中药指纹图谱与灵芝质量标准研究方法

中药指纹图谱是中药现代化关键问题之一。根据国内外中草药指纹图谱研究进展,概述了指纹图谱建立中各项技术及应用,讨论了建立灵芝指纹图谱的一般策略和方法,指出建立指纹图谱过程中应该注意的问题,阐明了各项技术在灵芝指纹图谱的研究中的应用现状,并对前景进行了分析。分析了建立灵芝指纹图谱的基本思路,为其建立质量控制标准奠定了基础。     

臭氧水消毒器对微生物杀灭效果的试验观察

目的：观察臭氧水消毒器产生臭氧水的杀菌效果。方法：采用悬液定量和载体定量杀菌试验进行检测。结果：该机产生含臭氧4．20mg／L的水溶液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌作用5min的杀灭率均为100％；当菌液中含有10％蛋白胨时，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌作用5min的杀灭率分别为55．67％、59．48％和37．44％。用消毒液流动浸泡载体定量杀菌试验，含臭氧4．20mg／L的水溶液作用30min对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的平均杀灭率分别为99．95％、99．99％和96．94％。结论：该臭氧水消毒器产生的臭氧水具有一定消毒效果。     

含氯复方消毒剂杀灭微生物效果的试验观察

目的:了解含氯复方消毒剂杀菌效果、稳定性及腐蚀性。方法:应用载体定量杀菌试验与金属腐蚀性试验。结果:以含有效氯2000mg/L的该消毒剂对布片上枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢作用20min,含有效30mg/L的该溶液对布片上金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作用10min和3min,含有效氯20mg/L的该溶液对白色念珠菌作用10min,杀灭率均为100%。含有效氯1500mg/L的该消毒剂溶液对不锈钢片上乙型肝炎表面抗原作用30min,可将其抗原性破坏。含有效氯2000ml/L的消毒剂溶液对不锈钢无腐蚀,对铝、铜有轻度腐蚀,对碳钢有中度腐蚀。结论:含氯复方消毒剂具有高效杀菌作用,对金属有腐蚀性。     

复方白鲜皮洗剂抗菌实验

目的:探讨复方白鲜皮洗剂的体外抗菌作用.方法:以临床妇科常见致病菌为受试菌,采用连续倍比稀释法,观察复方白鲜皮洗剂的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度.结果:复方白鲜皮洗剂的MIC和MBC分别为白色念珠菌12.5%和25.0%(ml/ml),金黄色葡萄球菌12.5%和25.0%(ml/ml),绿脓杆菌均为6.25%(ml/ml).结论:复方白鲜皮洗剂对白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌有一定的抑菌和杀菌作用.     

260株念珠菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

目的探讨引起医院感染常见酵母样真菌种类及其耐药性特点,为临床感染性疾病提供病原学诊断和合理使用抗真菌药物的依据. 方法采集2 680份住院患者标本分离培养,分离出酵母样真菌260株,采用科码嘉念珠菌显色培养基(CHRO-Magar)培养,API-20CAUX酵母样真菌鉴定试条进行鉴定;念珠菌药敏试条(ATB-Fungus)进行念珠菌药敏试验. 结果 260株酵母样真菌以念珠菌为主,其中白色念珠菌155株(59.6%),热带念珠菌51株(19.6%),克柔念珠菌27株(10.3%),光滑念珠菌11株(4.2%);白色念珠菌对两性霉素B(AMB)、5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)、制霉菌素(NYS)、酮康唑(KTC)、益康唑(ECO)、咪康唑(MTC)、氟康唑(FLC)的耐药率分别为9.0%、5.8%、10.3%、43.0%、40.9%、43.7%、9.0%;热带念珠菌分别为3.9%、9.8%、19.0%、 61.9%、57.1%、61.9%、21.4%;克柔念珠菌为14.8%、14.8%、14.8%、14.8%、25.0%、25.0%、16.6%;光滑念珠菌为0.0、0.0、36.6%、18.1%、36.6%、36.3%、66.6%. 结论目前引起我院患者真菌感染的念珠菌仍以白色念珠菌为主,其次是热带念珠菌及克柔念珠菌,这些念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑、制霉菌素较敏感,对酮康唑、益康唑、咪康唑产生了较强的耐药性.     

臭氧·紫外线器械消毒柜消毒效果与影响因素的实验研究

目的探讨臭氧*紫外线消毒柜的机器性能和消毒效果与影响因素. 方法按卫生部<消毒技术规范>测定开机不同时间消毒柜中臭氧浓度、工作环境空气中臭氧浓度和消毒柜中臭氧残留浓度,以及消毒柜对不同微生物的杀灭效果. 结果按消毒柜自动程序开机20min柜内臭氧浓度达253.69mg/m3,柜中平均紫外线照射强度为1 862μW/cm2;消毒柜开机工作35min对不锈钢载体上金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌杀灭率达100%;开机40min对不锈钢载体上枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞杀灭率达100%,对染于手术剪和镊子上的金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭率达99.99%,消毒效果可靠而且安全. 结论肯格王牌臭氧*紫外线消毒柜容量大、自动、安全、消毒效果可靠、适用范围广泛的医疗器械消毒产品.     

146株念珠菌的分布及药敏结果分析

目的对临床送检标本分离出的念珠菌,进行细菌分布及药敏结果分析,为临床用药提供依据. 方法按常规方法转种培养,经涂片染色,发现孢子或菌丝者转种法国科玛嘉显色培养基进行分纯,用法国生物梅里埃公司VITEK-32细菌仪专用YBC卡鉴定,用ATB Fungus进行耐药监测,其中氟康唑用纸片扩散法进行监测. 结果分离出念珠菌 146株,以白色念珠菌最为多见,其次是光滑念珠菌;药敏结果敏感率由高到低为:两性霉素B 87.7%、氟康唑87.7%、5-氟胞嘧啶84.3%、制菌霉素72.6%、益康唑17.8%、咪康唑15.0%、酮康唑14.4%. 结论念珠菌感染中以白色念珠菌最为多见,药敏结果显示氟康唑、氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B敏感性高;对送检标本及时进行真菌培养和药敏试验,合理使用抗生素和抗真菌药,减少多重耐药和深部真菌感染的发生.     

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning,Washington, USA, 2011

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning is a gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of bivalves contaminated with dinophysistoxins. We report an illness cluster in the United States in which toxins were confirmed in shellfish from a commercial harvest area, leading to product recall. Ongoing surveillance is needed to prevent similar illness outbreaks.     

Intraspecific 16S rRNA gene diversity among clinical isolates of Neisseria species

In the present work, nearly the entire 16S rRNA gene sequences of 46 clinical samples of Neisseria spp. were determined, and the aligned sequences were analyzed to investigate the diversity of 16S rRNA genes in each commensal Neisseria species. Two 16S rRNA types were identified in two Neisseria sicca strains, three 16S rRNA types in five Neisseria macacae strains, fourteen 16S rRNA types in twenty Neisseria flavescens isolates, and fourteen 16S rRNA types in nineteen Neisseria mucosa isolates. The number of nucleotides that were different between 16S rRNA sequences within specie ranged from 1 to 15. We found high intraspecific sequence variation in 16S rRNA genes of Neisseria spp. strains.     

Screening for Candida auris in patients admitted to eight intensive care units in England, 2017 to 2018

Background Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen associated with bloodstream, wound and other infections, especially in critically ill patients. C. auris carriage is persistent and is difficult to eradicate from the hospital environment.AimWe aimed to pilot admission screening for C. auris in intensive care units (ICUs) in England to estimate prevalence in the ICU population and to inform public health guidance.MethodsBetween May 2017 and April 2018, we screened admissions to eight adult ICUs in hospitals with no previous cases of C. auris, in three major cities. Swabs were taken from the nose, throat, axilla, groin, perineum, rectum and catheter urine, then cultured and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Patient records were linked to routine ICU data to describe and compare the demographic and health indicators of the screened cohort with a national cohort of ICU patients admitted between 2016 and 2017.ResultsAll C. auris screens for 921 adults from 998 admissions were negative. The upper confidence limit of the pooled prevalence across all sites was 0.4%. Comparison of the screened cohort with the national cohort showed it was broadly similar to the national cohort with respect to demographics and co-morbidities.ConclusionThese findings imply that C. auris colonisation among patients admitted to ICUs in England is currently rare. We would not currently recommend widespread screening for C. auris in ICUs in England. Hospitals should continue to screen high-risk individuals based on local risk assessment.