Perioperative,short-, and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer surgery: Propensity score-matched analysis of patients with or without prior solid organ transplantation

BackgroundDetails of perioperative outcomes and survival after gastric cancer surgery in prior transplant recipients have received minimal research attention.MethodsWe performed an observational cohort study using the database of 20,147 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at a single gastric cancer center in Korea. Forty-one solid organ recipients [kidney (n = 35), liver (n = 5), or heart (n = 1)] were matched with 205 controls using propensity score matching.ResultsOperation time, blood loss, and postoperative pain were similar between groups. Short-term complication rates were similar between transplantation and control groups (22.0% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.777). Transplantation group patients with stage 1 gastric cancer experienced no recurrence, while those with stage 2/3 cancer had significantly higher recurrence risk compared to the controls (P = 0.049). For patients with stage 1 cancer, the transplantation group had a significantly higher rate of non-gastric cancer-related deaths compared to the controls (19.2% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.001). For those with stage 2/3 cancer, significantly lower proportion of the transplantation group received adjuvant chemotherapy compared to the control group (26.7% vs. 80.3%, P < 0.001). The transplantation group had a higher (albeit not statistically significant) rate of gastric cancer-related deaths compared to the controls (40.0% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.087).ConclusionTransplant recipients and non-transplant recipients exhibited similar perioperative and short-term outcomes after gastric cancer surgery. From long-term outcome analyses, we suggest active surveillance for non-gastric cancer-related deaths in patients with early gastric cancer, as well as strict oncologic care in patients with advanced cancer, as effective strategies for transplant recipients.     

Obesity in pregnancy

The incidence of obesity in the UK is increasing, meaning more women booking for antenatal care are obese. Obesity poses many additional risks to the mother and fetus during pregnancy, labour and the puerperium. Care of obese women should aim to reduce these risks. This article will discuss the risks associated with obesity in pregnancy and the management of obese women, from preconception through to completion of the postnatal period.     

Body weight in patients with Parkinson's disease.

There is some evidence suggesting that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit lower body weight when compared to age-matched healthy subjects. Low body mass index (BMI) is correlated with low bone mineral density, both of which are major risk factors for hip fractures. Possible determinants of weight loss in PD patients include hyposmia, impaired hand-mouth coordination, difficulty chewing, dysphagia, intestinal hypomotility, depression, decreased reward processing of dopaminergic mesolimbic regions, nausea, and anorexia as the side effects of medication, and increased energy requirements due to muscular rigidity and involuntary movements. It is unclear whether PD patients in general, or only a subgroup of those affected, definitely show lower BMI in the advanced stages of the disease. We therefore recommend that the body weight of PD patients be monitored monthly as the disease progresses, and that a patient's nutrition should be supplemented with sufficient amounts of vitamin D and calcium to reduce the risk of hip fractures and strengthen bone density. Because meal times may coincide with unpredictable off periods associated with akinesia and impaired hand-mouth coordination, PD patients also need flexible food schedules that accommodate the associated symptoms of this disease.     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for patients with body mass index of ≤35 kg/m

BACKGROUND: Many mild-to-moderately obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] 30-35 kg/m(2)) have serious diseases related to their obesity. Nonoperative therapy is ineffective in the long term, yet surgery has never been made widely available to this population. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2004, 93 patients with a BMI of 30-35 kg/m(2) underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with the LAP-BAND. All patients were referred by their primary physician, entered into a comprehensive bariatric surgery program at one Australian center, and operated on by one surgeon. Data on all patients were collected prospectively and entered into an electronic registry. The study parameters included preoperative age, gender, BMI, presence of co-morbidities, percentage of excess weight loss, and resolution of co-morbidities. RESULTS: The mean age was 44.6 years (range 16-76), mean weight was 98 kg, and the mean BMI was 32.7 kg/m(2) (range 30-34). Of the 93 patients, 42 (45%) had co-morbidities, including asthma, diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea. The proportion of patients in follow-up was 79%, 85%, and 89% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The mean weight was reduced to 71 kg at 1 year, 72 kg at 2 years, and 72 kg at 3 years. The mean BMI was reduced to 27.2 +/- 2.2, 27.3 +/- 3.1, and 27.6 +/- 3.7 kg/m(2), respectively, and the mean percentage of excess weight loss was 57.9% +/- 24.5%, 57.6 +/- 29.3%, and 53.8% +/- 32.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. At 3 years, the BMI was 18-24 kg/m(2) in 34%, 25-29 kg/m(2) in 51%, and 30-35 kg/m(2) in 10%. At 3 years, the percentage of excess weight loss was <25% in 10%, 25-50% in 24%, 50-75% in 51%, and >75% in 10%. The co-morbidities improved or completely resolved in most patients. No mortality occurred. CONCLUSION: We are very encouraged by this series of low BMI patients treated with the LAP-BAND. Their weight loss has been good, the complications have been minimal, and the co-morbidities have partially or wholly resolved. With additional study, it is reasonable to expect the weight guidelines for bariatric surgery to be altered to include patients with a BMI of 30-35 kg/m(2).     

胰腺导管癌中血管生成、细胞增殖指数、DNA倍性检测的临床意义

目的:探讨血管生成、细胞增殖指数、DNA倍性在胰腺导管癌发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法:对29例胰腺导管癌和7例慢性胰腺炎患者的石蜡包埋标本作苏木精鄄伊红(HE)染色,CD34、Ki67免疫组织化学染色,镜下计算微血管密度(MVD)及Ki67阳性细胞比例,同时用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞核DNA倍性,计算异倍体出现率及S期比例,并结合临床病理资料对各项指标作相关分析。结果:胰腺导管癌和慢性胰腺炎都有较多的新生血管。MVD值在胰腺导管癌高、中、低分化3组之间差异无显著性。按肿瘤直径分为≤1.5cm、1.6～2.9cm、≥3cm3组,此3组间MVD值、Ki67阳性细胞百分率、DNA异倍体出现率及肿瘤周围有无浸润的差异都非常显著(P<0.01)。肿瘤越大,MVD值、Ki67阳性细胞百分率及DNA异倍体出现率越高。结论:胰腺导管癌的发生、发展伴血管生成和DNA合成增加,联合测定MVD、Ki67阳性细胞百分率、DNA倍型可能为胰腺导管癌临床预后预测提供辅助参考指标。     

Relationship between serum albumin level before initiating haemodialysis and angiographic severity of coronary atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease patients.

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), although strong associations have been observed between malnutrition and atherosclerosis, the relationship between serum albumin concentration and angiographic changes of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly explored. The goal of the present study was, in patients with CKD, to clarify the relationship between the angiographic severity of CAD and serum albumin concentration reflecting either inflammation or nutrition or both. METHODS: In this study, 100 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients were enrolled, who commenced long-term dialysis therapy at our hospital and underwent coronary angiography within 3 months of the first haemodialysis (HD) session. Mean age was 63+/-11 years, 20% of the subjects were female and 62% had diabetes. Severity of CAD was evaluated in terms of (i) number of vessels exhibiting CAD (>or=75% stenosis) and (ii) Gensini score (GS). Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were recorded at initiation of long-term HD therapy. We then evaluated a possible association with the presence and degree of CAD. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients exhibited signs of CAD. Forty-one among them (64%) had multivessel disease. On univariate logistic regression analysis, age, diabetes and hypoalbuminaemia were significantly associated with multivessel CAD. Univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation of age and diabetes with GS, and an inverse correlation of BMI and serum albumin level with GS. Stepwise regression analysis showed age and serum albumin level to be independently associated with multivessel CAD and GS. The ROC curves demonstrated best cut-off levels of age and albumin for predicting multivessel CAD to be 70 years and 3.15 g/dl, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hypoalbuminaemia at the initiation of dialysis is an important predictor of advanced CAD, particularly in male and in diabetic patients. It may reflect mainly a state of inflammation. However, malnutrition as a confounding factor cannot be entirely excluded.     

An experimentally supported, mathematical explanation of the gas chromatographic elution behaviour of the long-chain carbon members of the homologous series

By substituting the saturated vapour phase tension of the pure normal hydrocarbons described by the Clausius-Clapeyron law into the accepted expression of the specific retention volume (V_g,T), a theoretically coherent and relatively simple mathematical evidence of the elution behaviour of the homologous members has been deduced. It gives exponential retention time dependence on carbon number for isothermal, and nearly equidistant (i.e., approximately linear retention-time dependence on carbon number) elution for linear temperature programmed gas chromatographic runs. The final equations are in close correlation with the experimental results. Special emphasis is placed on the fact that a good approximation—not strict physical laws—have been found.     

氯氮平、氟哌啶醇和氯丙嗪对慢性精神分裂症患者糖、脂代谢及体质量的影响

目的 探讨氯氮平、氟哌啶醇和氯丙嗪对慢性精神分裂症患者的糖、脂代谢和体质量的影响。方法 对服用氯氮平（89例，氯氮平组），服用氟哌啶醇（87例，氟哌啶醇组）及服用氯丙嗪（83例，氯丙嗪组）治疗的慢性精神分裂症患者于治疗前后的不同时间进行血糖、胰岛素、血脂及体质量测定，并做相关因素分析。结果 氯氮平组治疗第90天和第180天空腹血糖异常（空腹血浆血糖〉7.0mmo/L）的发生率分别为8％及24％，氟哌啶醇组分别为1％和2％，氯丙嗪组分别为1％及4％。治疗第90天氯氮平组和氯丙嗪组的空腹及餐后2h血糖浓度均较治疗前升高，治疗第180天的血糖浓度高于第90天，氟哌啶醇组各时点的变化则不明显；差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。治疗第90天，氯氮平组的体质量平均高于治疗前5．5％，氯丙嗪组高于治疗前4．8％；治疗第180天两组分别高于治疗前9．1％和7．4％；氟哌啶醇组则无明显变化；三组间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。三组患者治疗第180天的胰岛素浓度均高于治疗前，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01），但三组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。氯氮平组和氯丙嗪组的胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度均高于治疗前，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01），氟哌啶醇组则无明显变化。治疗第180天氯氮平组和氯丙嗪组患者血糖、胰岛素、血脂浓度与体质量均有一定相关性（r=0．23-0．39）；氯氮平组的血糖、体质量、血脂代谢还与血药浓度呈显著性相关（r=0．28-0．62），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论 氯氮平和氯丙嗪治疗影响慢性精神分裂症患者的糖、脂代谢及体质量。     

肥胖者骨密度与体重及其他体成分关系的研究

目的肥胖易伴发多种慢性疾病。本文探讨肥胖者体重与体成份(脂肪、肌肉)之间的关系及其对临床减重的意义。方法经临床确诊系单纯性肥胖者45例,男17例,女28例。使用美国LunarDPX-L型双能X线吸收测量仪(DXA),测量全身骨、第2~4腰椎、股骨颈骨矿密度(BMD)及体脂肪和肌肉量,并计算体重指数(BMI=W/H2)、体重(kg)/身高(m)即W/H数值进行比较分析。结果男性体重平均94.54±17.41kg,BMI33±4.87。女性体重平均124.37±14.0kg,BMI35.41±6.39。男女两性全身BMD与体重相关,分别为r=0.415,P<0.05,r=0.529,P<0.0025。女性体重与脂肪、肌肉之间呈正相关分别为r=0.522,P<0.0025、r=0.612,P<0.005。男性体重与BMI、W/H及全身肌肉量相关,与脂肪组织无明显相关。男女性W/H较BMI相关系数高。男性全身BMD与全身肌肉量正相关r=0.421,P<0.05。女性全身及股骨颈BMD与脂肪量相关r=0.360,P<0.05、r=0.323,P<0.05。女性全身肌肉量与股骨颈BMD呈正相关r=0.373,P<0.05。结论①肥胖者体重增加,男性以肌肉增加为主,女性脂肪和肌肉都增加;②男性全身骨密度增高与肌肉量增加有关,而女性则主要为脂肪量增加;③女性肌肉、脂肪量与股骨颈BMD密切相关;④体重(kg)/身高(m)比计算体重指数能更准确地反映总体肥胖的程度。     

充气温控毯用于神经外科手术患者的控温效果

目的评价充气温控毯用于神经外科手术患者的控温效果。方法40例择期行平卧位脑肿瘤切除术患者,年龄16—65岁,体重41-72 kg,ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=20):A组,术中充气温控毯24℃风档进行降温,肿瘤切除完毕前30 min进行复温;B组,术中充气温控毯维持中心温度正常(35．2—36．60℃)。均采用气管内静吸复合麻醉,静脉注射异丙酚1．5～2 mg／kg、芬太尼4-6μg／kg、维库溴铵0．1～0．2 mg／kg诱导,吸入0．6％-1．2％异氟醚维持;吸入氧浓度40％;异丙酚1．5～2 mg·kg-1·h-1持续输注;维库溴铵1～2 mg间断静脉注射。每5分钟记录1次中心温度(鼻咽温),观察围术期不良反应及并发症。结果A组2例患者因手术时间超过24 h剔除,共38例进行统计。A组患者降温速率(1．11±0．05)℃／h,复温速率(0．74±0．09)℃／h。A组患者89％(16/18)在硬脑膜打开前达到目标温度34℃,平台期平均中心温度(34．3±0．5)℃,距34℃最大升幅0．52℃,最大降幅为0．23℃。A组患者67％(12／18)手术结束时中心温度恢复正常。返回ICU后A组患者中心温度(返回ICU时实测温度的均值)(35．8±0．6)℃低于B组(36．6±0．4)℃(P<0．05)。A组患者4例术后出现寒颤、3例发热、1例死亡。结论神经外科手术中应用充气温控毯可较理想地降低体温,相对于降温效率其复温效率偏低。