 ,5 5个周期。结果　自然周期对照组的周期妊娠率为 7 3% ,病例妊娠率为 11 8%。CC/HCG组的周期妊娠率为 12 0 % ,与对照组相比没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,与CC/FSH/HCG组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;病例妊娠率为 34 6 % ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,与CC/FSH/HCG组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。CC/FSH/HCG组周期妊娠率为 2 2 6 % ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;病例妊娠率为 6 0 3% ,与对照组相比也有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　采用CC/HCG或CC/FSH/HCG促排卵可提高IUI治疗不孕症的妊娠率。