成人肺炎支原体肺炎173例临床分析

目的分析成人肺炎支原体肺炎的临床特点,探讨治疗策略。方法综合分析173例成人肺炎支原体肺炎的临床资料。结果80.9%病人年龄<40岁,男∶女为0.89∶1;96.5%病人有发热,其中高热(T>39℃)占42.8%;85.0%病人有咳嗽,49.1%病人有咳痰,仅69.4%病人肺内可闻及干、湿性口罗音;肺外并发症总发生率18.6%,未发现严重肺外并发症;胸部影像学表现示81.5%病人有肺内病变,其中54.3%为斑片状影;予以大环内酯类抗生素治疗,全部治愈。结论成人肺炎支原体肺炎主要见于青壮年,老年病人较少,无性别差异;临床症状重于肺部体征,有影像-体征分离现象,且严重并发症及重症病人少;大环内酯类抗生素疗效明显。     

如何利用Blackboard教学管理系统构建生理学网络课程

B lackboard教学管理系统可为教师创建、发布和管理网络课程提供方便、快捷的工具模块。文章介绍了如何利用B lackboard教学管理系统提供的课程内容模块、测验模块和课程工具模块来构建生理学网络课程的过程。指出生理学网络课程的建设,对突破传统面授教学的局限性和帮助学生网上学习具有重要意义。     

关于心律失常教学课件的设计制作构想

介绍了一种基于计算机动画和视频剪辑技术的心律失常教学课件的设计思想、课件内容及演示特点。     

加大教学改革力度提高成人教育办学质量

根据国家对发展成人高等教育的要求,以中国药科大学为例,具体探讨了医药院校进行成人教育教学改革的措施,以期为发展医药院校成人高等教育提供思路。     

管理学课程教学创新探讨

管理学是研究管理活动的科学知识体系，是一门综合性应用学科，具有科学性和艺术性。针对管理学在新形势下不断呈现出的特点，探讨了管理学课程的教学目标、教学内容及教学方法应该作出的调整和创新。     

岗梅根清喉颗粒的制备及临床疗效观察

目的研究岗梅根清喉颗粒的制备方法,并观察其临床疗效。方法与草珊瑚含片对照比较,观察其治疗咽喉炎症的临床疗效,并进行动物急性毒性试验。结果符合颗粒的质量要求。动物试验LD50>1208g生药/kg。治疗组与对照组总有效率均在85%以上,两者对咽喉炎症均具有明显的治疗作用。结论本颗粒组方合理,工艺可行,无毒性;临床疗效满意。     

Helical CT in the primary trauma evaluation of the cervical spine: an evidence-based approach

This review provides a summary of the cost-effectiveness, clinical utility, performance, and interpretation of screening helical cervical spine CT for trauma patients. Recent evidence supports the use of helical CT as a cost-effective method for screening the cervical spine in high-risk trauma patients. Screening cervical spine CT can be performed at the time of head CT to lower the cost of the evaluation, and when all short- and long-term costs are considered, CT may actually save money when compared with traditional radiographic screening. In addition to having higher sensitivity and specificity for cervical spine injury, CT screening also allows more rapid radiological clearance of the cervical spine than radiography. Patients who are involved in high-energy trauma, who sustain head injury, or who have neurological deficits are candidates for CT screening. Screening with CT may enhance detection of other potentially important injuries of the cervical region. Received: 17 March Revision requested: 14 April 2000 Revision received: 19 July 2000 Accepted: 19 July 2000     

补肾复活汤治疗48例老年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨补肾复活汤对老年股骨骨颈骨折患者的治疗效果.方法:用补肾复活汤内服治疗老年股骨颈骨折48例,设对照组48例,通过1～6个月的治疗,观察治疗后骨折的愈合情况.结果:治疗组患者折愈合率达64.6%.结论:补肾复活汤有明显改善骨折端的血液循环,促进骨折愈合的作用.     

不同灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究进展

目的:通过对近十年不同灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究文献进行整理分析,了解各种灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效,以期择优选择适宜灸法治疗原发性痛经。方法:以"灸""原发性痛经""功能性痛经"为主题词,在中英文数据库上检索近十年(2010年1月—2020年2月)灸法治疗原发性痛经临床研究文献。结果:临床上灸法治疗原发性痛经的方法众多,主要以温和灸、温针灸、热敏灸为主,应用灸法治疗原发性痛经最多的证型是寒凝血瘀型(或寒湿凝滞型),但大部分临床研究未进行辨证给予艾灸治疗痛经以及同种证型痛经应用不同灸法的疗效差异未进行比较。结论:各种灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效均较显著,但疗效差异不详,故今后要开展更多高质量的临床研究不同灸法治疗痛经之间疗效差异,明确不同证型痛经所适宜的灸法以提高临床疗效。     

Long‐term Radiological and Clinical Outcome after Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery in Patients with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Prospective 6‐Year Follow‐up Study

ObjectiveTo assess which radiological alignment parameters are associated with a satisfactory long‐term clinical outcome after performing lumbar spinal fusion for treating degenerative spondylolisthesis.MethodsThis single‐center prospective study assessed the relation between radiological alignment parameters measured on standing lateral lumbar spine radiographs and the patient‐reported outcome using four different questionnaires (COMI, EQ‐5D, ODI and VAS) as primary outcome measures (level of evidence: II). The following spinopelvic alignment parameters were used: gliding angle, sacral inclination, anterior displacement, sagittal rotation, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. Furthermore, the length of stay and perioperative complications were documented. Only cases from 2013 to 2015 of low‐grade degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (Meyerding grades I and II) were considered. The patients underwent open posterior lumbar fusion surgery by pedicle screw instrumentation and cage insertion. The operative technique was either a posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) or a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) performed by three different senior orthopedic surgeons. Exclusion criteria were spine fractures, minimally invasive techniques, underlying malignant diseases or acute infections, previous or multisegmental spine surgery as well as preoperative neurologic impairment. Of 89 initially contacted patients, 17 patients were included for data analysis (11 males, six females).ResultsThe data of 17 patients after mono‐ or bisegmental lumbar fusion surgery to treat low‐grade lumbar spondylolisthesis and with a follow‐up time of least 72 months were analyzed. The mean age was 66.7 ± 11.3 years. In terms of complications two dural tears and one intraoperative bleeding occurred. The average body mass index (BMI) was 27.6 ± 4.4 kg/m² and the average inpatient length of stay was 12.9 ± 3.8 days (range: 8–21). The long‐term clinical outcome correlated significantly with the change of the pelvic tilt (r _s = −0.515, P < 0.05) and the sagittal rotation (r _s = −0.545, P < 0.05). The sacral slope was significantly associated with the sacral inclination (r _s = 0.637, P < 0.01) and the pelvic incidence (r _s = 0.500, P < 0.05). In addition, the pelvic incidence showed a significant correlation with the pelvic tilt (r _s = 0.709, P < 0.01). The change of the different clinical scores over time also correlated significantly between the different questionnaires.ConclusionsThe surgical modification of the pelvic tilt and the sagittal rotation are the two radiological alignment parameters that can most accurately predict the long‐term clinical outcome after lumbar interbody fusion surgery.