氯化镉的体外毒性及锌的拮抗作用

目的观察镉与锌体外对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(V79)增殖的影响,初步探讨镉毒性机制。方法采用MTT法及3H-TdR掺入法,研究不同浓度氯化镉(CdCl2)单独或与生理浓度氯化锌(ZnCl2,10 μmol/L)同时染毒对V79细胞增殖的影响,并采用等离子体光谱仪测定细胞内Cd2 、Zn2 含量。结果 CdCl2对于V79细胞的增殖有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性.采用MTT法和3H-TdR掺入法所得CdCl2染毒24 h后50%抑制浓度(IC50)分别为13.73 μmol/L和13.60 μmol/L.随着CdCl2染毒浓度的增加,细胞内Cd2 含量也增加.而同时给予锌则对镉的增殖抑制效应在一定程度上具有明显的拮抗作用,锌可使细胞内Cd2 含量降低。结论在本实验条件下,CdCl2对V79细胞增殖具有抑制作用,锌对镉的毒性有拮抗作用。     

ICP-MS测定香芍软胶囊中砷 汞 铅 镉 铜的含量

目的：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定香芍软胶囊（XSSC）囊心物中砷、汞、铅、镉、铜的含量。方法：样品经微波消解，以Re为内标，以茶叶、圆白菜标准物质为质控，采用ICP-MS测定上述5种元素。结果：对于所测5种元素，标准曲线的相关系数r〉0．9996，回收率为95．8-101．6％，RSD〈5．8％。结论：本测定方法快捷、准确、灵敏度高，适用于XSSC囊心物中上述5种元素的同时测定。     

Effect of Cd on Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloys under Different Multi-Stage Solution Heat Treatment

Multi-stage heat treatment is an important method to improve the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg aluminum alloys. In this paper, the multi-stage heat treatment was carried out for the Cd-free and Cd-containing alloys. The experimental results show that the addition of Cd promoted the precipitation of Q″ and θ″, which led to the formation of a large number of fine, dispersed precipitates and a higher yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for the Cd-containing alloys. The addition of Cd also altered the optimal heat treatment parameters. For the Cd-free alloys, the Cu-rich phase fully dissolved after three-stage heat treatment, and the YS and UTS of the three-stage heat-treated alloys were higher than their two-stage heat-treated counterparts. For the Cd-containing alloys, the three-stage heat treatment led to the precipitation of Cd-rich low melting point phases, caused defects, and reduced the mechanical properties of the alloy. The size and volume fractions of the precipitates were significantly less than those of the alloys after two-stage heat treatment and the strength of the alloys decreased. Therefore, the solution time should be strictly controlled for Cd-containing Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys.     

泡沫塔处理含镉废水连续稳态操作的数学模型

用泡沫分离技术脱除废水中镉离子,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)为捕集剂,得到了连续稳态操作流程的适宜操作参数:在料液pH值4.0,LAS64 ppm,料液在塔内停留时间20 min以上,气体流率为250 mL/min,进料量4～8L/h,进料口高度30cm时,镉的脱除率可达99.9%以上。根据实验数据,建立了具有轴向扩散的全塔浓度分布的数学模型。     

Studies of Cd,Zn and Cu levels in human kidney tumours and normal kidney

Summary The distribution of Cd, Zn and Cu was analyzed in nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosol cellular fractions of renal tumours and normal surrounding kidney tissues by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The normal kidney tissues were separated into cortical and medullary parts. A significant decrease of the Cd-levels was found in all cellular fractions from normal kidney to tumour tissues (hypernephroma). The Zn values varied strongly. We noted a slight decrease of Zn levels in renal tumour. The Cu concentration in the nucleus of kidney tumours was significantly increased.     

Chemical modifications of metallothionein, II. Metabolic fate of cadmium bound to metallothionein polymers

The factors which determine the deposition of cadmium (Cd) were investigated. While intravenously administered Cd2+ salts result in Cd2+ binding loosely to plasma proteins, and subsequently being deposited in the liver, Cd complexed with metallothionein remains tightly bound during glomerular filtration, and most of the dose of Cd is deposited in the kidney. 2 Different chemically crosslinked polymers of MT have been prepared. Cadmium bound to these polymers remains in circulation longer than any other known form of the metal, and the reticuloendothelial system plays a part in its clearance. Using these species, mechanisms of distribution and metabolism of Cd-protein complexes are discussed.     

Comparison of Two Different Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy With Vaginal Extraction Techniques—A Single-Center Experience

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the results of standard laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with vaginal extraction (SLDN-VE) and laparoendoscopic single-site donor nephrectomy with vaginal extraction (LESSDN-VE).

Blood and urinary levels of metals and metalloids in the general adult population of Northern France: The IMEPOGE study, 2008–2010

Background

The assessment of human chemical risks related to occupational or environmental exposure to pollutants requires the use of both accurate exposure indicators and reference values. The objective of this study was to evaluate the blood and urinary levels of various metals and metalloids in a sample of adults aged 20–59 years of the general population of Northern France, a formerly heavily industrialised area that retains some industrial activity.

不同产地不同种类重楼药材重金属元素的含量测定及分析

目的:分析测定不同产地不同种类的重楼药材中的重金属含量,为重楼种植地区的选择和其重金属元素限量标准提供参考。方法:从云南省10个产地收集8种共39份重楼药材样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定重楼药材中的重金属砷(As),铜(Cu),汞(Hg),镉(Cd),铅(Pb),铬(Cr)的含量,采用聚类分析,统计分析和主成分分析不同产地和种类对重金属含量累积特征进行分析。结果:六种重金属含量均符合《中医药-中药材重金属限量》ISO国际标准;按《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》限量值标准,As,Cd,Pb的超标率为15. 4%,5. 1%,2. 6%,Cu,Hg均符合相关要求。聚类分析,主成分分析可将样品按产地分为大理和昭通两类,统计分析结果表明产地对重金属含量的影响极显著,不同品种间差异较小。结论:该研究结果表明云南省各产区种植重楼的重金属含量基本符合相关标准,重楼药材的重金属含量差异主要表现为地域差异,为规范化种植重楼药材和其重金属含量限量标准的制定提供了理论依据。