西藏自治区公务员吸烟现状及影响因素分析

目的了解西藏自治区公务员吸烟状况,探讨吸烟的影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法采用问卷调查的方法对西藏自治区414名公务员的吸烟状况进行调查,描述其吸烟现况、知识及态度情况,并用二分类Logistic回归探讨吸烟的影响因素。结果西藏自治区公务员的吸烟率为36.0%,其中男性吸烟率为54.9%,女性吸烟率为8.8%。不同年龄、不同工作年限、不同学历的吸烟状况有统计学差异,影响公务员吸烟的因素有性别、吸烟相关疾病知识得分、学历、家庭禁烟规定。结论加强对公务员队伍吸烟、被动吸烟危害健康的知识培训,鼓励家庭成员参与到控烟工作中来,从开展公务员这一重点人群控烟,带动全社会参与控烟。     

Jane Stuart Woolsey and Hospital Days: The power of nursing training

AimsTo analyze the personal experiences of Jane Stuart Woolsey in Hospital Days (1868), an inspiring nurse who brought order, training and quality to nursing activities in the context of the American Civil War (1861–1865).BackgroundIn a restrictive context where the general access of women to public sphere activities was rather limited and where nursing was not a formally regulated professional activity, Jane Woolsey wrote Hospital Days to recount her wartime nursing experiences as the superintendent of Fairfax Seminary Hospital in Virginia.DesignHistorical research.MethodsHistorical research methods were used to analyze Hospital Days. Data gathered from primary and secondary sources were synthesized and discussed in terms of their historical context and significance.ResultsUnlike other triumphal narratives at the time, Woolsey develops a compelling account describing the work expected of a nurse and denouncing the lack of training among most nurses working in the war context.ConclusionJane Woolsey was a pioneering nurse who improved the quality of nursing care amidst the American Civil War. Her personal experiences collected in Hospital Days reflect her desire for the proper training of nurses and her contributions to emerging professional nursing activities built on the integration of previous domestic values, good training and good administration.     

Identification of subgroups in the Danish population for targeted human papillomavirus vaccination efforts

BackgroundIn the Danish childhood vaccination program, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is lower than for other vaccines. To tailor a targeted HPV vaccination effort, we aimed to identify girls in Denmark with lower first dose HPV vaccination coverage than girls in general.MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort study was performed of girls born in 2001–2004, residing in Denmark in September 2019 (N = 128,351). Data from the Danish Vaccination Register was linked to sociodemographic data from the Danish Civil Registration System and Statistics Denmark. Cox's proportional hazard regression models were used to compare vaccination uptake rates between subgroups of girls.ResultsHPV vaccination coverage at 14 years of age varied widely by municipality (53.4–80.6%). Girls living with neither of their parents had a lower chance of being vaccinated compared to girls living with both their parents (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.41–0.46), likewise for girls attending special need education compared with girls attending public schools (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.42–0.59). The vaccination uptake among immigrants was lower compared to Danish-born girls (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.49–0.54), especially among immigrant girls whose parents had not passed any Danish exams. Finally, girls who were DTaP-IPV revaccinated had a 50% greater chance of being HPV vaccinated compared to girls who were not (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.58–1.64).ConclusionTo increase the HPV vaccination uptake, we recommend vaccination efforts targeting girls living without any of their parents, girls attending special need education, immigrants, and girls who are not DTaP-IPV revaccinated. When targeting immigrants, the effort should focus on disseminating sufficient and understandable information about the Danish childhood vaccination program to the parents.     

执法类公务员改革背景下基层卫生监督机构 人员岗位分类与管理体系研究*

摘 要：目的：为了理顺基层卫生监督机构人员的岗位分类与管理体制，建立符合其特点的专业行政执法机构岗位职系 和管理规范。方法：通过文献回顾在政策层面对卫生监督机构职责、卫生监督机构人员的岗位职责与岗位分类进行了梳理。 焦点小组邀请20人参与小组会议讨论，并进行文献回顾，在政策层面对卫生监督机构的人员岗位设置进行讨论、分析、核 实，结合浦东新区卫生健康委员会监督所的实际工作情况，总结了卫生监督机构的人员岗位设置的具体分类、结构比例、岗 位等级、专业方向与职级等。结果：目前，虽然卫生监督机构的部分职能、职责有所调整，但是公共卫生监督、医疗卫生监 督、卫生健康许可、卫生法制稽查、重大活动卫生监督保障和突发公共卫生事件应急处置等主要职能依然清晰。卫生监督机 构从事卫生执法工作和部分与执法活动相关的综合业务管理的工作人员其主要职责比较明确，但对行政后勤等执法辅助岗位 的岗位职责、设置比例、晋升机制等尚不明确。结论：因为各级卫生监督机构的性质和人员身份不同，因此管理体制、晋升 体制存在较大差异，不同性质的人员没有统一的管理、晋升体制。应细化不同岗位职责，设置独立、统一的卫生监督机构人 员岗位职级与等级并制定配套的管理机制，实施更为精细的专业化管理，将有利于专业执法机构的人才培养。     

Increasing obesity is associated with lower postoperative bleeding in coronary bypass patients

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Study of court decisions on dental errors in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil

The professional relationship between dentists and patients is considered as a service provider-client. When the patient-client feels harmed due to dental error, he may seek economic reparation by lodging a lawsuit. The present research analyzed appellate court decisions on dental errors in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2003 to 2019. The results show an increase in judgments. The most cited specialties were surgery, orthodontics, implantology, prosthesis, endodontics, periodontics, and general practice. Most appellate court decisions upheld the sentences. A decrease in the number of outcomes pronouncing dentists and/or clinics guilty was observed over the period. Most of the lawsuits were lodged under the Free Legal Assistance program. The high percentage of court decisions citing inclusion of an expert report highlights the importance of expertise in providing judges with technical clarification. Moral injury recorded the highest pecuniary sums, followed by compensation for material damage and aesthetic damage.