生物电子阻抗测定用于评估腹部肿瘤病人手术前后的营养状况

目的：评估生物电子阻抗测定对腹部肿瘤病人手术前,后营养状况分析的有效性。方法;选择２４例腹部肿瘤病人,用ＢＩＡ分别测得术前和术后第５天的电阻和感应电阻,通过计算机ＲＪＬ系统计算出身体细胞质量,脂肪和身体总水含量值,并与白蛋白和体重的变化相比较。结果;术后５天时,ＢＣＭ的下降具有显著性差异,这与白蛋白,ＦＡＴ,ＴＢＷ和体重的下降是一致的。     

Inhibition of dopamine release in the cat caudate nucleus by nigral application of glycine

"Encéphale isolé" cats were implanted with two push-pull cannulae, one in the left caudate nucleus and the other in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. L-3,5(-3)H-Tyrosine was introduced continuously into the caudate nucleus to study the release of 3H-DA. Glycine (10(-5)M) added to the superfusing medium of the push-pull cannula inserted into the substantia nigra reduced (25%) the spontaneous release of 3H-DA. Conversely, strychnine (10(-5)M) slightly stimulated the 3H-transmitter release. The inhibiting effect of glycine (10(-5)M) on 3H-DA release was no longer seen in the presence of strychnine (10(-5) M). The results support the hypothesis of a tonic glycinergic inhibitory control of the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.     

Two arcane areas in liposuction: The banana and the sensuous triangle

Two new approaches in suction lipectomy of the buttocks region are described: liposuction of the banana and liposuction of the sensuous triangle. The banana is the highest part of the posterior thigh just below the buttocks crease. It appears only in certain individuals and appears as a buldge under the buttocks crease. The preferred approach to liposuction of the banana is discussed as well as a theory as to its etiology. A common complication of liposuction of this area is ptosis of the buttocks crease. Methods of treatment of this complication are also discussed. The second topic addressed is liposuction of the sensuous triangle which is at the junction of the lateral buttocks, lateral thigh, and posterior thigh. The result of suctioning this area is a more athletic-appearing buttocks region.Presented at the 7th Annual Meeting of the Lipoplasty Society of North America, San Francisco, California, October 29, 1989     

Phase shift in temperature rhythm ffter transmeridian flight,as related to pre-flight phase angle

Summary Further analysis of temperature rhythms obtained in an earlier study of 38 subjects subjected to an 8-h eastward transmeridian flight showed that the extent to which the phase of the rhythm was shifted after the flight was related to the phase angle of the pre-flight rhythm. Late peakers shifted more than early peakers, and this difference between the two types was still as large after 12 days in the new time zone as on the first day. Because the phase-shift was an advance one, this meant that the pre-flight individual differences in phase-angle were abolished by the flight, and had not re-appeared by the end of the observation period. It is suggested that this may have been due to an increase in the rigidity of the routine in the post-flight stage of the study, and that a similar effect may also occur in a switch from day to shiftwork.     

Cross-Cultural Understanding of Aesthetic Surgery: The Male Cosmetic Surgery Patient in Japan and the USA

This review describes the historical development of aesthetic surgery in Japan and parallels with the development of the specialty in the United States. The focus is on the consequences of aesthetic surgery in the male patient when collaboration between mental health clinicians and surgeons lags. The cultural, social, and psychological issues raised are relevant to the diverse cultural groups now seeking aesthetic surgery in the United States. Case illustrations are a reminder to aesthetic surgeons of the potential need for more comprehensive evaluation in the group of male patients who may be at added risk for negative outcomes in terms of satisfaction.     

Long-term effects on feeding and body weight after stimulation of forebrain or hindbrain CRH receptors with urocortin

Research on the contribution of CRH receptor stimulation to energy homeostasis has focused on forebrain substrates. In this study, we explored the effects of caudal brainstem administration of the CRH receptor agonist, urocortin, on food intake and body weight, and on plasma glucose and corticosterone (CORT) in non-deprived rats. Urocortin (0, 0.3, 1, 3 microg) delivered, respectively, to the fourth and lateral ventricles yielded substantial suppression of food intake measured 2, 4 and 24 h later. A significant but more modest anorexia was observed between 24 and 48 h after injection. Intake responses did not differ between the injection sites, but body weight loss measured 24 h after lateral-i.c.v. injection was substantially greater than that after fourth-i.c.v. injection. Fourth-i.c.v. urocortin administration (3 microg) produced substantial elevations in plasma glucose and CORT that were not distinguishable in magnitude and duration from responses to lateral-i.c.v. delivery. Unilateral microinjection of urocortin into the dorsal vagal complex significantly reduced 24-h food intake at a dose (0.1 microg) that was subthreshold for the response to ventricular administration, suggesting that fourth-i.c.v. effects are mediated in part by stimulation of CRH receptors in this region of the caudal brainstem. The results indicate that similar effects can be obtained from stimulation of anatomically disparate populations of CRH receptors, and that interactions between forebrain and hindbrain structures should be considered in the evaluation of CRH contributions to food intake and body weight control.     

内蒙古西部地区城乡蒙汉族女生经前准备情况

目的了解城乡蒙汉族中小学女生的经前准备情况,为开展青春期健康教育提供科学依据.方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对蒙汉族中小学女生6 298名进行经前准备情况调查.结果城乡蒙汉族中小学女生的经前教育情况城市好于农村,汉族好于蒙族,但总体情况不容乐观.对月经感到紧张忧虑的女生其月经失调、痛经和经前期紧张综合征的发生率均较高.结论应对中小学女生进行正确的、恰当的经前教育,以确保其身心健康.     

火电厂自然降尘对几种人体正常菌株生长的影响

目的研究火电厂自然沉降粉尘对3株人体正常菌的生长作用机制。方法分析所选火电厂粉尘的物相、主要化学成分及粒度分布,测定粉尘与各菌株相互作用后,菌落数、培养基pH值、葡萄糖(GLU)、电解质等相对试验对照样的变化,同时进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,观察粉尘颗粒与各细菌的界面接触情况。结果3株人体正常菌与火电厂粉尘作用后,Ca2 、Mg2 浓度最大与细菌对照组(0.58mmol/L和0.38mmol/L)相比分别增加了0.69mmol/L(P<0.05)和0.16mmol/L(P<0.05),菌落数与细菌对照组(17×1011CFU/L)相比分别增加了1×1011CFU/L和12×1011CFU/L(P<0.05),而GLU的消耗量、pH值以及其他电解质等变化不明显。结论适量浓度的所选火电厂粉尘对人体正常菌株的生长影响不明显,但火电厂粉尘对人体体表正常菌(表皮葡萄球菌)的生长影响更为显著,更易造成其平衡失调。     

降低体重指数对原发性高血压病降压效果的影响及其临床意义

目的探讨降低体重指数(BodyMassIndex,BMI)对原发性高血压病降压效果的影响及其临床意义。方法选择40例超重或肥胖的(BMI≥24)原发性高血压病患者,分为治疗组与对照组,降低治疗组患者的体重指数,同时观察两组治疗前后血压的变化。结果发现治疗组患者降低体重指数后血压有明显下降,与对照组相比有显著的临床意义(P<0.05)。结论降低超重或肥胖的高血压病患者的体重指数可起到一定的降压效果,应注意降低患者的体重指数。     

Changes in Alcohol Consumption,Eating Behaviors,and Body Weight during Quarantine Measures: Analysis of the CoCo-Fakt Study

IntroductionPublic health measures enacted to reduce COVID-19 transmission have affected individuals'' lifestyles, mental health, and psychological well-being. To date, little is known how stay-at-home orders have influenced the eating behaviors, weight development, and alcohol consumption of quarantined persons. The CoCo-Fakt cohort study analyzed these parameters and their association with psychological distress and coping strategies.MethodsAn online survey was conducted of all persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (infected persons [IP]) between December 12, 2020, and January 6, 2021, as well as their close contacts (contact persons [CP]) registered by the public health department of Cologne. 8,075 of 33,699 individuals were included in the analysis. In addition to demographic data, psychological distress, and coping strategies, information on changes in body weight, eating, and drinking behaviors was collected.ResultsIP lost 1.2 ± 4.4 kg during the quarantine period, and CP gained 1.6 ± 4.1 kg. The reasons given by IP for weight change were mainly loss of taste and feeling sick, whereas CP were more likely than IP to eat out of boredom. Higher psychological burden and lower coping strategies were associated with both weight gain and loss. Of the 30.8% of participants who changed their alcohol consumption during the quarantine period, CP in particular drank more alcohol (IP 15.2%; CP 47.7%). Significantly less alcohol was consumed by individuals with higher coping scores.ConclusionIn this short but psychologically stressful period of stay-at-home orders, changes in eating and drinking behavior as well as weight development are evident, mainly in high-risk contacts. To avoid possible long-term sequelae, health authorities should take these findings into account during the quarantine period; in particular, general practitioners should consider these findings during follow-up.