四例合并继发性der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11)inv(9)(p22q34)异常的Ph阳性白血病的临床及分子遗传学研究

目的 探讨4例合并继发性der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11)inv(9)(p22q34)异常的Ph阳性白血病的临床及分子遗传学特征.方法 应用骨髓细胞直接法或短期培养法制备染色体,经R显带进行核型分析.应用BCR/ABL双色双融合探针和9号染色体短臂及长臂涂染探针分别对4例伴有inv(9)(p22q34)的Ph阳性患者标本进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)和染色体涂染分析.用逆转录PCR检测BCR/ABL融合基因转录本.结果 1例急性髓细胞白血病患者核型中有3种克隆,分别为正常细胞、t(9;22)(q34;q11)异常细胞、同时合并der(9)t(9;22)衍生克隆和Ph以及其它异常,即t(8;12)(q12;p11),der(9) t(9;22)inv(9) (p22q34),der(22)t(9;22)细胞.其余3例慢性粒细胞白血病患者均同时合并Ph和der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11)inv(9)(p22q34).FISH结果显示,3例有1红1绿两个融合信号、2红2绿1个融合信号、且在中期分裂相中发现1红1绿荧光信号分别位于9号染色体的两端;另1例67.5％的细胞有2红1绿1融合信号,有1绿色信号的缺失即表明BCR基因的缺失.染色体涂抹检测发现4例患者均有9号染色体的倒位.逆转录PCR检测均为b3a2转录本.该继发异常既可发生于Ph阳性CML慢性期或急变期,也可发生于原发性Ph阳性AML.该异常核型可能与预后不良相关.结论 合并继发性der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11)inv(9)(p22q34)异常的Ph阳性白血病是一种少见但可再现的Ph继发性异常,具有独特的临床和分子遗传学特点.     

婴幼儿9号染色体异常的临床意义

目的 对疑似染色体异常的婴幼儿进行细胞遗传学分析.方法 抽取外周血或骨髓进行培养,对染色体进行G显带分析.结果 154例外周血中,共发现非整倍体异常20例,其中21三体占19例.发现结构异常13例,其中9号染色体变异达6例,均发生于近着丝粒区,其中包括倒位3例,缺失、插入及重复各1例.患者的主要表现包括先天性心脏病、特殊面容、脑瘫、发育不良、运动失调等.染色体多态异常20例,多数为随体缺失,其次为9号染色体的次缢痕变化.在10例疑似为白血病儿童的骨髓样品中检测到5例染色体数量或结构性异常.结论 细胞遗传学分析对重症婴幼儿的病理检查具有很大的帮助.9号染色体的变异及其临床意义值得重视.     

男性不育患者精子染色体畸变及精子DNA完整性分析

目的 探讨男性不育患者精子染色体和精子DNA完整性的改变.方法 精子染色质扩散(sperm chromatin dispersion,SCD)实验分析精子DNA碎片,正常生育男性(对照组)32名,特发性严重少弱精子症患者(idiopathic severe oligoasthenozoospermia,ISOA)19例,妻子不明原因反复自然流产(unexpbined recurrent miscarriage,URM)38例;多色荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)技术检测URM妇女丈夫(n=12)、ISOA不育者(n=10)及对照组(n=5)精子13、21、18、X和Y染色体畸变.结果 对照组、ISOA不育者及URM妇女丈夫精子13、18和21染色体数目总体异常的比率分别为1.29%、4.02%和3.91%,而X和Y染色体数目总体异常的比率分别为0.61%、2.03%和1.98%,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).SCD实验分析精子DNA碎片,ISOA不育患者(n=19)及URM妇女丈夫(n=38)精子DNA碎片比例平均为40.7%±17.8%和22.1%±10.3%,均显著性高于对照组(12.1%±5.2%,P＜0.01).FISH精子染色体(13、21、18、X和Y探针)数目畸变率与精子DNA碎片比率呈正相关(r=0.874,P＜0.01,n=27),精子DNA碎片比率与精子密度及前向运动精子率呈负相关(r=-0.571,P＜0.01,和r=-0.616,P＜0.01,n=89),与畸形精子比率呈正相关(r=0.637,P＜0.01,n=89).结论 精子染色体畸变率和精子DNA碎片比率增高,可能是ISOA和妻子URM不育男性的原因之一,精子DNA损伤筛查町能为特发性男性不育患者提供有用的信息.     

Evidence for Epigenetic Interactions for Loci on Mouse Chromosome 1 Regulating Open Field Activity

The expression of motor activity levels in response to novel situations is under complex genetic and environmental control. Several genetic loci have been implicated in the regulation of this behavioral phenotype, but their relationship to epigenetic and epistatic interactions is relatively unknown. Here, we report on a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on mouse chromosome 1 for novelty-induced motor activity in the open field, using chromosome substitution strains derived from a high active host strain (C57BL/6J) and a low active donor strain (A/J). The QTL for open field (horizontal distance moved) peaked at the location of Kcnj9, however, QTL detection was initially masked by an interplay of both grandparent genetic origin and genetic co-factors influencing behavior on chromosome 1. Our findings indicate that epigenetic interactions can play an important role in the identification of behavioral QTLs and must be taken into consideration when applying behavioral genetic strategies. Edited by Tamara Phillips.     

Alpha-2-macroglobulin gene, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 locus, and sporadic Alzheimer's disease

A total sample of 169 AD patients, and 264 age- and sex-matched unrelated caregivers from Apulia, southern Italy, were genotypized for alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) Val1000/Ile single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs669), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and SNPs (+1073 and +1071) in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (OLR1) gene on chromosome 12. A2M allele and genotype frequencies were similar between AD patients and controls, also after stratification for late onset (≥70 years) and early onset (<70 years) or APOE 4 status. However, there was evidence in support of LD between the OLR1 + 1071, the OLR1 + 1073, and the rs669 SNPs, with T-C-A haplotype being associated with significant increased risk of AD in both the whole sample and when we stratified according to early and late onset AD subjects, with the allelic association with AD predominantly from the OLR1 + 1073 SNP, further supporting the role of OLR1 as a candidate risk gene for sporadic AD.     

北京地区8609例不良孕产史夫妇的染色体核型分析

目的探讨不良孕产史夫妇与染色体核型异常的关系。方法采集不良孕产史夫妇病历资料,并抽取外周血培养,然后进行常规G显带核型分析。结果 8609例不良孕产史夫妇中,共检出异常染色体核型521例,异常率为6.05%。其中随体变异174例,异常率为2.02%,染色体倒位164例,异常率为1.90%;副缢痕的增长15例,异常率为0.17%,平衡易位131例,异常率为1.52%,数目异常37例,异常率为0.43%。核型异常发生率在不同性别中差异无显著性。结论染色体核型异常是导致不良孕产史的重要原因之一,对不良孕产史夫妇双方进行细胞遗传学检查,提供优生咨询,再孕指导与监测,能够有效防止患儿出生,提高出生人口素质。     

10例性腺发育不良患者细胞遗传和分子遗传学研究

目的为了分析10例性腺发育不良患者细胞遗传学和分子遗传学特征。方法采用染色体核型分析和多重PCR技术,扩增Y染色体长臂AZF区域序列标签位点（STS）即AZFa区sY84、sY86,AZFb区sY127、sY134,AZFd区sY152．AZFc区sY254、sY255,Yq12sY160（DYZ1）和短臂sY14（SRY）9个位点。结果1例染色体核型分析为46,X．del（X）（q13）的女性和1例45,X／46,X,min的女性,均未扩增出SRY及Y染色体AZFa、b、c区域位点。1例染色体核型为46,XX男性和1例46,X,-Y,＋min的男性患者仅SRY基因扩增阳性,AZFa、b、c区域位点均缺失;2例染色体核型分析为46,XY女性和1例染色体核型分析47,XYY的女性患者不仅SRY基因扩增阳性,而且Y染色体AZFa、b、c区域多个位点扩增阳性。1例染色体核型为46,X,del（Y）（q11）的男性患者,Y染色体AZFb、c区域多个位点的缺失,1例染色体核型为46,X,de1（Y）（q12）,Yq12sY160（DYZ1）缺失。结论染色体核型分析和Y染色体微缺失检测是辅助诊断性腺发育不良的重要方法。     

In vitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of acetamiprid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is commonly used both in agriculture and domestic areas against a wide range of insects. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of acetamiprid (Mosetam 20 SP, containing 20% acetamiprid as the active ingredient) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus tests. Cells were treated with 25, 30, 35, and 40 mug/ml of acetamiprid for 24 and 48 hr. Acetamiprid induced SCEs and CAs significantly at all concentrations and treatment times and micronucleus formation was significantly induced at 30, 35, and 40 mug/ml of acetamiprid as compared with both the control and solvent control. Acetamiprid decreased the proliferation index (PI) at the two highest concentrations (35 and 40 mug/ml) for the 24-hr treatment period and only at the highest concentration (40 mug/ml) for the 48-hr treatment period when compared with the control and solvent control. Peripheral lymphocytes exposed to all concentrations of acetamiprid showed significant decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) for both treatment periods when compared with both the control and solvent control. Furthermore, acetamiprid decreased the MI in both treatment periods, and the NDI only in the 24-hr treatment period to the same extent as the positive control, mitomycin C (MMC). This study presents the first in vitro evidence for the genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of acetamiprid in human peripheral lymphocytes.     

An 8‐cM interstitial deletion on 4q21‐q22 in DNA from an infant with hepatoblastoma overlaps with a commonly deleted region in adult liver cancers

We performed molecular analysis of a germline interstitial deletion of chromosome 4 [del(4)(q21.22q23)], which had been observed in a male infant manifesting early‐onset hepatoblastoma (HBL). The chromosomal anomaly in this child was associated with a unique congenital syndrome including HBL, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, mental retardation, and seizures. However, the patient did not exhibit a megalencephaly typical of 4q21‐22 deletions. His HBL was associated with an increasing serum α‐fetoprotein level and rapid growth. To define the chromosomal deletion at the molecular level in this child, we analyzed his lymphoblasts with fluorescence in situ hybridization, using as probes a panel of BAC/PAC genomic clones containing STS markers covering the 4q12‐27 region. The analysis revealed that the affected chromosome had an 8‐cM deletion within 4q21‐q22, flanked by markers D4S2964 and D4S2966. This microdeletion overlaps with the commonly deleted region at 4q21‐q22 that was recently defined in adult hepatocellular carcinomas. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

羊水细胞学检查在产前诊断中的应用

目的：分析产前诊断的高危孕妇羊水细胞染色体核型,了解孕中期异常核型出现的频率,类型及与各种产前诊断指征之间的关系。方法：130例有产前论断孕妇（2例为双胎妊娠）在妊娠17－27周时行羊膜腔穿刺术,抽羊水行羊水细胞培养查染色体核型。结果：羊水细胞培养成功并进行核型分析的为126例,成功率为95．4％;妊17－20周与妊20－27周的羊水培养成功率未见显著差异,分别95．9％（71／74）,94．8％（55／58）,P＞0．05;发现异常核型10例,异常检出率为7．8％（10／126）;三体为主要的染色体异常,占异常核型的40％（4／10）,其中21三体占30％（3／10）,性染色体数目异常及平衡易位各1例,4例INV9;畸胎为指征的异常核型检出率高达33．3％（2／6）;发现1例单卵双胎妊娠两胎均为21三体儿;高龄为指征占成功产前诊断的46．3％（60／126）,检出异常核型3例,检出率5％（3／60）。结论：在有产前诊断指征的孕妇中,胎儿染色体异常核型的发生率为7．8％,三本仍是妊娠中期主要的异常核型,结合B超筛查及定位的羊膜腔穿刺术在产前诊断仍占有不可代替的重要作用。