CT导引胸部穿刺活检

目的：评估ＣＴ导引经胸壁穿刺活检的方法学和临床价值。材料和方法：１９９４年２月至１９９７年１０月对５５例患者进行了ＣＴ经胸壁穿刺活检，其中肺内病变４３例，胸膜病变５例，纵隔病变６例，肺和胸膜同时病变１例；２５例行细胞学和病理组织学检查，余３０蚝病理组织检查。结果：所有５５例患者ＣＴ导引下均穿刺到位，并获得细胞学和组织学材料；细胞学检查符合率６０％，病理组织学检查符合率８７．５％，其中３５例肿瘤患者     

CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, efficacy, and complications of CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy for treating inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and methods

Twenty one patients were included in this prospective study. The median age was 72.6 years (57-85). Tumors were treated with brachytherapy that was positioned under CT-fluoroscopy. The treatment planning system (TPS) was used preoperatively to reconstruct three dimensional images of the tumor and to calculate the estimated seed number and distribution. The median matched peripheral dose (MPD) was 130 Gy (range, 100-160 Gy). All procedures were performed under local anesthesia. A follow-up CT was performed 6 weeks later and every 3 months post implantation.

Results

Follow-up period was 2-30 months. The mean diameter of the 21 lung tumors was 4.6 cm (range, 2.8-6.5 cm). The response rate of pain relief was 83.3% (10/12). The pain-free duration was 0-12 months (median: 6 months; 95% CI: 3-9 months). Overall responding rate (CR + PR) for this group of patients was 71.4%. Local tumor control rate was 85.7%. Six (28.6%) patients died as a result of primary tumor progression; thirteen (61.9%) patients died of multi-organ failure or other metastases. Two (9.5%) patients survived to follow-up. At the time of analysis, the median survival time for all patients was 10 months (95% CI: 6.6-13.4 months), with 1 year and 2 year survival rates were 42.4% and 6.5%, respectively. Median survival time for stage II, stage III, and stage IV was 20 months, 9 months, and 8 months, respectively. No major complications were observed. Minor complications (19%) included mild pneumothorax (n = 1), hemosputum (n = 1), pleural effusion (n = 1), and localized skin erythema (n = 1). None of these complications required further treatment, although hospital discharge was delayed. No ¹²⁵I seeds migrated to other tissues or organs.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy is safe, useful, less complicated and considered as a palliative treatment option for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.     

CT引导下同轴技术在胸腰椎椎体病变穿刺活检的应用

目的：评价CT引导下穿刺活检在胸腰椎病变中的应用价值。材料与方法：对15例诊断不明确的胸腰椎疾病的患者运用CT引导下经皮穿刺活检的方法进行病理诊断,其中男6例,女9例,年龄23～79岁,平均45．5岁。穿刺针为美国COOK公司ACKERMANN套管骨活检针ABC-200系列,以及COOK公司的半自动活检枪。分析穿刺活检的准确性、安全性。结果：15例均穿刺成功,15例均有手术病理结果,其中14例穿刺结果和手术结果相符,穿刺活检准确率为100％。结论：CT引导下同轴穿刺活检为一项创伤小,准确率高,并发症少的微创检查,在脊柱疾病的诊断中有很大的应用价值。     

CT辅助微创手术在新生儿自发性颅内出血中的应用

目的：观察新生儿自发性颅内出血行CT辅助微创手术治疗的效果。方法：对40例自发性颅内出血的新生儿应用CT辅助微创手术置管引流血肿进行分析总结。结果：在40例患者中,治疗良好28例（70％）,死亡6例（15％）,重残6例（15％）,全组出院患者平均随诊1年,癫痫6例,并发脑积水,语言发育迟缓,肢体活动功能障碍6例,结论：尽早施行微创手术置管引流治疗新生儿自发性颅内出血,加强综合治疗,可显著提高本病的生存量,降低死亡率及病残率,改善预后。     

MR扩散加权成像在CT引导下肺癌穿刺活检中的应用

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）在CT引导下肺癌病灶细针穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法 30例影像学诊断为肺癌住院病人,先行胸部MR平扫检查,包括DWI序列,再根据DWI图及表观扩散系数（ADC）图预定穿刺针活检靶部位,然后行CT引导下肺部病变靶区细针穿刺活检术,分析穿刺诊断正确率。结果 30例病例选择穿刺靶点时,均避开病变坏死区及肺不张或阻塞性炎症区域,而选取肿瘤实性区域进行穿刺活检。穿刺病理均确诊为肺癌,穿刺阳性率为100%。结论在CT引导下肺癌穿刺活检中,对于病灶内有坏死时,或病灶远端合并肺不张及阻塞性炎症时,术前行MRI扩散加权成像检查指导穿刺靶点的选择具有一定的应用价值。     

CT引导下肺穿刺定位装置研制

目前CT引导下的肺穿刺活检采用徒手操作,术中需多次CT扫描验证,穿刺途径的选择和穿刺的进行局限于某一个二维平面内,手术时间长,重复穿刺次率较高,患者遭受X辐射量大,并有一定的气胸、出血甚至致命的并发症。本研究设计了一款CT引导下穿刺定位装置,可以实现三维空间内自由定位,能够定量地调整穿刺角度,克服了传统定位的模糊性和不确定性;装置还提供穿刺方向的引导,同时避免人手抖动对穿刺方向造成偏差,提高穿刺成功率,减少穿刺时间和CT扫描次数。该装置小巧轻便,操作便捷,易于推广使用。     

细针穿刺定位在射频消融治疗脾功能亢进症的应用

目的：探讨细针穿刺定位技术在CT引导下冷循环射频消融（RFA）治疗肝硬化门脉高压性脾功能亢进症（脾亢）的作用和经验。方法：22例脾亢患者在CT引导下行射频消融术,术中先用定位细针穿刺脾脏,然后参照细针位置,再以射频电极穿刺脾脏,确认射频电极位置正确后进行射频消融治疗。术后复查血常规和增强CT或MR以了解血小板（PLT）的变化和脾脏的消融体积。结果：射频电极穿刺总成功率为100%,其中第1次穿刺成功18例,第2次穿刺成功4例,脾脏消融体积为（40.0±5.6）%,术后1个月PLT（105±11）×109/L,与术前PLT（45.0±9.8）×109/L相比显著增高（P〈0.05）。没有因为穿刺失误导致的严重并发症发生。结论：应用细针穿刺定位技术,可以提高脾脏射频消融中穿刺的安全性,减少穿刺相关并发症的发生,值得进一步研究和总结。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检72例临床分析

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺内周围性孤立性结节及弥漫性病变的临床价值.方法:收集2009年7月至2010年7月72例肺内周围性孤立性结节及弥漫性病变患者,行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术,获取病理结果后行相关临床治疗或随访观察.结果:64例肺内周围性孤立性结节病灶在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断为肺癌50例、结核...     

Diagnostic efficiency and complication rate of CT-guided lung biopsy: a single center experience of the procedures conducted over a 10-year period

Background  Computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic lung biopsy is a well-established technique for the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and complication rate of CT-guided lung biopsy in a Chinese population.

Methods  CT-guided cutting needle lung biopsies were performed in our institution on 1014 patients between January 2000 and October 2010. A chest radiograph was taken after the biopsy. Data about basic patient information, final diagnosis, and complications secondary to biopsy procedure (pneumothorax and bleeding) were extracted.

Results  The diagnostic efficiency of CT-guided lung biopsy was 94.8%; only 53 patients did not get a final diagnosis from lung biopsy. Final diagnoses found 639 malignant lesions (63.0%) and 322 benign lesions (31.8%). Pneumothorax occurred in 131 patients and 15 required insertion of an intercostal drain. Small hemoptysis occurred in 41 patients and mild parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 16 patients. The overall complication rate was 18.5%.

Conclusions  CT-guided cutting needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions is a relatively safe technique with a high diagnostic accuracy. It can be safely performed in clinical trials.

 

     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法:回顾112例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的患者,经病理诊断证实94例。结果:94例患者中与病理检查相吻合的肺癌86例,穿刺确诊78例,8例为良性病变。诊断灵敏度90.7%,特异度100%,诊断准确率91.5%,并发气胸8.9%,肺内出血10.7%,均自行吸收,未需特别处理。结论:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种安全、准确的诊断和鉴别诊断肺内病变的方法,具有较高的临床应用价值。