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21.
Administration of 10 micrograms of substance P intrathecally to the spinal T9 level of the adult rat, anaesthetized with urethane, provoked an increase in free catecholamines in plasma taken from the inferior vena cava. Adrenaline levels at 1 min after administration were 154.8 +/- 10.8% (mean +/- SE; n = 11) of preadministration levels and noradrenaline levels were 153.5 +/- 11.8% of preadministration levels. Differences between the values of free catecholamines in animals given substance P vs those given vehicle only were statistically significant at 1 and 10 min postinjection, but not at 30 min. Administration of a substance P analogue with central antagonistic properties 15 min before substance P was given prevented expression of the effects of substance P. These results suggest that substance P may be an excitatory chemical mediator of synaptic transmission in spinal pathways controlling adrenal medullary output. Thus dysfunction of substance P mechanisms may underlie some animal models of hypertension and may be involved in some cases of essential hypertension in man as well as in autonomic dysfunction associated with some neurological entities. 相似文献
22.
Martin Griebe Michael Daffertshofer Mark Stroick Magdalena Syren Parviz Ahmad-Nejad Michael Neumaier Juergen Backhaus Michael G. Hennerici Marc Fatar 《Neuroscience letters》2007
Biological markers play an evolving role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). We compare conventional measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and β-amyloid1–42 proteins to a novel approach – Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy – a simple technique derived from chemical and physical sciences that characterizes intramolecular bonds. For automatic diagnostic analysis, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN). We examined 71 patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD and 66 controls. β-Amyloid1–42 was decreased (sensitivity 80% and specificity 78%); tau was elevated (sensitivity 76% and specificity 88%) in CSF of AD patients. The combined tau/β-amyloid1–42 quotient was able to distinguish healthy from diseased subjects with 99% sensitivity and 86% specificity. The ANN could separate FT-IR spectroscopy data with 88.5% sensitivity and 80% specificity. FT-IR spectroscopy proved to be cost-effective and simple to perform. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is in the range of CSF tau and β-amyloid1–42 protein analysis. Larger sample numbers for ANN training and validation could increase diagnostic accuracy and thus prove to be a useful screening tool. 相似文献
23.
L. Hübner E.M. Kniep H. Laukel C. Sorg H. Fischer W.D. Gassel K. Havemann B. Kickhöfen M.-L. Lohmann-Matthes A. Schimpl E. Wecker 《Immunobiology》1980,157(2):169-178
Supernatants from Concanavalin A-stimulated murine spleen cells were subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. Macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), T-helper cell-replacing factor (TRF) and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were bound at high ionic strength and were released stepwise at low ionic strength. CSF thus could be separated from MCF, MIF and TRF and the bulk of other proteins. Chromatography of pools containing MCF, MIF and TRF on Sephadex did not lead to a separation of the three activities which were all found in a molecular weight range of 25.000-55.000. Isoelectric focusing of these pools in pH range from 4 to 9 gave two peaks for MCF at pH 8.2 and 7.2, whereas MIF activity focused from pH 4.5 to 5.5. TRF activity was found in a single sharp peak at pH 5.3. The results demonstrate that the four biological activities can be distinguished on a chemical basis and are accessible for purification and chemical characterization. 相似文献
24.
Annunziata P. Battista A. Guazzi G. C. 《The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences》1985,6(2):215-219
The results of a study of the CSF protein pattern in a case of SSPE treated with interferon are reported. An increase in the IgG, IgG index and CNS IgG synthesis values was found during and after the period of treatment. The electrophoretic and IEF patterns show a predominant increase in the L-chain bands, principally k-type, which are anti-measles antibodies. It is suggested that interferon could stimulate some cell clones to synthesize a particular type of L-chains.
Sommario Sono riportati i risultati dello studio delle proteine del liquor cefalo-rachidiano in un caso di Panencefalite Sclerosante Subacuta trattato con interferon. È evidenziato un aumento dei valori di IgG, IgG index e delle IgG sintetizzate nel S.N.C. nelle 24 ore durante il periodo di trattamento. I quadri elettroforetico e dell'isoelectrofocusing dimostrano un aumento prevalente delle catene leggere delle IgG di tipo k che sono anticorpi anti-morbillo. È avanzata l'ipotesi che l'interferon possa aver stimolato la sintesi di un particolare tipo di catene leggere da parte di qualche clone cellulare.相似文献
25.
G. Karoutas P. Tsitsopoulos D. Karacostas N. Tascos J. Milonas K. Constas J. Logothetis 《Acta neurochirurgica》1985,78(3-4):148-156
Summary The present experimental work focuses on the mechanisms involved in respiratory distress observed in the course of subarachnoid haemorrhage. For this purpose, respiratory disturbances were induced in rabbits by injecting fresh autologous blood into the subarachnoid space. For six hours after this artificially induced SAH, blood PO2 and PCO2 as well as expiratory air CO2 were regularly determined, while during the same period cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements were recorded.The results of this study suggest that pressure effects acting the brain structures that support respiration are principally involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory disturbances following SAH. A decrease in CBF and hypoxia with hypercapnia play a contributing secondary role adding to a vicious cycle phenomenon. 相似文献
26.
Summary The adenine nucleotide metabolites hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 25 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and from 26 control subjects. In addition, the haemoglobin and protein levels in the CSF of the patients were determined.In 13 subjects, from which lumbar CSF was collected three, six and nine days after SAH, there was a gradual increase in 8 patients for hypoxanthine and in 3 of the 13 patients for xanthine and uric acid. The mean concentrations were not significantly higher than the controls. In 12 SAH patients, consecutive CSF fractions of 10 ml were collected peroperatively during surgical clipping of aneurysms. The hypoxanthine concentrations increased continously from lumbar to central CSF samples. Hypoxanthine levels were 6.5±1.0 M in lumbar CSF compared to 11.8±2.3 M in central CSF (p<0.001), while xanthine, uric acid, haemoglobin and protein levels were equally distributed. Furthermore, the SAH patients showed about 3 times higher concentrations of central CSF hypoxanthine (p<0.01) and xanthine (p<0.05) while that for uric acid was similar compared to all control subjects. Also, an in vitro study showed that the increased concentrations of the adenine nucleotide metabolites could not be caused by degradation of blood components in the subarachnoid space.It is presumed that the increased central CSF concentrations of hypoxanthine that were demonstrated in patients after SAH could be a sensitive marker for brain tissue ischaemia. However, since there was no correlation between the hypoxanthine levels, clinical condition or cerebral vascular diameter, other factors have to be excluded before ischaemia alone could explain the elevated central hypoxanthine levels in patients without major clinical dysfunction after SAH.This study was supported by grants from Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish National Society against Heart and Chest disease, The Swedish Society of Medical Sciences, Wibergs Foundation, Boehringer Ingelheim and the Swedish Medical Research Council (proj. no. 7485). 相似文献
27.
Michael Weller Andreas Stevens Norbert Sommer Horst Wiethölter 《Journal of neuro-oncology》1993,16(1):55-59
Summary Neurological complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. We have studied and correlated clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in 20 patients with central nervous system metastases from malignant melanoma including 8 patients with metastatic meningeal melanomatosis (MMM) and 12 patients with solid cerebral metastases (SCM). The putative CSF tumor markers, fibronectin and 2-microglobulin, were elevated significantly in MMM but not in SCM patients. A prominent increase in the IgM index, which reflects intrathecal B-cell stimulation, and a rise of IgG index, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor- in MMM patients provide preliminary evidence for a local intrathecal immune response triggered by melanoma cell invasion of the subarachnoid space. 相似文献
28.
目的:观察脑脊液中白血病淋巴细胞及鞘注治疗后细胞的立体形态特征。方法:采用激光扫描共聚焦显微术对15例争性淋细胞性白血病患者脑脊液中550个白血病淋巴细胞和鞘注治疗后脑脊液中380个白血病淋巴细胞进行断层扫描和三维立体成像观察,并与正常脑脊液中淋巴细胞进行对比。结果:脑脊液中白血病淋巴细胞的胞体明显增大,核完整,呈桔黄色荧光,胞质呈火红荧光。鞘内注射治疗后脑脊液中白血病淋巴细胞胞体缩小,不规则,胞核不完整,有断裂、缺损。而正常淋巴细胞胞体较小,呈圆形,核比例大,胞浆量少,核呈绿色荧光,胞质呈弱绿色荧光。结论:LSCM可为CNLL诊断、鉴别诊断以及化疗药物的筛选、疗效评价、预后判断提供可靠的实验室依据。 相似文献
29.
范学文 《宁夏医科大学学报》2001,23(3):157-160
目的:观察脑脊液白血病淋巴细胞脑鞘注治疗前后细胞内DNA、RNA相对含量的变化。方法:采用激光扫描共聚焦显微术(LSCM)对15例急性淋巴细胞性白血病患者脑脊液中550个白血病淋巴细胞和鞘注治疗后脑脊液中380个白血病淋巴细胞内DNA、RNA相对含量进行定量检测,同时用荧光强度地形分布图像表示,并与正常脑脊液中小淋巴细胞内DNA、RNA相对含量进行对比。结果:脑脊液白血病巴细胞内DNA、RNA相对含量显著高于正常对照(P<0.01);鞘注治疗后细胞内DNA、RNA相对含量明显低于治疗前(P<0.01)。且三者DNA、RNA荧光强度地形分布立体图像也存在着显著的判别;治疗前似圆柱菜,其顶部显强白色荧光,连成一片,完整无损,治疗后呈锯齿状,顶部显白色荧光,较治疗前弱,山峰较多,分散,连连;对照组似圆锥形,顶部显白荧光。结论:利用LSCM对脑脊液白血病淋巴细胞内DNARNA相对含量的定量分析可为CNLL诊断,鉴别诊断以及化疗药物的筛选、疗效评价,预后判断提供可靠的实验室依据。 相似文献
30.
为探讨单纯疱疹病毒脑炎的早期诊断方法 ,用 EL ISA法检测 10 5例小儿病毒性脑炎脑脊液 (CSF)中特异性单纯疱疹病毒 Ig M抗体 ,为对比同时也检测了该组病毒特异性 Ig G抗体 ,并与血清相应抗体结果比较。其中 13例阳性 ,占 12 .4%。结果表明 :检测 CSF中单纯疱疹病毒 Ig M抗体 ,可以快速确定其疱疹病毒性脑炎 ,方法简单易行 ,具有其临床实用价值 相似文献