No evidence for significant association between GABA receptor genes in chromosome 15q11–q13 and autism in a Japanese population

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor genes GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 located on chromosome 15q11–q13 have been major candidates for susceptibility genes for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. In this study, we first investigated the association between the GABA receptor genes and autism in a Japanese population by analyzing 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Intron 3 of GABRB3 was densely mapped because the previous studies observed the association of the microsatellite 155CA-2 located in the region. We observed no significant difference in allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions of the 11 SNPs between patients and controls. A permutation test showed no significant global differences in estimated haplotype frequencies between patients and controls. Analysis after confining the subjects to males showed similar results. Thus, this study provides no positive evidence of an association between the GABA receptor genes and autism in a Japanese population. However, in a SNP (rs3212337) located near the microsatellite 155CA-2, a significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed in patients (p = 0.029, corrected for multiple testing). This finding may suggest further studies around the markers for more definitive conclusions.     

69,XXY伴严重生长迟缓及眼球突出病例的产前诊断

目的分析孕中期血清筛查数据和胎儿彩色多普勒与染色体异常之间的关系。方法对一孕中期血清产前筛查18三体风险1:10,血清Free-hCGβ异常减低(值为1.29ng/ml即0.08MOM),胎儿系统结构检查提示胎儿小于孕周,头腹围比(1.63)大于正常(1.25),上唇连续性中断延至鼻底的孕妇进行羊膜腔穿刺,抽取羊水进行细胞遗传学检查。结果羊水细胞染色体核型:69,XXY。结论中孕期妇女血清Free-hCGβ异常减低和胎儿头胸围发育不同步、胎儿唇腭裂提示胎儿染色体畸变可能,血清和超声联合筛查有助于染色体疾病的检出。     

Pure familial 6q21q22.1 duplication in two generations

Familial transmissions of unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities are rare. We report here the first case of a maternally inherited pure partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 6 [46,XX,dup(6)(q21q22.1)mat]. The proband was referred for karyotyping as she presented intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), moderate mental retardation and facial dysmorphism. Molecular cytogenetics analysis with various BACs showed a duplication of 5-10 Mb between 6q21 and 6q22.1. The proband's mother was found to have the same chromosome abnormality and a similar phenotype, but less severe dysmorphism. This variability in clinical findings between generations may have several causes, including attenuation with aging, imprinting or mosaicism. Only three other cases of pure partial 6q duplication similar to that of our case have been reported. The available information for all four cases was used to refine the karyotype-phenotype correlations for duplications of the 6q21q22 segment.     

保定地区145例染色体异常患者细胞遗传学分析

目的研究不良孕产史、智力低下、不孕不育等疾病的细胞遗传学原因。探讨细胞遗传学检查与优生关系的临床意义。方法采用外周血淋巴细胞培养技术、G显带、每例患者镜下分别计数30个核型,分析核型3~5个,对异常者加倍计数和分析,并按《人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制(ISCN)》的标准命名。结果145例异常核型中,总异常率21.11%。其中不良孕产史检出率8.53%;不孕不育检出率25%;男性少精子或无精子症检出率54.02%;性发育异常检出率31.81%;智力低下发育异常检出率55.84%。结论染色体异常是不良孕产史和不孕不育、智力低下、多发畸形、性发育异常等疾病的重要原因之一,染色体核型分析可以明确病因,指导临床诊断、治疗。     

Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma with prominent follicular colonization with deletion of chromosome 13

Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma is a rare type of malignant lymphoma and appears to be heterogeneous. Here we report a 60-year-old woman with stage I splenic type of nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma with prominent follicular colonization. She was treated only by radiation therapy, and remained free of disease on examination for 4 years. The lymph node cells showed an abnormal chromosome of deletion 13, although neither bone marrow cells nor peripheral blood cells demonstrated the same abnormal chromosome. This type of chromosomal abnormality has not been previously reported and may be related to good prognosis in the present case.     

Interlaboratory assessment of mitotic index by flow cytometry confirms superior reproducibility relative to microscopic scoring

A flow cytometric procedure for determining mitotic index (MI) as part of the metaphase chromosome aberrations assay, developed and utilized routinely at Pfizer as part of their standard assay design, has been adopted successfully by Covance laboratories. This method, using antibodies against phosphorylated histone tails (H3PS10) and nucleic acid stain, has been evaluated by the two independent test sites and compared to manual scoring. Primary human lymphocytes were treated with cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, benzo(a)pyrene, and etoposide at concentrations inducing dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. Deming regression analysis indicates that the results generated via flow cytometry (FCM) were more consistent between sites than those generated via microscopy. Further analysis using the Bland–Altman modification of the Tukey mean difference method supports this finding, as the standard deviations (SDs) of differences in MI generated by FCM were less than half of those generated manually. Decreases in scoring variability owing to the objective nature of FCM, and the greater number of cells analyzed, make FCM a superior method for MI determination. In addition, the FCM method has proven to be transferable and easily integrated into standard genetic toxicology laboratory operations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

青春期Turner综合征22例临床特点与治疗现状分析

目的探讨青春期Turner综合征的临床特点与治疗现状。方法分析2009年1月至2011年6月在我院诊断的年龄11至18岁青春期Turner综合征的临床表现,实验室及影像学检查及治疗现状。结果 1.22例患儿均以性腺不发育或无月经初潮为主诉而就诊,而就诊时已有8至14年生长迟缓或停滞病史均未引起家长重视。2.染色体X单体11例(50%),嵌合体6例(27.3%),等臂体5例(23.7%)。3.性激素水平只有1例E2、FSH、LH均降低外,其余21例为E2降低,而FSH LH明显升高。4.骨龄全部落后。5.B超盆腔1例轻度发育呈青春早期外,21例子宫卵巢均发育不良。6.14例骨龄小于12岁的患儿2例接受短期生长激素治疗,8例骨龄大于12岁患儿,1例接受短期性激素替代治疗。结论 Turn-er综合征青春期儿童以性腺不发育或无月经初潮为主要症状,无青春期生长加速;染色体检查有诊断意义,核型分型与其他年龄组一致;性激素水平、骨龄、B超盆腔有重要诊断价值,治疗现状不容乐观。     

116例绒毛细胞培养法制备染色体与核型分析

目的探讨培养法制备绒毛染色体在产前诊断与分析自然流产病因中的价值。方法对21例经腹穿刺绒毛标本与95例自然流产绒毛标本以培养法制备染色体核型并分析。结果腹穿绒毛培养成功率95.2%,检出5例异常;自然流产绒毛培养成功率92.6%,异常核型检出率48.9%,以常染色体三体与X单体多见。结论绒毛细胞培养法技术稳定、结果可靠,可用于胎儿染色体病的产前诊断与自然流产病因分析。     

染色体多态性与ART妊娠结局的临床分析

目的分析染色体多态性对生育功能的影响,探讨其与ART妊娠结局的关系。方法回顾性调查分析珠海市妇幼保健院2009年至2010年生殖中心行IVF-ET共1607例患者的染色体核型及其临床资料,研究其ART妊娠情况。结果 1607例生殖异常患者中,检出染色体正常核型1563例(97.3%),ART妊娠877例,妊娠率为56.1%,流产113例,流产率为12.9%;检出染色体多态性核型37例(2.3%),ART临床妊娠20例,妊娠率为54.1%,流产2例,流产率为10.0%。结论染色体正常组与染色体多态性组ART的妊娠率及流产率的差异无显著性统计学意义,染色体多态性患者不影响ART妊娠结局。     

荧光原位杂交产前诊断染色体异常的临床应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）产前诊断染色体数目异常的临床应用价值。方法对327例产前诊断孕妇的羊水进行FISH检测和染色体核型分析,将二者结果进行对照。结果 FISH检测均获得诊断结果,发现4例异常胎儿。3例为21-三体,1例为18-三体。与核型分析比较,除核型中1例46,XY[42]/47,XY,＋8[12]嵌合体外,其余样本结果二者均一致。结论 FISH技术能够快速准确检测染色体数目异常,有较大临床应用价值。与传统核型分析相结合,可提高产前诊断的准确性和成功率。