关节镜下四股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的　探讨关节镜下应用四股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带的方法及疗效。方法　对 2 3例前十字韧带 (ACL )损伤患者行关节镜下四股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱 ACL重建术 ,均取自同侧 ,将两股肌腱分别对折组成 4股 ,编织后预牵张 ,等长点部位钻胫骨骨道、股骨骨道 ,将肌腱拉入骨道 ,分别在屈膝 90°和伸膝位分别将两肌腱收紧 ,两端可吸收扣栓固定。合并损伤同期处理。结果　术后随访 3月～ 4年 ,平均 2 6月。术后 4周关节活动均达正常范围 ,术后抽屉试验除 4例 I度外 ,余 19例均阴性 ;L ysholm评分 ,术后 72～ 10 0分 ,平均 89分 ,较术前 5 4分明显提高 ;Tegner运动评级术后 4～ 8级 ,平均 6级 ,较术前平均 3级有所提高。结论　关节镜下四股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带 ,可吸收扣栓固定 ,是治疗 ACL断裂的较好方法。     

In vivo phosphorus polarization transfer and decoupling from protons in three-dimensional localized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain

Refocused insensitive nucleus enhancement by polarization transfer (RINEPT) from protons (¹H) to a J-coupled phosphorus (³¹P) has been incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) chemical-shift-imaging (CSI) sequence on a clinical imager. The technique is demonstrated on a phantom and in in vivo human brain. The polarization-transfer efficiency (～1.2) is lower than the theoretical maximum of γ¹H/γ³¹P≈ 2.4 resulting from ¹H-¹H homonuclear J couplings of similar magnitude competing with the ¹H →³¹P transfer. Nevertheless, compared with direct ³¹P Ernst-angle excitation, signal gains of up to × 1.8 were obtained mainly as a result of T¹ differences between ³¹P and the ¹H. Spectral interpretation is simplified by editing out all non-proton-coupled ³¹P signals. The duration, ～50 min, and power deposition, ～1 W · kg^?1, make the application suitable for human studies.     

基因治疗帕金森病的实验研究

本研究把Ⅰ型人酪氨酸羟化酶(human tyrosine hydroxylase type Ⅰ;HTH_1)cDNA连接到逆转录病毒载体LNSX上,构建成真核表达载体 LNSHTH_1,然后通过in vivo途径转染帕金森病模型鼠的纹状体细胞。外源的HTH_1基因在宿主脑内得到了表达,并使其病理行为改善约70％。这种新的基因治疗帕金森病的方式,有其独特的优越性。     

萍乡地区空气污染型氟中毒的氟化物转移特点

为探讨萍乡地区空气污染型氟中毒的氟化物转移特点，对萍乡地区环境地质进行了调查，并对土壤及水中氟化物进行测定，结果显示该地区环境地质背景类似于半湿润富铁铝地球化学环境，中性和酸性土壤氟化物聚集区，由于该地区的地质特点形成氟化物富集的土壤，这正是当地居民拌煤和烧制砖瓦的主要原料，煤和土壤在燃烧过程中排出大量氟化物，污染空气水和食物等，危害人群的健康，引起氟中毒。     

冷冻异体手指复合组织移植再造拇指200指

对１９７例拇指Ⅲ～Ⅳ级缺失者，采用自体姆甲瓣游离移植包裹冷冻异体手指的复合组织（骨、关节、肌腱、腱鞘）再造拇指２００指。笔者认为冷冻能降低异休手指组织的抗原性，术前、后不用抑制排异反应的制剂与激素，无急性排异反应发生。手术成功率９６．４％，异体手指存活率９１．５％。术后３个月感觉恢复，测定对掌功能１４４例，优良率为９１．６％。平均随访时间４年５个月，部分病例远期出现异体骨吸收及关节变性，可能与骨片未镶嵌好，术后活动过早及慢性排异有关；但主要是移植组织未及时恢复神经血管的营养支配有关。为此取■甲瓣时内附着趾关节２块骨片，挖去异体指骨内骨髓，植入自体新鲜红骨髓及松质骨，有利于血管长入异体骨及促进宿主对其爬行替代。提出合理设计供足阳趾胫侧的保留皮瓣，尽量维持趾长度，供皮瓣区中厚皮片植皮，保存第１背侧跖骨肌及跗内外侧血管及足背皮神经，可减少足的并发症。     

高原牧区犏牛胚胎移植技术的应用研究

2000年在海拔3，400m的青海省大同县对当地犏牛、黄牛进行了胚胎移植，移植受胎率44．4％。尤其是犏牛胚胎移植首获成功，是牛胚胎移植技术应用领域的新进展，为不同牛种胚胎移植成功提供了宝贵的科学经验。     

In vivo gene transfer: focus on the kidney

Renal gene transfer techniques are being developed as a novelexperimental approach to understand the pathogenesis of renaldisease and to potentially develop new therapeutic tools. Wereview the currently available technology to introduce foreigngenetic material into renal tissue, i.e., retroviral, adenoviral,and liposomal transfer systems with their respective advantagesand caveats. Today, the transfer efficiency of these methodsappears to be sufficiently high to study the effects of transducedgenes on renal function and morphology in rat kidney. This willallow (i) the elucidation of the function of genes on the courseof renal disease in experimental animal models and (ii) themodulation of local expression of endogenous genes which presumptivelycontribute to renal pathology in these models. One strategyto accomplish this aim is the use of recombinant DNA technologyto design antisense DNA constructs or oligonucleotides, whichinterfere with the renal expression of target genes. We willalso discuss some of the shortcomings of the currently usedtechniques with respect to potential therapeutic use of genetransfer systems and gene modulation.     

预变神经段修复神经缺损的实验研究

目的探讨不同预变时间组移植神经对神经再生的影响。方法以ＳＤ大鼠的不同预变时间组的尺神经作为移植神经，修复其正中神经的缺损。实验侧按移植神经预变时间的不同分为０、１、２、３、４、８周共６组，每组６只ＳＤ大鼠。移植后１２周，检测实验侧趾屈肌群的张力、最大收缩力、再生神经的形态及神经轴突的截面积。结果用预变１周的尺神经修复正中神经后，其趾屈肌群的张力及最大收缩力的恢复率达到正常对照组的８１．１％及８５．９％。显微镜下观察，预变１周组和其它各时间组相比，其再生的神经轴突最多，发育最成熟。结论用预变１周的神经段修复神经缺损，其神经再生能力最佳     

Interactions between the genetic transfer-inhibiting systems finU and finV in polyplasmid complexes ofEscherichia coli K-12 cells

The inhibition of conjugative transfer of derepressed plasmids was appreciably increased in polyplasmid complexes ofEscherichia coli K-12 cells containing two repressed conjugative plasmids with the finV system of genetic transfer regulation, in comparison with the individual effects of each of the two plasmids. Combination of two plasmids with the finU system or of plasmids with the finU and finV systems did not result in such an increase of inhibitory activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 619–622, December, 1995 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Pulsed magnetization transfer spin-echo MR imaging

Cross relaxation between macromolecular protons and water protons is known to be important in biologic tissue. In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences, selective saturation of the characteristically short T2 macromolecular proton pool can produce contrast called magnetization transfer contrast, based on the cross-relaxation process. Selective saturation can be achieved with continuous wave irradiation several kilohertz off resonance or short, intense 0° pulses on resonance. The authors analyze 0° binomial pulses for T2 selective saturation, present design guidelines, and demonstrate the use of these pulses in spin-echo imaging sequences in healthy volunteers and patients. Using the phenomenologic Bloch equations modified for two-site exchange, the authors derive the analytic expressions for water proton relaxation under periodic pulsed saturation of the macromolecular protons. This relaxation is shown to be monoexpo-nential, with a rate constant dependent on the saturation pulse repetition rate and the individual and cross-relaxation rates.