CT引导下神经根周围阻滞治疗椎间盘源性腰骶神经根痛

目的 探讨CT引导下神经根周围阻滞治疗椎间盘源性腰骶神经根痛的方法和疗效。方法 对有腰腿痛的79例腰椎间盘突出症的患者，采取CT引导下神经根周围注射皮质类固醇加局麻药，观察患者腰骶神经根痛的变化情况。结果 79例均成功完成CT引导下的神经根阻滞术，43例完成了治疗后6个月的随访，其中25例(58．1％)效果好，11例(25．6％)效果较好，7例(16．3％)效果较差。结论 CT引导下神经根周围阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症所致的腰骶神经根痛，操作方法简便、安全、有效、微创，值得临床推广。     

CT引导经皮穿刺活检术对脊柱病变的临床诊断价值

 目的   评估CT引导经皮穿刺活检对脊柱病变的临床诊断价值。方法    回顾性分析行CT引导经皮穿刺活检并经手术病理和(或)临床随访证实的127例脊柱病变的病例资料,活检部位包括颈椎5例、胸椎50例,腰椎58例、骶椎14例,所有活检标本送病理科进行组织病理学检查。所有病例通过后续手术病理和(或)临床随访确定最终诊断,以此为标准评价穿刺活检病理诊断的准确率;计算不同影像学诊断的准确率、敏感性及特异性,并与穿刺活检病理诊断相比较。结果    127例穿刺活检术活检成功率为99.21% (126/127),所有患者均未发生严重并发症。穿刺活检获得明确诊断119例(恶性病变56例,良性病变63例),7例无法明确诊断或出现阴性结果。经随访和(或)手术病理证实,最终确诊127例中良性病变67例,恶性病变60例。穿刺活检总的诊断准确率为92.06%(116/126),恶性和良性病变诊断准确率分别为93.33% (56/60)和90.91% (60/66),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.03,P=0.863);穿刺活检术前单纯CT、MRI和核医学影像检查对脊柱病变的诊断准确率分别为69.54%、68.48%和75.64%,均明显低于CT引导下穿刺活检诊断准确率。结论    CT引导下经皮脊柱穿刺活检具有安全、有效、微创、准确率高等特点,可弥补单纯影像学诊断准确率偏低的局限性,是确诊脊柱病变的良好活检方式。     

中晚期宫颈癌 CT 引导下三维插植高剂量率后装近距离放疗的临床价值

目的 探讨 CT 引导下三维插植高剂量率后装近距离放疗（HDR-ISBT）在治疗中晚期宫颈癌中的临床价值。 方法以 2011 年 12 月 1 日至 2014 年 12 月 30 日收治的 175 例中晚期宫颈癌患者为研究对象,其中 100 例行体外三维适形调强放疗（IMRT）+HDR-ISBT（A 组）,75 例行 IMRT+ 常规后装近距离放疗（B 组）,比较两组患者的疗效与不良反应。 结果 近期疗效：A 组完 全缓解（CR）95 例,部分缓解（PR）2 例,稳定（SD）1 例,进展（PD）2 例;B 组 CR 55 例,PR 10 例,SD 4 例,PD 6 例。肿瘤直径≥4cm 时,A 组有效率为 95.24%,高于 B 组的 80.00%（P=0.026）。A 组部分患者出现轻中度膀胱反应、直肠反应、骨髓毒性等近期不良反应, 但均能耐受。 结论 当宫颈癌肿瘤直径≥4cm 时,HDR-ISBT 近期疗效优于常规后装近距离放疗,不良反应轻且可耐受。     

Periradicular therapy in lumbar radicular syndromes: Methodology and results

Summary Periradicular therapy (PRT) has become popular in the treatment of lumbar radicular complaints, both primary, due to disc herniations (Group 1), and postoperative, following disc surgery (Group 2). However, hitherto repored data on periradicular injections are more of a technical nature. The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic success of CT-versus fluoroscope-guided periradicular injections of local anaesthetics and corticoids, and to investigate the impact of imaging procedures on the results. We report on 80 patients who underwent CT-guided (n=40) or fluoroscope-guided (n=40) PRT for lumbar radicular irritation since April 1993. Forty patients had primary nerve root irritation due to disc protrusion, and 40 suffered from postoperative epidural fibrosis. Follow-up consisted in a clinical examination and an interview one day after each injection as well as 1 and 6 months later. Assessment was based on a score taking into account the clinical findings, the patient's complaints, and the patient's evaluation.Six months following treatment there was a significant reduction of ischialgia in both Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). However, the results were significantly poorer in Group 2 (postoperative). Among the patients not operated on, those who underwent CT-guided injections had a significantly better outcome (p < 0.001). PRT had no significant influence on low back pain or pseudoradicular syndromes. The improvement of sensory disturbances achieved by both CT- and fluoroscope-guided injections in patients not previously submitted to surgery is statistically significant (p < 0.05). As compared to Group 1 (no surgery), the positive effects in patients of Group 2 were of significantly shorter duration (p<0.05). Motor deficits were not influenced by the treatment. Long-term follow-up shows that there is no positive effect in those patients in whom the first two PRT attempts had failed. Thus, PRT represents a useful long-term therapeutic alternative for lumbar radicular syndromes, particularly when due to primary discogenic compression. CT-guided injection is superior to fluoroscope-assisted treatment for both its visualization and its longer-lasting effect.     

Dosimetric comparison between CT-guided free-hand intracavity/interstitial adaptive brachytherapy and conventional point-A brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the dosimetric differences between CT-guided free-hand intracavity/interstitial brachytherapy[image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT)] and conventional point-A plan (CP) in the treatment of cervical cancer. Methods Twenty-six cervical cancer patients who received four cycles of IGABT in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were enrolled in this study. Two sets of CT images were obtained before and after applicator adjustment to aid in the design of CP and IGABT plans. The high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV), point A, and organs at risk (bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon) were defined on CT images. CP and IGABT plans were designed on CT images. Parameter differences between CP and IGABT plans were analyzed with paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. Results According to the coverage index (CI) of CP, plans were divided into two groups:in group A (CI≥0.90), 20 CP and corresponding IGABT plans were included, and 84 CP and corresponding IGABT plans in group B (CI<0.90). The mean volume of HRCTV and mean tumor diameter in group A were significantly smaller than those in group B (46.7 cm³ vs. 62.1 cm³, P<0.001 and 3.1 cm vs. 4.4 cm, P<0.001). Compared with CP, IGABT significantly improved the value of D90% in all plans and group B, whereas lowered the bladder dose. IGABT also reduced the dose of sigmoid colon in group A. IGABT significantly improved conformal index and dose homogeneity index. Conclusions IGABT can significantly improve the target coverage, conformal index and dose homogeneity index, protect organs at risk. Compared with CP, IGABT has advantages in the treatment of patients with bulky tumor.     

肺穿刺活检标本细胞学与组织学检查的比较分析

目的观察CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检标本的细胞病理学特征,并与组织病理学诊断结果比较分析,探讨肺穿刺标本的细胞病理学诊断在肺癌诊断及分期中的作用。方法收集425例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检标本,均经组织学明确诊断;所有病例均直接涂片,做细胞学和组织病理学检查。结果肺穿刺标本细胞病理学诊断肺癌的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率和准确性分别为86.6%(264/305)、100%(120/120)、0(0/120)、13.4%(41/305)、90.4%(384/425)。51.1%(135/264)的病例分型准确,包括77.6%(83/107)的腺癌、76.9%(40/52)的鳞癌和75.0%(9/12)的小细胞癌。结论肺穿刺标本细胞病理学诊断癌的敏感性和准确性高,并可对部分肿瘤准确分型,给临床确诊肺癌及其分期提供可靠依据。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺肺小结节的临床价值(附45例报告)

目的探讨肺部直径≤2cm结节灶在CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检的准确性、并发症及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2005年3月～2008年5月期间行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检并经手术病理、临床治疗或随访观察证实且资料完整的孤立性肺结节病例45例,分析其敏感性、特异性、准确性及并发症。结果 45例孤立性小肺结节病灶中经手术病理、临床治疗或随访观察证实为恶性肿瘤者28例,良性病变者17例;而CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断为恶性肿瘤者22例,良性病变者23例。对恶性肿瘤的诊断敏感性78.6%(22/28),特异性100%(22/22),阳性预测值100%(22/22);对良性病变的诊断特异性100%(17/17),阴性预测值73.9%(17/23);总的诊断准确率86.7%(39/45)。并发症:气胸5例(11.1%),肺出血2例(4.4%),咯血2例(4.4%)。结论直径≤2cm的肺部结节行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的准确率较高而并发症较低,可作为肺内孤立性小结节灶定性诊断的首选方法,值得推广。     

CT引导徒手腔内联合插植自适应后装与传统A点后装治疗宫颈癌剂量比较

目的 探讨CT引导徒手腔内联合插植实现影像引导自适应后装(IGABT)相较于传统A点二维后装(CP)剂量学优势,明确其在宫颈癌治疗中的价值。方法 选取在中山大学肿瘤医院行全量放疗的宫颈癌患者 26例,每例患者行4次后装治疗。治疗时先徒手置入宫腔管及2根插植针,后增加插植针数量并调整方向、深度,分别行CT扫描获得2套图像。勾画高危临床靶区(HRCTV),A点和危及器官(直肠、膀胱及乙状结肠)。在2套图像上分别行CP和IGABT计划设计,并配对t检验、Wilcoxon检验两者剂量参数差异。结果 以CP计划的覆盖指数(CI)进行分组,A组(CI≥0.90)包含20个CP和对应IGABT计划,B组(CI<0.90)包含84个CP和对应IGABT计划。A组的HRCTV体积及肿瘤直径明显小于B组(46.7cm³∶62.1cm³,P<0.001及3.1cm∶4.4cm,P<0.0001)。IGABT显著提高所有及B组D90%及覆盖指数,降低膀胱剂量,减少A组乙状结肠剂量,并改善剂量适形度及均匀性。结论 IGABT能提高靶区覆盖、剂量适形度和均匀性,保护危及器官,且对肿瘤较大的患者仍有优势。     

CT引导下肺内大血管旁小病灶穿刺活检技术的临床应用

目的:评价CT引导经皮穿刺肺内大血管旁直径≤2cm病灶的临床价值。方法:CT引导经皮穿刺肺内大血管旁直径≤2cm病灶72例,分析其敏感性、特异性、准确性及并发症。结果:恶性肿瘤的诊断敏感性83.3%(45/54),阳性预测值100%;良性病变诊断特异性100%,阴性预测值66.7%(18/27),总诊断准确率84.7%(61/72)。气胸发生率6.9%(5/72),肺内出血发生率8.3%(6/72),均未作特殊处理自愈。病灶周围有肺气肿是气胸及肺内出血的危险因素(χ²=10.9、8.5,P<0.05),而病灶部位、大小及深度均与上述并发症无关(P>0.05)。结论:CT引导经皮穿刺肺内大血管旁直径≤2cm病灶准确性较高而并发症较低。