肾盂尿路上皮癌患者尿 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9的检测与评估

目的探讨尿液核基质蛋白22(nuclear matrix protein 22,NMP22)、组织多肽特异性抗原(tissue polypeptide-specific antigen,TPS)、CYFRA21-1、糖链蛋白19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9)对肾盂尿路上皮癌的诊断价值.方法回顾性分析山西省肿瘤医院2010年1月至2015年12月检测的至少两种上述尿液肿瘤标志物的患者资料,共218人次,包括肾盂尿路上皮癌63例(A 组)、膀胱尿路上皮癌46例(B 组)、非尿路上皮肿瘤的泌尿系其他疾病62例(C 组)、A组行根治术后2年未复发47例(D 组),另有健康志愿者20例(E 组).比较各组尿 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9表达水平,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算 ROC 曲线下面积.结果 A 组 NMP22水平高于 B 组,差异有统计学意义(P ＝0．001). A 组与 B 组的 TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平差异无统计学意义(P ＞0．05).A 组和 B 组的 TPS、NMP22、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平均高于 C 组、D 组、E 组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0?05).C 组、D组及 E 组的 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平差异无统计学意义(P ＞0．05). A 组中NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9水平在不同病理分级、临床分期、肿瘤大小、是否肾积水等的差异无统计学意义(P ＞0．05).A 组 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9的诊断准确率高于尿脱落细胞学检查,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0．05).四种肿瘤标志物的 ROC 曲线下面积为0．7~0．9,诊断效能中等,最高者为 NMP22与 CYFRA21-1的组合,为0．884.结论尿液 NMP22、TPS、CYFRA21-1、CA19-9对肾盂尿路上皮癌的诊断有帮助,诊断效能中等,但它们对肾盂癌肿瘤分期和病理分级的预测、术后监测、预后判断等方面的作用有待进一步研究.     

放射性~(125)I粒子组织间植入对家兔尿道损伤的实验研究

目的:研究不同剂量的放射性125I粒子对家兔尿道的放射性损伤。方法:麻醉下将放射性125I粒子植入雄性家兔尿道旁1.0cm处。125I粒子的放射性粒子活度分别为14.8MBq(A组)、29.6MBq(B组)和44.4MBq(C组),对照组(D组)仅尿道旁种植相当于粒子大小无放射性的无菌铅管1粒。植入后4周,摄尿道片,观察粒子位置等情况;原手术切口切开,取放射粒子周围2.0cm范围内的家兔尿道组织作肉眼、光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察,进行放射性损伤的评价。结果:术后4周,肉眼及光学显微镜观察,实验组与对照组粒子周围的尿道粘膜、粘膜下及肌层所见基本一致;C组少部分电镜视野中观察到尿道上皮胞质出现较多空泡变性、空化、嵴稀疏等超微结构的损伤。光镜下尿道入射性损伤评分,A、B、C、D组分别为(2.20±0.18)、(2.23±0.15)、(2.27±0.10)、(2.10±0.17)分,A、B、C组与D组相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。对线粒体作FlaMeng半定量分析,A、B、C、D各组评分分别为(1.23±0.13)、(1.34±0.25)、(1.41±0.30)、(1.12±0.13)分,A、B、C各组与D组(对照组)相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:放射性125I粒子对尿道放射性损伤随粒子的放射性活度的增加而逐渐加重,呈明显的放射性活度效应关系;正常剂量的放射性粒子对尿道的损伤是很轻微的,是安全可行的。     

肝癌切除术后残肝断面125Ⅰ粒子植入预防肝癌复发

目的 观察肝癌患者肝切除术后残肝断面125Ⅰ粒子植入对肝癌肝内复发的影响.方法 对2003年1月至2007年1月经手术完整切除的肝细胞癌患者85例分为2组.125Ⅰ粒子植入组(43例):肿瘤完整切除后在残肝断面均匀植入125Ⅰ粒子.对照组(42例).所有患者分别于术前1 d和术后7 d、30 d采血,测定转氨酶、胆红素、NK细胞、T细胞亚群、血清中MMP-9及AFP水平.全部患者术后均定期随访复发情况.结果 所有患者术后均顺利恢复,无围手术死亡,无严重并发症.术后两组患者CD3+、CIM+、CD8+和NK细胞及转氨酶、胆红素等指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);125Ⅰ粒子植入组患者AFP、MMP-9明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).125Ⅰ粒子植入组术后0.5年、1年复发率为2.3%、6.9%,与对照组(14.2%、26.1%)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肝癌切除后切125Ⅰ粒子植入能有效地降低AFP、MMP-9水平.术后局部复发率显著下降.     

125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸22例疗效分析

目的研究和探讨125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效。方法2011年6月—2013年9月收治恶性梗阻性黄疸患者40例。行胆道支架植入术治疗患者18例,为对照组;采用125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入患者22例,为观察组。两组均采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(PTCD)并胆道支架植入。结果观察组与对照组的平均胆道开通时间分别为(8.7±0.7)和(6.2±0.4)个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组术后平均生存时间分别为(11.4±0.8)和(8.7±0.5)个月,生存时间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后近期疗效及并发症两组之间的比较无明显差异(P>0.05),但是远期疗效有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论与对照组相比,观察组的术后生存时间及胆道开通时间明显延长,对于125I粒子条联合支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸值得进一步临床研究。     

不同活度125I粒子植入抑制兔VX2肝癌机制研究

目的：探讨125I粒子组织间植入诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的机制。比较不同活度125I粒子组织间植入诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用强度。方法将24只兔VX2肝癌模型随机分为3组,分别植入不同初始活度的125I粒子：0 mCi组（对照组,n=8）、0.7 mCi组（n=8）及1.0 mCi组（n=8）。5周后处死实验兔,取出肿瘤病灶,检测125I粒子对肿瘤细胞凋亡、肿瘤生长相关因子表达的影响及caspase-3活性改变。结果不同初始活度125I粒子均可使肿瘤细胞凋亡率上升, Bcl-2、VEGF表达下调,Bax表达上调,1.0 mCi 125I粒子组作用均更加明显（P＜0.05）。不同初始活度125I粒子可增加肿瘤组织中caspase-3活性,两治疗组间差异无明显统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论125I粒子植入后不仅通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制肿瘤生长、增殖,还影响凋亡相关基因及编码蛋白表达,抑制肿瘤细胞新生血管生成。     

前列腺癌近距离治疗术后粒子移位状况分析

0.7%,21/196),其中18例患者出现单个粒子移位,3例患者出现2枚粒子移位.移位粒子数共24粒(0.2%,24/11 995),其中肺部移位粒子6粒,粒子移位至皮下或耻骨后其他区域16粒,排出体外2粒. 结论 前列腺体积、粒子植入总数量及前列腺包膜外粒子分布数量与粒子移位发生率具有相关性.发生粒子移位后局部靶器官治疗剂量不受影响,粒子移位无严重并发症产生.     

放射性125I粒子组织间植入或联合放化疗治疗复发直肠癌

目的探讨超声或CT引导下放射性125I粒子组织间植入治疗复发直肠癌的技术可行性、近期疗效和副反应.方法 15例直肠癌术后盆腔复发患者,女4例,男11例.硬膜外麻醉,2例经阴道超声引导,13例CT引导,行放射性125I粒子植入术.肿瘤匹配周边剂量为90～110 Gy,每颗粒子活度为0.50～0.70 mCi,植入33～70颗.术后24～48 h拍胸、盆腔X线片了解粒子是否发生移位.术后6例加三维适形放疗,4～6野/次,200～300 cGy/次,5次/周,总剂量为4 500～5 000 cGy,间隔4周.2例粒子治疗后加草酸铂、5-氟尿嘧啶和四氢叶酸化疗1个周期,随访3～15个月,根据CT扫描结果判断肿瘤大小. 结果术后平均7天疼痛缓解,其中12例完全缓解,2例部分缓解,1例无变化,有效率93%(14/15).9例肿瘤完全缓解,2例部分缓解,4例局部进展,局部控制率73%(11/15).2例术后6个月和12个月时死于肺转移.1例1颗粒子移位至盆壁,随访12个月无症状.无治疗相关并发症和副作用发生. 结论经超声或CT引导放射性125I粒子植入治疗复发直肠癌具有安全、微创、并发症发生率低和疗效肯定等优势,粒子治疗后应配合外放疗和全身化疗,有望进一步提高疗效.     

CA repeat and RsaI polymorphisms in ERbeta gene are not associated with infertility in Indian men

Oestrogen Receptor β (ERβ) gene plays an important role in the regulation of fertility in both males and females. Polymorphism in CA repeat located in the flanking region of ERβ has been shown to be associated with several diseases, but its association with male infertility has not been analysed so far. However, Rsa I polymorphism (rs1256049) in exon 5 of ERβ has been shown to be associated with male infertility in Caucasian patients. Hence, we have analysed 695 Indian men, including 443 infertile and 252 fertile men to evaluate the association of CA repeat length and Rsa I polymorphisms in male infertility. Our results revealed no significant difference in the distribution of CA repeat length between infertile (mean ± SD 23.24 ± 2.06, median 24) and fertile men (mean ± SD 23.16 ± 2.27, median 24). The analysis of dosage effect by classifying samples into SS (short/short), SL (short/long) and LL (long/long) groups also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Similarly, Rsa I polymorphism also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Furthermore, the combined analysis of CA repeat and Rsa I polymorphisms by haplotyping showed that the distribution of haplotypes was not significantly different between fertile and infertile men. Our results suggest that CA repeat length and Rsa I polymorphisms in ERβ are not associated with infertility in Indian men.     

CA19-9 serum levels in obstructive jaundice: clinical value in benign and malignant conditions

Background

Obstructive jaundice is frequently associated with false CA19-9 elevation in benign conditions. The diagnostic accuracy of this tumor marker was evaluated in the present longitudinal study.

Methods

In 128 patients admitted for obstructive jaundice (87 with pancreato-biliary malignancy and 41 benign disease) serum CA19-9 was measured. Statistical analysis of marker levels obtained before and after endoscopic biliary drainage was performed in 60 patients.

Results

Elevated CA19-9 levels (>37 U/mL) were found in 61% of benign cases and 86% of malignancies. After biliary drainage, decrease of serum CA19-9 was observed in 19 of 38 malignant cases and in almost all benign cases (Wilcoxon matched pairs test: P = .207 and P <.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a cut-off value of 90 U/mL to be associated with improved diagnostic accuracy after biliary drainage (sensitivity 61%, specificity 95%).

Conclusions

In the presence of successfully drained obstructive jaundice, CA19-9 serum levels that remain unchanged or measure more than 90 U/mL are strongly indicative of a malignant cause of obstruction. However, the real clinical utility of this marker remains controversial.     

Carbonic anhydrase IX deposits are associated with increased ascending aortic dilatation

Objectives. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression is induced by local hypoxia. We studied whether CA IX deposits associate with ascending aortic dilatation. Design. Aortic wall histology, CA IX expression, presence of leukocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cell proliferation, elastin and collagen were studied in histological specimens collected from 30 patients who underwent surgery for ascending aorta. The samples were grouped according to presence of CA IX deposits. Results. Twenty out of 30 patients had CA IX-positive deposits within the adventitia, whereas 10 specimens remained negative. Adventitial inflammation was increased in CA IX-positive samples as compared with CA IX-negative ones (p?<?0.01). The mean diameter of the ascending aorta at the sinotubular junction increased significantly in patients with CA IX-positive staining as compared with CA IX-negative cases (63?±?3 vs 53?±?2?mm, p?<?0.02). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the association of CA IX positivity with increased ascending aortic dilatation (AUC 0.766; S.E. 0.090; p?=?0.020; 95% C.I. 0.590–0.941). Conclusions. Positive CA IX staining in certain aortic specimens suggests that increased CA activity may contribute to ascending aortic dilatation.