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Background and aims

We aimed to assess the relationship between nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) abnormalities and coronary flow reserve (CFR), a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

We studied 39 SSc patients (33 females, mean?±?SD age 54?±?12?years, median disease duration 11?years, range 6–22) and 22 controls (matched for age and sex) without any evidence of cardiovascular disease. Clinical assessment was performed by modified Rodnan skin score (mRss) and EUSTAR score. Coronary flow velocities in the left anterior descending coronary artery were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Average peak flow velocities, CFR and microvascular resistance at baseline (BMR) and in hyperaemic (HMR) condition were assessed. CFR ≤2.5 was considered marker of CMD. Six NVC-abnormalities were evaluated by a semi quantitative scoring system: enlarged and giant capillaries (diameter?>?20?μm and >50?μm, respectively), hemorrhages, disarray, capillary ramifications and loss of capillaries (avascular score). Statistic was performed using SPSS.

Results

CFR was lower in SSc patients than in controls (2.6?±?0.5 vs 3.3?±?0.5). CMD was detected in 24 patients (61.5%) vs 0 controls (p?<?.0001). CFR was inversely correlated with NVC-avascular score (rho?=‐0.750, p?<?.0001). Avascular and capillary ramifications scores (p?=?.001 and p?=?.03, respectively), mRss (p?=?.003) and EUSTAR score (p?=?.01) were higher in patients with CMD than in those without. At multivariable analysis, avascular score was independently associated with CMD (p?=?.01). HMR was directly correlated with avascular score (rho?=?0.416, p?=?.008).

Conclusions

In our SSc patients NVC-avascular score was associated with CMD which seems to be the result of a structural microvascular remodeling.  相似文献   
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Background

In patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD), confirming symptoms due to coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) remains challenging. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assesses myocardial perfusion with high spatial resolution and is widely used for diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objectives

The goal of this study was to validate CMR for diagnosing microvascular angina in patients with NOCAD, compared with patients with obstructive CAD and correlated to the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) during invasive coronary angiography.

Methods

Fifty patients with angina (65 ± 9 years of age) and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects underwent adenosine stress CMR (1.5- and 3-T) to assess left ventricular function, inducible ischemia (myocardial perfusion reserve index [MPRI]; myocardial blood flow [MBF]), and infarction (late gadolinium enhancement). During subsequent angiography within 7 days, 28 patients had obstructive CAD (fractional flow reserve [FFR] ≤0.8) and 22 patients had NOCAD (FFR >0.8) who underwent 3-vessel IMR measurements.

Results

In patients with NOCAD, myocardium with IMR <25 U had normal MPRI (1.9 ± 0.4 vs. controls 2.0 ± 0.3; p = 0.49); myocardium with IMR ≥25 U had significantly impaired MPRI, similar to ischemic myocardium downstream of obstructive CAD (1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4; p = 0.61). An MPRI of 1.4 accurately detected impaired perfusion related to CMD (IMR ≥25 U; FFR >0.8) (area under the curve: 0.90; specificity: 95%; sensitivity: 89%; p < 0.001). Impaired MPRI in patients with NOCAD was driven by impaired augmentation of MBF during stress, with normal resting MBF. Myocardium with FFR >0.8 and normal IMR (<25 U) still had blunted stress MBF, suggesting mild CMD, which was distinguishable from control subjects by using a stress MBF threshold of 2.3 ml/min/g with 100% positive predictive value.

Conclusions

In angina patients with NOCAD, CMR can objectively and noninvasively assess microvascular angina. A CMR-based combined diagnostic pathway for both epicardial and microvascular CAD deserves further clinical validation.  相似文献   
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Objectives

The authors sought to evaluate the influence of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) on the diagnostic performance of the quantitative flow ratio (QFR).

Background

Functional angiographic assessment of coronary stenoses based on fluid dynamics, such as QFR, constitutes an attractive alternative to fractional flow reserve (FFR). However, it is unknown whether CMD affects the reliability of angiography-based functional indices.

Methods

FFR and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) were measured in 300 vessels (248 patients) as part of a multicenter international registry. QFR was calculated at a blinded core laboratory. Vessels were classified into 2 groups according to microcirculatory status: low IMR (<23 U), and high IMR (≥23 U, CMD). The impact of CMD on the diagnostic performance of QFR, as well as on incremental value of QFR over quantitative angiography, was assessed using FFR as reference.

Results

Percent diameter stenosis (%DS) and FFR were similar in low- and high-IMR groups (%DS 51 ± 12% vs. 53 ± 11%; p = 0.16; FFR 0.80 ± 0.11 vs. 0.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.23, respectively). In the overall cohort, classification agreement (CA) between QFR and FFR and diagnostic efficiency of QFR (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve [AUC]) were high (CA: 88%; AUC: 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90 to 0.96]). However, when assessed according to microcirculatory status, a significantly lower CA and AUC of QFR were found in the high-IMR group as compared with the low-IMR group (CA: 76% vs. 92%; p < 0.001; AUC: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.94] vs. 0.96 [95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98]; p < 0.05). Compared with angiographic assessment, QFR increased by 0.20 (p < 0.001) and by 0.16 (p < 0.001) the AUC of %DS in low- and high-IMR groups, respectively. Independent predictors of misclassification between QFR and FFR were high IMR and acute coronary syndrome.

Conclusions

CMD decreases the diagnostic performance of QFR. However, even in the presence of CMD, QFR remains superior to angiography alone in ascertaining functional stenosis severity.  相似文献   
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Zusammenfassung Die Übertragung der Aufbissschienenokklusion in eine prothetische Restauration erfolgt im ersten Behandlungsschritt durch ein direkt im Mund des Patienten angefertigtes Erst- oder Kurzzeitprovisorium [2].Danach entscheidet der individuelle Behandlungsfall über das weitere prothetische Vorgehen. In den meisten Fällen ist die Anfertigung eines laborgefertigten Langzeitprovisoriums der entscheidende Schritt zu einem sicheren funktionellen prothetischen Behandlungserfolg. Auf Basis des Wax-up angefertigt, nimmt das Langzeitprovisorium die definitive prothetische Arbeit vorweg und kann in Dimension und Funktion hervorragend ausgetestet und weiterhin in interdisziplinärer, manualmedizinisch-zahnärztlicher Zusammenarbeit korrigiert werden. Grundlegende Voraussetzung bei allen zahnärztlichen Maßnahmen ist die exakte dreidimensionale Beibehaltung der therapeutischer Bisslage.Eine in dieser Weise, mit einem laborgefertigten Langzeitprovisorium ideal vorbereitete Patientensituation, ist mit geeigneten Mitteln zuverlässig in die definitive prothetische Rekonstruktion überführbar.Die einzelnen Behandlungsschritte werden anhand einer Kasuistik vorgestellt.  相似文献   
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ZusammenfassungProblemstellung Atypischer Gesichtsschmerz bzw. die oft unscharf abgegrenzte kraniomandibulare Dysfunktion (CMD) stellen häufig schwer zu behandelnde Schmerzsyndrome im Gesichts- und Kieferbereich dar. Während auch bei chronischer CMD in der Regel ein somatischer Therapieansatz versucht wird, führt dies beim atypischen Gesichtsschmerz (aGS) leicht zur weiteren somatischen Fixierung. Es sollen im Folgenden Unterschiede zwischen CMD- und aGS-Patienten dargestellt sowie Hinweise für ein erhöhtes Chronifizierungsrisiko ermittelt werden.Methode In einer interdisziplinären Verbundstudie wurden 124 Patienten mit CMD (n=108) bzw. atypischem Gesichtsschmerz (n=16) konsekutiv zahnärztlich/kieferchirurgisch sowie psychosomatisch einschließlich verschiedener Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen untersucht.Ergebnisse Einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Zielvariable (aGS) hatten folgende Variablen: zunehmendes Alter (pro Jahr ein um 6% höheres Risiko für aGS gegenüber CMD), ein symptomarmer Dysfunktionsindex (13faches Risiko für aGS gegenüber CMD), ein geringer nach außen gerichteter Ärger (12faches Risiko für aGS gegenüber CMD bei niedrigen Werten der Staxi-Skala "anger out") und "schmerzbedingte Isolation" (9faches Risiko für aGS gegenüber CMD bei hohen Werten). Die Schmerzangabe bei der Erstvorstellung korrelierte nicht mit der Ausprägung des dysfunktionalen somatischen Befunds, niedrige Schulbildung erwies sich als bester Prädiktor (p<0,001) für eine subjektiv empfundene hohe Schmerzintensität, die sich durch eine Diskrepanz zwischen Befund und Befindlichkeit auszeichnete.Schlussfolgerungen Patienten mit aGS unterschieden sich in unserer Stichprobe von CMD-Patienten durch ein vergleichsweise höheres Alter, eine stärkere psychosoziale Isolation, eine geringere Ausprägung "nach außen" gerichteten Ärgers und naturgemäß einen symptomärmeren Dysfunktionsindex. Zudem kann bei Patienten mit ätiologisch nicht eindeutigen Kiefer- bzw. Gesichtsschmerzen die Intensität der Schmerzangabe bei der Erstvorstellung bereits wichtige Hinweise auf ein erhöhtes Chronifizierungsrisiko geben.
  相似文献   
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ObjectivesIndividuals with dementia have high rates of emergency department (ED) use for acute illnesses. We evaluated the effect of a high-intensity telemedicine program that delivers care for acute illnesses on ED use rates for individuals with dementia who reside in senior living communities (SLCs; independent and assisted living).DesignWe performed a secondary analysis of data for patients with dementia from a prospective cohort study over 3.5 years that evaluated the effectiveness of high-intensity telemedicine for acute illnesses among SLC residents.Setting and participantsWe studied patients cared for by a primary care geriatrics practice at 22 SLCs in a northeastern city. Six SLCs were selected as intervention facilities and had access to patient-to-provider high-intensity telemedicine services to diagnose and treat illnesses. Patients at the remaining 15 SLCs served as controls. Participants were considered to have dementia if they had a diagnosis of dementia on their medical record problem list, were receiving medications for the indication of dementia, or had cognitive testing consistent with dementia.MeasuresWe compared the rate of ED use among participants with dementia and access to high-intensity telemedicine services to control participants with dementia but without access to services.ResultsIntervention group participants had 201 telemedicine visits. In participants with dementia, it is estimated that 1 year of access to telemedicine services is associated with a 24% decrease in ED visits (rate ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.61, 0.96).Conclusions/ImplicationsTelemedicine in SLCs can effectively decrease ED use by individuals with dementia, but further research is needed to confirm this secondary analysis and to understand how to best implement and optimize telemedicine for patients with dementia suffering from acute illnesses.  相似文献   
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