Voiding patterns in men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms combined with nocturia

AIM: We evaluated differences between men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) combined with nocturia. METHODS: A total of 71 age-matched female-male pairs (median 58, range 20-81 years) who had moderate to severe LUTS and nocturia of more than once per night were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: In the younger group (<50 years), the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) results of the sexes were not significantly different. However, although total I-PSS results in the elderly group (> or =50 years) were not significantly different, quality of life index scores for women were higher (P = 0.002). On frequency-volume (FV) charts, mean total daytime voided volume (DVV) was significantly higher in younger men than in younger women (P = 0.017), but the mean nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) for women was higher than that for men (P = 0.047). However, maximum DVV (P = 0.009), mean DVV (P < 0.0001), total DVV (P < 0.0001), and mean nocturnal urine volume (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in elderly men than in elderly women. However, numbers of daytime voids were not different. CONCLUSION: Elderly women with LUTS have lower functional bladder capacities than elderly men, as suggested by their smaller mean voided volumes. However, no significant differences were observed between numbers of daytime voids, which was probably due to the smaller total daytime voided volumes of elderly women. In addition, although NPi for younger women and nocturnal urine volume for elderly men was higher, no other differences were observed in terms of other night-time parameters.     

经皮双针囊内注射类固醇治疗小儿孤立性骨囊肿

目的探讨经皮双针囊内注射类固醇治疗小儿孤立性骨囊肿的疗效. 方法 1996年1月～2004年1月,对28例小儿孤立性骨囊肿,在X线透视下,将2根细的骨穿针或腰穿针分别自囊腔顶部和底部刺入骨囊肿内,抽去囊液,冲洗囊腔后注入类固醇. 结果 27例随访10～62个月,平均28个月,无并发症发生.根据Chigira等X线骨囊肿愈合评价标准,Ⅳ级20例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅱ例1例,Ⅰ级1例,治愈率92.6%(25/27).25例骨囊腔愈合时间3～10个月,平均4.5个月. 结论经皮双针囊腔内注射类固醇适合于小儿孤立性骨囊肿,简单,安全,治愈率高.     

多根骨圆针内固定治疗踝关节开放爆裂骨折7例

目的:探讨和分析手术方法治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的临床效果。方法:36例儿童,男28例,女8例;年龄4~14岁,平均9岁。按Bado分类法:Ⅰ型(伸直型)19例,Ⅱ型(屈曲型)9例,Ⅲ型(内收型)5例,Ⅳ型(特殊型)3例。根据不同病情分别行单纯切开复位治疗19例,尺骨截骨治疗10例,尺骨延长术治疗7例。结果:36例术后随访1~5年,平均3.5年,根据朱玉奎等评定标准,本组优24例,良6例,可3例,差3例,优良率83%。结论:恢复并维持正确的肱桡关系是手术后取得良好效果的关键,环状韧带可以不行修补或重建。     

黔东少数民族儿童行为问题与父母教养方式研究

目的探讨西部少数民族儿童行为问题及其与父母养育方式的关系,为少数民族地区开展心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)和儿童抚养行为问卷(CRPR)对415名苗族、土家族和侗族儿童进行调查。结果行为问题检出率为29.63%,其中男童为29.94%,女童为29.25%。男童检出率较高的因子为强迫、抑郁、交往不良、分裂样,女童检出率较高的因子为抑郁、分裂样强迫、多动。男童行为问题的绝大多数因子与父母的拒绝、惩罚定向呈显著的正相关,女童行为问题的多数因子与父母的拒绝呈显著正相关。结论黔东地区少数民族儿童行为问题显著高于全国水平,父母教养方式影响儿童的行为问题。     

间接免疫荧光法检测婴幼儿急性下呼吸道合胞病毒感染的特异性IgM

本文对1984年1～3月和1985年3～8月共107例急性下呼吸道感染的住院患儿,采用间接免疫荧光法检测其急性期血清抗RSV特异性IgM抗体,并与病毒分离和/或中和试验比较,敏感性为82.1％,特异性为71.8％。RSV感染患儿发病后3天内大多数病例即可从血清中检测出RSV-IgM,因此该法具有早期诊断价值。     

伴ADHD的对立违抗性障碍儿童行为特征分析

目的：了解伴注意缺陷／多动障碍(ADHD)的对立违抗性障碍(0DD)患儿的行为特征。方法：以ICD-10作为诊断标准对门诊就诊儿童进行诊断，得到ODD伴ADHD者40例(64.52％)．ODD不伴ADHD者22例(35．48％)。自编家庭情况调查表调查患儿的基本情况。用家长填Achenbach儿章行为量表评定儿童行为。结果：与ODD组相比。合并ADHD组的家长更多对患儿经常打骂和严厉管教：对儿童的不良行为更多地采取打骂的方式。合并组父亲急燥易怒者比ODD组多；合并组起病年龄及就诊年龄比ODD组早：合并组在CBCI。思维、注意问题，违纪、攻击行为，外化性问题，行为总分均高于ODD组。结论：ODD合并ADHD的患儿在思维、注意问题，违纪、攻击行为，外化性问题方面表现更突出，家长对儿童管教方式及不良行为处理方式影响ODD的发生。提示要注重ODD、ADHD的早期干预。     

Impairment of schedule-controlled behavior by pre- and postnatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene in rats

 Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is still frequently found at elevated levels in human adipose tissue and breast milk. As intoxication with HCB causes neurological disturbance in human beings, the purpose of the present study was to examine neurobehavioral functions in rats after pre- and postnatal exposure. Female rats were fed diets with 0, 4, 8, or 16 mg HCB/kg diet. Exposure started 90 days prior to mating and was continued throughout mating, gestation, and lactation. Thereafter, the offspring were given the same diets as their respective mothers. HCB levels were determined in the brain, the liver, and in the adipose tissue from virgin rats, dams, and the offspring. Concentrations on a lipid basis were found to decline in the order adipose>liver>brain. The exposure levels chosen did not cause gross toxic effects in dams or offspring. There were dose-related increases in liver-to-body-weight ratios in exposed dams, but not in unmated females treated alike. Behavioral testing was conducted in the offspring. Examination of open-field activity on PND 21, and of active avoidance learning on PND 90 failed to reveal significant differences between groups. Training of operant behavior started at the age of 150 days in the offspring from the control, the 8-mg group, and the 16-mg group. Animals were trained on a fixed interval schedule of 1 min (FI-1). On this schedule, responses were reinforced by a food pellet every time 1 min had elapsed after the preceding reinforcement. There were dose-dependent reductions in the post-reinforcement pause, e.g. the time between each reinforcement and the first reaction emitted after it. In addition, the index of curvature, which describes the efficiency of performance on the FI-1 schedule, was decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Received: 12 April 1994 / Accepted: 26 June 1995