CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗肺癌术后气胸发生率的相关因素分析

目的 分析影响CT引导下经皮肺穿刺¹²⁵I粒子植入治疗肺癌术后气胸发生率的因素.方法 观察821例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺肺癌¹²⁵I粒子植入术后患者198例发生气胸的情况,分析其出现的相关因素.结果 术后CT发现气胸198例,发生率为24.1%.发现植入针进针平均深度、患者是否合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、是否合并肺不张、植入针道数目、手术时间、进针角度及肿瘤直径7个因素与术后气胸发生率相关(χ² =10.293、11.463、5.310、8.868、13.348、9.326、16.504,P<0.05).其中COPD患者176 例术后发生气胸65例(36.9%);植入针进针的深度<6 cm(205例)、8~12 cm(378例)及>12 cm(238例)患者术后发生气胸分别为29例(14.1%)、98例(25.9%)、71例(29.8%);植入针道数目<5(183例)、5~10 (408例)、>10(230例)的患者术后发生气胸例数分别是31例(16.9%)、92例(22.5%)、75例(32.6%);手术时间<10 min(198例)、10~20 min(412例)、>30 min(211例)的患者术后发生气胸分别为27例(13.6%)、101例(24.5%)、70例(33.2%);合并肺不张患者132例术后发生气胸的19例(14.4%).其中前4项经多因素logistic回归分析是气胸发生的危险因素(OR=1.676、2.147、1.827、2.368,P<0.05),最后1项是气胸的保护因素(OR=0.367,P<0.05).结论 当病灶离胸壁远,患者合并有COPD,术中植入针道较多的患者,粒子植入前要充分考虑到气胸发生的可能,减少穿刺针数目及加快手术时间,可使CT引导下经皮肺癌¹²⁵I粒子植入术后气胸发生率大为降低.     

冷极射频消融联合I125粒子植入治疗肺癌20例报告

目的：探讨冷极射频消融联合I125粒子植入术治疗肺癌患者的疗效。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对我院2007年9月至2012年2月采用冷极射频消融联合植入放射性I125粒子治疗的20例肺癌患者的治疗方案、并发症、疗效等临床资料进行分析和评价。结果20例肺癌患者中,病情完全缓解9例（45%）;部分缓解5例（25%）;无变化3例（15%）;进展3例（15%）。20例患者疾病近期控制率85%。结论冷极射频消融联合I125粒子植入是治疗晚期肺癌不能耐受手术或不愿接受手术治疗患者的一种可行方法,两者联合治疗可提高疗效,减轻并发症。     

肾盂尿路上皮癌患者尿 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9的检测与评估

目的探讨尿液核基质蛋白22(nuclear matrix protein 22,NMP22)、组织多肽特异性抗原(tissue polypeptide-specific antigen,TPS)、CYFRA21-1、糖链蛋白19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9)对肾盂尿路上皮癌的诊断价值.方法回顾性分析山西省肿瘤医院2010年1月至2015年12月检测的至少两种上述尿液肿瘤标志物的患者资料,共218人次,包括肾盂尿路上皮癌63例(A 组)、膀胱尿路上皮癌46例(B 组)、非尿路上皮肿瘤的泌尿系其他疾病62例(C 组)、A组行根治术后2年未复发47例(D 组),另有健康志愿者20例(E 组).比较各组尿 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9表达水平,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算 ROC 曲线下面积.结果 A 组 NMP22水平高于 B 组,差异有统计学意义(P ＝0．001). A 组与 B 组的 TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平差异无统计学意义(P ＞0．05).A 组和 B 组的 TPS、NMP22、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平均高于 C 组、D 组、E 组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0?05).C 组、D组及 E 组的 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平差异无统计学意义(P ＞0．05). A 组中NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平在不同病理分级、临床分期、肿瘤大小、是否肾积水等的差异无统计学意义(P ＞0．05).A 组 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9的诊断准确率高于尿脱落细胞学检查,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0．05).四种肿瘤标志物的 ROC 曲线下面积为0．7~0．9,诊断效能中等,最高者为 NMP22与 CYFRA21-1的组合,为0．884.结论尿液 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9对肾盂尿路上皮癌的诊断有帮助,诊断效能中等,但它们对肾盂癌肿瘤分期和病理分级的预测、术后监测、预后判断等方面的作用有待进一步研究.     

125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸22例疗效分析

目的研究和探讨125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效。方法2011年6月—2013年9月收治恶性梗阻性黄疸患者40例。行胆道支架植入术治疗患者18例,为对照组;采用125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入患者22例,为观察组。两组均采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(PTCD)并胆道支架植入。结果观察组与对照组的平均胆道开通时间分别为(8.7±0.7)和(6.2±0.4)个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组术后平均生存时间分别为(11.4±0.8)和(8.7±0.5)个月,生存时间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后近期疗效及并发症两组之间的比较无明显差异(P>0.05),但是远期疗效有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论与对照组相比,观察组的术后生存时间及胆道开通时间明显延长,对于125I粒子条联合支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸值得进一步临床研究。     

不同活度125I粒子植入抑制兔VX2肝癌机制研究

目的：探讨125I粒子组织间植入诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的机制。比较不同活度125I粒子组织间植入诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用强度。方法将24只兔VX2肝癌模型随机分为3组,分别植入不同初始活度的125I粒子：0 mCi组（对照组,n=8）、0.7 mCi组（n=8）及1.0 mCi组（n=8）。5周后处死实验兔,取出肿瘤病灶,检测125I粒子对肿瘤细胞凋亡、肿瘤生长相关因子表达的影响及caspase-3活性改变。结果不同初始活度125I粒子均可使肿瘤细胞凋亡率上升, Bcl-2、VEGF表达下调,Bax表达上调,1.0 mCi 125I粒子组作用均更加明显（P＜0.05）。不同初始活度125I粒子可增加肿瘤组织中caspase-3活性,两治疗组间差异无明显统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论125I粒子植入后不仅通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制肿瘤生长、增殖,还影响凋亡相关基因及编码蛋白表达,抑制肿瘤细胞新生血管生成。     

CA repeat and RsaI polymorphisms in ERbeta gene are not associated with infertility in Indian men

Oestrogen Receptor β (ERβ) gene plays an important role in the regulation of fertility in both males and females. Polymorphism in CA repeat located in the flanking region of ERβ has been shown to be associated with several diseases, but its association with male infertility has not been analysed so far. However, Rsa I polymorphism (rs1256049) in exon 5 of ERβ has been shown to be associated with male infertility in Caucasian patients. Hence, we have analysed 695 Indian men, including 443 infertile and 252 fertile men to evaluate the association of CA repeat length and Rsa I polymorphisms in male infertility. Our results revealed no significant difference in the distribution of CA repeat length between infertile (mean ± SD 23.24 ± 2.06, median 24) and fertile men (mean ± SD 23.16 ± 2.27, median 24). The analysis of dosage effect by classifying samples into SS (short/short), SL (short/long) and LL (long/long) groups also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Similarly, Rsa I polymorphism also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Furthermore, the combined analysis of CA repeat and Rsa I polymorphisms by haplotyping showed that the distribution of haplotypes was not significantly different between fertile and infertile men. Our results suggest that CA repeat length and Rsa I polymorphisms in ERβ are not associated with infertility in Indian men.     

Carbonic anhydrase IX deposits are associated with increased ascending aortic dilatation

Objectives. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression is induced by local hypoxia. We studied whether CA IX deposits associate with ascending aortic dilatation. Design. Aortic wall histology, CA IX expression, presence of leukocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cell proliferation, elastin and collagen were studied in histological specimens collected from 30 patients who underwent surgery for ascending aorta. The samples were grouped according to presence of CA IX deposits. Results. Twenty out of 30 patients had CA IX-positive deposits within the adventitia, whereas 10 specimens remained negative. Adventitial inflammation was increased in CA IX-positive samples as compared with CA IX-negative ones (p?<?0.01). The mean diameter of the ascending aorta at the sinotubular junction increased significantly in patients with CA IX-positive staining as compared with CA IX-negative cases (63?±?3 vs 53?±?2?mm, p?<?0.02). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the association of CA IX positivity with increased ascending aortic dilatation (AUC 0.766; S.E. 0.090; p?=?0.020; 95% C.I. 0.590–0.941). Conclusions. Positive CA IX staining in certain aortic specimens suggests that increased CA activity may contribute to ascending aortic dilatation.     

Serial changes in N-isopropyl-p[125I]-iodoamphetamine in mouse lung observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope

Serial changes in N-isopropyl-p[125I]-iodoamphetamine (125I-IMP) in mouse lungs were observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Male mice were intravenously injected with 125I-IMP and subjected to autoradiographic procedures 20 minutes, and 3 and 24 hours after injection. Differential interference contrast (DIC) images and confocal images were obtained with a confocal laser scanning microscope, and superimposed images were evaluated. Large numbers of silver grains were observed in the interstitium, bronchioles, and alveolar sacs 20 minutes after the injection, and lamellar distribution of the grains was observed on the ciliary surface. The numbers of silver grains in the interstitium and bronchioles had decreased 3 hours after the injection of 125I-IMP, but the numbers of silver grains in the alveolar spaces had not. Although small numbers of silver grains remained in both the bronchioles and alveolar sacs 24 hours after the injection, most of them had washed out. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is considered to be a useful procedure for studying the distribution of radioisotopes by microautoradiography, because it allows clear autoradiographs to be obtained in which tissues and silver grains are perfectly matched and all silver grains are in focus.     

CA19-9 serum levels in obstructive jaundice: clinical value in benign and malignant conditions

Background

Obstructive jaundice is frequently associated with false CA19-9 elevation in benign conditions. The diagnostic accuracy of this tumor marker was evaluated in the present longitudinal study.

Methods

In 128 patients admitted for obstructive jaundice (87 with pancreato-biliary malignancy and 41 benign disease) serum CA19-9 was measured. Statistical analysis of marker levels obtained before and after endoscopic biliary drainage was performed in 60 patients.

Results

Elevated CA19-9 levels (>37 U/mL) were found in 61% of benign cases and 86% of malignancies. After biliary drainage, decrease of serum CA19-9 was observed in 19 of 38 malignant cases and in almost all benign cases (Wilcoxon matched pairs test: P = .207 and P <.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a cut-off value of 90 U/mL to be associated with improved diagnostic accuracy after biliary drainage (sensitivity 61%, specificity 95%).

Conclusions

In the presence of successfully drained obstructive jaundice, CA19-9 serum levels that remain unchanged or measure more than 90 U/mL are strongly indicative of a malignant cause of obstruction. However, the real clinical utility of this marker remains controversial.     

Arcuate ligament vascular compression syndrome in infants and children

Background

Arcuate ligament vascular compression syndrome has not been described previously in the pediatric or pediatric surgical literature. However, it is mentioned in the literature of vascular and general surgery and in journals of radiology and orthopedics. In this review, the intraoperative pathological anatomy and the principles of treatment for 8 children will be presented.

Methods

The chart records and the anatomical sketches that were documented by the surgeon immediately after each procedure were analyzed retrospectively. In addition, preoperative courses and long-term follow-up (range, 3-18 years) were evaluated by a defined program.

Results

The diagnosis of celiac artery compression by an arcuate ligament was suspected in children presenting with a history of several years of recurrent acute abdominal pain associated with a typical arterial bruit in the midline of the epigastric region.

Conclusions

Other diseases with recurrent abdominal pain and an arterial bruit must be excluded before making the decision for an operative intervention. Duplex ultrasound and angiography are possibly helpful tools to establish the respective diagnosis, but in the patients of the present series, these techniques neither confirmed compression of the celiac axis nor demonstrated decreased perfusion of the superior mesenteric artery. However, as the clinical symptoms clearly announce the disease, these diagnostic measures are not mandatory.