体质指数与非吸烟女性肺癌关系的病例对照研究

研究分析体质指数与非吸烟女性肺癌的关系。方法１９９２年２月至１９９３年１２月,上海地区开展的一项大规模女性肺癌人群基础上的病例对照研究,共调查了非吸烟女性肺癌病例５０４例及人群对照６０１例。     

商品猪运输后体温变化及相关因素的研究

应用常规体温检测方法,对2401头经基层食品经营站检疫合格的商品猪,经汽车集中运输至肉联厂后进行体温检测。结果:商品猪体温范围为36.4～42.6℃,月平均体温最低38.8℃,最高40.6℃,平均为39.4℃。6、7、8月体温最高,1、2、3月最低。母性比公性体温高,长白比本地黑猪体温高。     

Inhibition of dopamine release in the cat caudate nucleus by nigral application of glycine

"Encéphale isolé" cats were implanted with two push-pull cannulae, one in the left caudate nucleus and the other in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. L-3,5(-3)H-Tyrosine was introduced continuously into the caudate nucleus to study the release of 3H-DA. Glycine (10(-5)M) added to the superfusing medium of the push-pull cannula inserted into the substantia nigra reduced (25%) the spontaneous release of 3H-DA. Conversely, strychnine (10(-5)M) slightly stimulated the 3H-transmitter release. The inhibiting effect of glycine (10(-5)M) on 3H-DA release was no longer seen in the presence of strychnine (10(-5) M). The results support the hypothesis of a tonic glycinergic inhibitory control of the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.     

Withdrawal-like behaviour induced by inhibitors of biogenic amine reuptake in rats treated chronically with Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol

The effects of the biogenic amine reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine, clomipramine and imipramine on the behaviour of rats after chronic treatment with ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁹-THC) for 5 and 10 days were examined. Rats with permanently in-dwelling IV cannulae were injected twice daily with doses of ⁹-THC (2–6 mg/kg). ⁹-THC treatment reduced the rate of body weight gain and induced the typical biphasic modifications of behaviour. Tolerance developed to both of these effects. On days 6 and 11 of the experiment, rats were injected IP with 15 mg/kg imipramine HCl, clomipramine HCl or fluoxetine HCl, and behaviour, consisting of writhes, backward kicks, jumps and wet shakes, was observed for the next 30 min. Each of the amine reuptake inhibitors induced changes in behaviour, the severity of which appeared to correlate with their ability to inhibit the reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). It is suggested that tryptaminergic mechanisms are involved in the production of a withdrawal-like behaviour after chronic ⁹-THC treatment.     

Effects of gamma-vinyl GABA (vigabatrin) on blood pressure and body weight of hypertensive and normotensive rats

Summary Inactivation of GABA was inhibited by -vinyl GABA (GVG) and the effects of the increased GABA level in the brain on blood pressure and body weight of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY) were investigated.When started at the age of 8 weeks or 5 weeks, treatment of SHR and WKY with GVG (150 mg/kg, s.c.) for several weeks did not influence systolic blood pressure. In 1-week old SHR, treatment with GVG (up to 150 mg/kg, s.c.) abolished the rise in blood pressure until animals were 8 weeks old. Thereafter, arterial blood pressure started to increase but it remained distinctly lower than that in untreated animals. When started at the age of 1 week, treatment with GVG for 7 weeks did not influence arterial blood pressure in WKY. GVG delayed increase in body weight in SHR and WKY, irrespective of their age. GVG greatly increased GABA levels in the hypothalamus, frontal cortex, brainstem and rest of the brain in both WKY and SHR.It is concluded that an increase in the GABA level in the brain leads to a delay in the development of hypertension in young SHR. Hence, development of genetic hypertension seems to be susceptible to activation of the GABAergic system in a very early critical phase only. Send offprint requests to N. Singewald at the above addressThis work was supported by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung     

Menstrual patterns in Danish elite swimmers

Summary Questionnaires were given to 140 female elite swimmers from the highest ranking division in the Danish Swimming Association inquiring about their menstrual history. Eighty-nine percent completed the questionnaires. We found a very low incidence of menstrual dysfunction (16%) compared to other groups of endurance trained females. Hard physical endurance training did not seem to delay the onset of menarche among swimmers. Furthermore, no difference in adjusted body mass between a group with oligomenorrhoea and a normal menstruating group could be demonstrated. The study indicated that the influence of body mass or body fat content was a more important factor in menstrual function than the amount of training or psychological stress.     

Two arcane areas in liposuction: The banana and the sensuous triangle

Two new approaches in suction lipectomy of the buttocks region are described: liposuction of the banana and liposuction of the sensuous triangle. The banana is the highest part of the posterior thigh just below the buttocks crease. It appears only in certain individuals and appears as a buldge under the buttocks crease. The preferred approach to liposuction of the banana is discussed as well as a theory as to its etiology. A common complication of liposuction of this area is ptosis of the buttocks crease. Methods of treatment of this complication are also discussed. The second topic addressed is liposuction of the sensuous triangle which is at the junction of the lateral buttocks, lateral thigh, and posterior thigh. The result of suctioning this area is a more athletic-appearing buttocks region.Presented at the 7th Annual Meeting of the Lipoplasty Society of North America, San Francisco, California, October 29, 1989     

Phase shift in temperature rhythm ffter transmeridian flight,as related to pre-flight phase angle

Summary Further analysis of temperature rhythms obtained in an earlier study of 38 subjects subjected to an 8-h eastward transmeridian flight showed that the extent to which the phase of the rhythm was shifted after the flight was related to the phase angle of the pre-flight rhythm. Late peakers shifted more than early peakers, and this difference between the two types was still as large after 12 days in the new time zone as on the first day. Because the phase-shift was an advance one, this meant that the pre-flight individual differences in phase-angle were abolished by the flight, and had not re-appeared by the end of the observation period. It is suggested that this may have been due to an increase in the rigidity of the routine in the post-flight stage of the study, and that a similar effect may also occur in a switch from day to shiftwork.     

Evidence for a receptor supersensitivity following impairment of central serotoninergic activity in the rabbit

Summary In order to investigate whether a chronic impairment of neuronal serotoninergic transmission in the CNS could result in a receptor supersensitivity, rabbits were pretreated either with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and then tested for their hyperthermic response to serotoninergic agonists.A previous (10 days before) intracerebroventricular injection of 5,6-DHT (75 g into each cerebral ventricle) significantly potentiated the increase in body temperature induced either by quipazine (1 mg/kg i.v.) or by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP 2 mg/kg i.v.) in combination with a MAO inhibitor (phenylethylhydrazine 10 mg/kg i.v. 16 h before). Pretreatment with PCPA (100 mg/kg s.c. four times on alternate days, the last dose 48 h before the experiment) also enhanced the hyperthermic effect of quipazine, whereas it inhibited the hyperthermic response to 5-HTP plus MAO inhibitor.These results suggest the exstence of a receptor supersensitivity following prolonged blockade of serotoninergic neuronal transmission in the CNS.Supported by C.N.R. grant n. 75.00620.04.115.2380     

海带药用研究进展

概述了近年来有关海带的化学成分和它在调节血脂、降血糖、降血压、抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗突变和防辐射、抗病毒、增强免疫功能等方面的研究进展。