石椒草化学成分研究

采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20和制备型高效液相等色谱方法对石椒草属植物石椒草Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa全草乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位进行分离纯化,同时根据化合物波谱数据对单体化合物进行结构鉴定。从石油醚萃取部位共分离鉴定了15个香豆素类化合物,结构鉴定分别为：欧芹烯酮酚甲醚（1）、九里香素（2）、3-(1,1-二甲基烯丙基)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基香豆素（3）、花椒毒素（4）、异茴芹素（5）、状芸香素（6）、异去甲基呋喃羽叶芸香素（7）、欧前胡素（8）、珊瑚菜内脂（9）、白芷脑素（10）、白当归素（11）、新比克白芷内酯（12）、chalepin(13)、鲁望桔内酯（14）、3-(1,1-二甲基烯丙基)-花椒内酯（15）。化合物1～3、6～10和14～15均首次从石椒草中分离得到。     

The differential effect of BMI on prosthetic versus autogenous breast reconstruction: A multivariate analysis of 12,986 patients

BackgroundThe comparative safety of breast reconstruction in obese patients remains to be clearly defined. This study utilized multi-institutional data to characterize the effect of body mass index (BMI) on breast reconstruction outcomes.MethodsUtilizing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, patients undergoing tissue expander, pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and free flap breast reconstruction were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified as obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30). Overall postoperative morbidity, flap complications, non-flap complications, and reoperation rates were compared among the groups.ResultsOf 12,986 patients who underwent breast reconstruction, 3636 (28.0%) were obese. Overall morbidity was significantly elevated in obese patients across all forms of reconstruction (p < 0.05). BMI was correlated with increased surgical complications for tissue expander, pedicled TRAM, and free flap reconstructions (OR = 1.09, OR = 1.05, OR = 1.10, respectively; p < 0.05). Medical complications were higher in obese patients undergoing tissue expander and pedicled TRAM reconstructions (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in latissimus and free flap reconstruction patients. Compared with obese tissue expander recipients, obese patients reconstructed using autologous tissue had higher rates of reoperations (12.8% versus 9.1%), overall morbidity (18.0% versus 9.5%), surgical (12.7% versus 8.3%), and medical complications (9.0% versus 2.2%).ConclusionsThe NSQIP database allows for evaluation and comparison of reconstructive outcomes in the obese population. Increased BMI was associated with higher morbidity in autologous reconstruction than tissue expander reconstruction. Among autologous procedures, latissimus flaps experienced the lowest captured 30 day morbidity.     

体重质量指数与557例绝经后妇女骨密度变化的关系研究

目的 了解不同的年龄绝经后妇女不同体重质量指数(BMI)与不同部位骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法 来自门诊健康体检的557名绝经后妇女(肝肾等疾病除外),年龄范围50~78岁。用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测定腰椎(L2-4)、股骨颈、Ward's三角及Troch等部位的BMD,同时计算BMI。根据BMI将研究对象分为3组:低体重组(BMI≤20 kg／m2)、正常体重组(25≥BMI>20 kg/m2)及超重组(BMI>25 kg/m2)。根据年龄又分为3组(50-,60-,70~78岁),用方差分析的方法进行各组间均数的统计学分析。结果不同BMI组总体不同部位的BMD方差分析比较有极显著意义P<0.01,高BMI组的BMD均值明显增高;进一步对同一年龄组不同BMI组的不同部位的BMD均值比较,各组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.01),特别是低体重组的骨密度明显低于其他两组BMI组的BMD。结论BMI与绝经后妇女的骨密度有显著相关,但低体重的绝经后妇女作为骨折的危险人群应受到更多的关注:对于超重的绝经后妇女,通过增加体重的方式增加BMD是危险的,因为超重与高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、心肌梗死及中风有一定的关系;通过其他途径:如年轻时加强运动、多饮牛奶、不盲目减肥等,提高妇女峰值骨含量是非常重要的。     

Orthostatic hypotension predicts motor decline in early Parkinson disease

BackgroundOrthostatic hypotension is increasingly reported as a risk factor for development of late-stage disease features in Parkinson disease (PD). Less is known about its significance in individuals with early PD who are often targeted for neuroprotective trials.MethodsUsing data from the CALM-PD trial (n = 275), we explored whether early orthostatic hypotension predicts a decline in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II (activities of daily living) or UDPRS III (motor) score after 102 weeks. We also explored risk factors for worsening orthostatic hypotension over a nearly 2-year period.ResultsAfter controlling for age, disease duration, gender, study drug, change in mini-mental status exam score, levodopa equivalent dose, and baseline UPDRS II or III score respectively, the degree of orthostatic hypotension at enrollment associated with a worsening in UPDRS motor score (t = 2.40, p = 0.017) at week 102 but not with UPDRS ADL score (t = 0.83, p = 0.409). Worsening in orthostatic hypotension during the study associated with longer disease duration (t = 2.37, p = 0.019) and lower body mass index (BMI) (t = −2.96, p = 0.003).ConclusionsBaseline orthostatic hypotension is a predictor of UPDRS motor decline in individuals with early PD and should be accounted for in clinical trial design. Low BMI may predict orthostatic hypotension in PD.     

Processing emotional body expressions: state-of-the-art

Processing emotional body expressions has become recently an important topic in affective and social neuroscience along with the investigation of facial expressions. The objective of the study is to review the literature on emotional body expressions in order to discuss the current state of knowledge on this topic and identify directions for future research. The following electronic databases were searched: PsychINFO, Ebsco, ERIC, ProQuest, Sagepub, and SCOPUS using terms such as “body,” “bodily expression,” “body perception,” “emotions,” “posture,” “body recognition” and combinations of them. The synthesis revealed several research questions that were addressed in neuroimaging, electrophysiological and behavioral studies. Among them, one important question targeted the neural mechanisms of emotional processing of body expressions to specific subsections regarding the time course for the integration of emotional signals from face and body, as well as the role of context in the perception of emotional signals. Processing bodily expression of emotion is similar to processing facial expressions, and the holistic processing is extended to the whole person. The current state-of-the-art in processing emotional body expressions may lead to a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of social behavior. At the end of the review, suggestions for future research directions are presented.     

The influence of obesity on the motor coordination in children between 6 and 9 years of age

ObjectiveObesity is the most common childhood illness in developed countries and its prevalence continues to increase. The objective was to analyze the influence of obesity on the motor coordination of children between 6 and 9 years old.Equipment and methodsA number of 52 pupils of both genders participated for evaluation of the prevalence of obesity using the measurement of the abdominal perimeter and the Body Mass Index (BMI) categorized as Normal-Weighted, Excess Weight and Obesity. The assessment of motor coordination was performed by the KTK test. SPSS (version 19.0) was used for statistical purposes.ResultsGirls had lower levels of performance rather than boys, and the pupils presented worse levels of motor performance as the age progressed. Regarding the prevalence of obesity, the two-gender obtained high mean values for the Normal-weighted category, whereas 25% is overweight. Regarding the level of motor coordination, 57.7% of the pupils had Normal Coordination and 40.4% had coordinative difficulties. Pupils with higher values of BMI and abdominal perimeter obtains lower results of motor coordination.     

Forensic medical characteristics of firearm exit wounds in cases with armour protection

BackgroundThe very limited literature about the characteristic morphology of the firearm ammunition wounds in the body armored victims led authors to conduct an experimental study to understand this issue of great forensic and medico-legal importance.PurposeAn autopsy of a male sniper was fraught with a challenge to differentiate between a firearm ammunition entry and exit wound. He was wearing body armour when shot at during a hostage rescue operation. The study was conducted to standardize the findings and answer the queries in such cases of forearms with inherent legal implications.MethodologyThe modifying effect of the clothing and the armour on the firearm injuries in humans was studied by test firings on animal (pig) cadaver tissues, which has closest simulation to the human body tissues. These firings were preceded by X-ray fluorescence, and followed by stereoscopic and spectroscopic examinations. All the events were recorded by the high-resolution video camera shoots.ResultsAn extensive cavitation in the form of a cone shaped crater, and a tissue defect with precipitated edges and patching of the epidermal layers indicated a firearm entry and exit wound, respectively, in victims wearing body armour at the time of the firearm injury.     

Association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy

Objective To investigate the influence of obesity on renal lesion in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients by analyzing the association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors (ARR). Method Clinical-pathological data of IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected retrospectively. According to the body mass index (BMI), patients were divided into non-obese group (BMI＜28, N-OB group) and obese group (BMI≥28, OB group). Their clinical characteristics, pathological index and ARR scores were compared. The relationship of BMI and ARR was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression models. Results (1) A total of 674 IgAN patients with mean age of 35.5±11.3 years were enrolled, including 94 in OB group and 580 in N-OB group respectively. Compared with those in the N-OB group, the proportion of male, age, mean arterial pressure, blood uric acid, blood triglyceride, diabetes mellitus and hypertension increased in OB group (all P＜0.01). Patients in OB group had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher ARR score than those in N-OB group (all P＜0.05). (2) More severe thickening renal small artery wall and hyaline degeneration were observed in the OB group than in the N-OB group (all P＜0.01). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Lee classification, Oxford classification, mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular sclerosis, crescent formation, renal tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammatory cell in filtration and endothelial cell proliferation. (3) After adjusting for age, sex, blood uric acid, serum albumin, eGFR, low density lipoprotein, glomerular sclerosis, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular atrophy and vascular wall thickening, BMI was still an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients (OR=1.09, 95%CI 1.03-1.14). Conclusions BMI is an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients. Early prevention and control of obesity and its associated risk factors may improve outcomes of IgAN patients.     

A shared biomechanical environment for bone and posture development in children

Background Context

In each specific habitual standing posture, gravitational forces determine the mechanical setting provided to skeletal structures. Bone quality and resistance to physical stress is highly determined by habitual mechanical stimulation. However, the relationship between bone properties and sagittal posture has never been studied in children.

Facile semi-automated forensic body fluid identification by multiplex solution hybridization of NanoString® barcode probes to specific mRNA targets

A DNA profile from the perpetrator does not reveal, per se, the circumstances by which it was transferred. Body fluid identification by mRNA profiling may allow extraction of contextual ‘activity level’ information from forensic samples. Here we describe the development of a prototype multiplex digital gene expression (DGE) method for forensic body fluid/tissue identification based upon solution hybridization of color-coded NanoString^® probes to 23 mRNA targets. The method identifies peripheral blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin. We showed that a simple 5 min room temperature cellular lysis protocol gave equivalent results to standard RNA isolation from the same source material, greatly enhancing the ease-of-use of this method in forensic sample processing.We first describe a model for gene expression in a sample from a single body fluid and then extend that model to mixtures of body fluids. We then describe calculation of maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of body fluid quantities in a sample, and we describe the use of likelihood ratios to test for the presence of each body fluid in a sample. Known single source samples of blood, semen, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin all demonstrated the expected tissue-specific gene expression for at least two of the chosen biomarkers. Saliva samples were more problematic, with their previously identified characteristic genes exhibiting poor specificity. Nonetheless the most specific saliva biomarker, HTN3, was expressed at a higher level in saliva than in any of the other tissues.Crucially, our algorithm produced zero false positives across this study's 89 unique samples. As a preliminary indication of the ability of the method to discern admixtures of body fluids, five mixtures were prepared. The identities of the component fluids were evident from the gene expression profiles of four of the five mixtures. Further optimization of the biomarker ‘CodeSet’ will be required before it can be used in casework, particularly with respect to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the saliva biomarkers. With suitable modifications, this simplified protocol with minimal hands on requirement should facilitate routine use of mRNA profiling in casework laboratories.