Reduction in Internal Carotid Arterial Blood Flow Velocity in Children During Antiepileptic Drug Therapy with Clinical Dosages

Summary: We studied the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow velocity, as an index of total cerebral blood flow (CBF). The subjects were 45 newly diagnosed children with febrile convulsion or epilepsy who were seizure-free for a period long enough not to affect the results. They had no neurologic deficit, received fixed monotherapy, and were examined by a noninvasive Doppler ultrasound method, in comparisonwith 13 age-matched normal volunteers with no AED. In 30 patients, the measurements were performed before and after AED administration [10 with phenobarbital (PB), 10 with carbamazepine (CBZ), and 10 with valproate (VPA)], and performed before and after AED discontinuation in the remaining 15 patients (all with PB). Normal volunteers underwent the two consecutive examinations with a mean interval equal to that of the entire patient group, and there was no difference in velocity values between the measurements. In patients receiving CBZ or VPA, a significant reduction was noted in blood flow velocity after drug administration. Although velocity values in the patients receiving PB did not change after drug administration, they were significantly increased after complete discontinuation. In the present study, a slight but significant reduction in CBF caused by AED administration at therapeutic doses in children was suggested.     

血压家庭相似性研究

本文报道了北京市房山区１１４７人血压家庭相似性研究结果。亲子代回归法得出的血压遗传度估计值为０．４２（收缩压）和０．４８（舒张压），全同胞相关法得出的血压遗传度估计值为０．３７（收缩压）和０．５３（舒张压）。两种方法得出的遗传度估计值相差不大，这一结果提示血压的遗传符合加性多基因模型。本文报道的血压遗传度没有区分遗传效应和共同生活环境效应。此外，本文强调了将血压作为数量性状采用数量遗传学方法进行遗传度估计的合理性和有效性。     

窒息新生儿生后24小时血糖的检测结果分析

目的 :探讨窒息新生儿生后 2 4小时血糖的变化及意义。方法 :93例新生儿于生后 2 4小时内、治疗前抽血送检 ,2 0例正常新生儿于生后次日清晨抽血送检。血糖由全自动生化分析仪进行分析。结果 :(1)重度窒息组血糖明显高于轻度窒息组及对照组。(2 )死亡儿血糖明显高于存活儿 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,且高血糖发生率亦高 (P <0 .0 0 1)。(3)重度窒息儿高血糖发生率明显高于轻度窒息儿 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :窒息早期由于应激 ,儿茶酚胺及皮质醇分泌增加 ,促使血糖升高 ,与病情和预后有一定联系。病情越重 ,血糖越高 ,预后越差     

Plasma Norharman (β-Carboline) Levels are Elevated in Chronic Alcoholics

Based on the hypothesis that condensation products of neurotransmitters with aldehydes are involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholism, aromatic beta-carbolines (norharman and harman) were measured in the blood plasma of alcoholics and nonalcoholics. The identity of the extracted compounds was confirmed by various elution conditions of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), newly developed radioreceptor assays, and the mass spectrum of norharman. The levels of norharman and harman in nonalcoholics were unchanged after a load with ethanol (1 g/kg body weight). The norharman levels of the alcoholics were significantly higher than that of the nonalcoholic controls (99.5 +/- 26.6 pg/ml vs. 26.9 +/- 10.7 pg/ml; p less than 0.001) and did not change significantly during a 3-week detoxication period. In the subgroup of alcoholics with delirium or hallucinosis, a slight increase of norharman during detoxication could be detected while in alcoholics with vegetative withdrawal symptoms norharman levels dropped slightly over time (p = 0.07). No difference was found with respect to harman between nonalcoholics and alcoholics. These results suggest disturbed regulatory processes in the formation and/or metabolism of norharman in alcoholics. Further investigations are needed to reveal a possible marker function of norharman in alcoholic patients.     

雌孕激素联合补充治疗与脑卒中的预防

目的　探讨低剂量雌孕激素联合补充治疗对脑卒中的预防作用。方法　绝经过渡期及绝经后妇女84例随机设激素补充治疗组和对照组 ,采用酶免法测定治疗前后血脂和雌二醇 (E2 )水平。结果　治疗前后 E2、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)增高 ,低密度脂蛋白 (L DL)、总胆固醇 (TC)降低 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,甘油三酯 (TG)变化不明显。结论　低剂量雌激素对血脂谱产生有利影响 ,可降低脑卒中的发生     

服用左炔诺孕酮滴丸和妈富隆1年对血压、血糖和血脂的影响

目的：观察第二、三代口服避孕药(COC)对育龄妇女体重指数、血压、血糖和血脂的影响。方法：将自愿服用COC避孕1年的妇女105例随机分为两组，其中54例给予第二代COC(EE／LNG组)，51例给予第三代COC(EE／DG组)。并对研究前后所有病例的体重指数(BMI)、血压、血糖和血脂代谢指标进行比较分析。结果：EE／LNG组：BMI、收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平均升高，高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平下降，血糖、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)水平无明显改变。EE／DG组收缩压、TG、HDL水平升高，BMI、舒张压、血糖、TC、LDL、ApoAI和ApoB均未发生显著变化。以上所有测量指标均未超出正常范围。结论：使用1年第二、三代COC对妇女BMI、血压和血脂代谢都有微弱的影响，对空腹血糖无明显影响。第三代COC对妇女BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TG、TC、LDL、HDL水平和ApoB的不利影响小于第二代，更加安全可靠。     

EFFECTS OF PROGESTOGENS ON LIPEMIA AND LIPOLYSIS IN RAT: EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE, MEGESTROL ACETATE, NORETHINDRONE ACETATE, AND NOMEGESTROL ACETATE

Effects of 4 progestogens at equal dosages (5 mg/kg/day) on lipid metabolism and plasma glucose levels of adult female rats were compared. The 4 progestogens studied were progesterone (P) by SC injection, and megestrol acetate (MEG), norethindrone acetate (NOR), and nomegestrol acetate (NOM) PO. MEG, a 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone derivative, induced significant increases in glucose, total and high-density lipid (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid plasma levels. Treatment with NOR, a 19-nortestosterone derivative, resulted in a reduced gain in body wt and in a marked decrease in all plasma lipid parameters. The 19-norprogesterone derivative NOM, like P, did not alter lipid or glucose metabolism, despite a significant increase in body wt gain. In particular, no reduction in the HDL cholesterol level occurred. Plasma and tissue lipolytic activities remained unchanged. The results of this study confirm interest in the therapeutic class of 19-norprogesterone-derived progestogens, exemplified by NOM, with respect to their lack of metabolic side effects.     

Elevations of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity and catecholamines in plasma on increased intracranial pressure in the pig

Graded increases of intracranial pressure (ICP) in anaesthetized pigs induced elevations of plasma levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (LI) and catecholamines, simultaneously with hypertension and tachycardia. Plasma adrenaline (ADR) increased at a lower ICP-level than did the plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA) and NPY-LI. At the maximal ICP elevation, 22.9 kPa (172 mmHg), plasma NPY-LI was increased about 10-fold, from 48 +/- 8 pmol/l in the basal state, while NA and ADR concentrations increased more than 100-fold. At this maximal ICP-level the plasma levels of NPY-LI were correlated to the concentrations of both NA (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01) and ADR (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Plasma NPY-LI continued to increase to about 1000 pmol/l, 10 min after the maximal elevation of ICP was discontinued, while the catecholamines then had declined considerably. A slight cardiac release of NPY-LI was observed at the maximal elevation of ICP. The half-life of NPY-LI in plasma was about 6 min upon systemic infusion. At plasma levels similar to those obtained upon maximal ICP elevation, exogenous NPY caused slight vasoconstriction in the spleen and skeletal muscle, but had no effects on coronary blood flow or systemic blood pressure. This suggests that NPY mainly exerts local actions after release from nerve endings, while levels of circulating NPY in plasma must be very high to influence blood flow in some organs. It is concluded that elevation of ICP results in hypertension and tachycardia related to elevated plasma levels of NPY-LI and catecholamines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A comparison of the effects of a macrobiotic diet and a western diet on drug metabolism and plasma lipids in man

Summary We have compared the effects of two dietary regimens with different macronutrient compositions — a macrobiotic diet and a Western diet — on drug metabolism and plasma lipids in seven healthy volunteers.The macrobiotic diet, high in carbohydrate, low in protein and fat, and devoid of animal food sources, was eaten for a ten day control period, as was the Western diet, high in calories, fat, and protein, as well as animal food sources. We determined the influences of these diets on the clearance of orally administered antipyrine, oxazepam, and methadone, as well as on plasma lipids.There was a statistically significant change in antipyrine clearance as well as in plasma LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol after the dietary periods. This suggests that the influence of dietary changes may have some effect on the clearance of therapeutic drugs. However, this is not universal and is probably important when the drug is highly dependent on the mixed-function oxidase system.     

N—酰化壳聚糖膜性能的研究

讨论了一系列N-酰化壳聚糖膜的抗张强度、透水性、VB_(12)的透过性、透氧性以及血液相容性。N-已酰化壳聚糖膜具有良好的血液相容性。在制膜过程中,加入分子量为1500的聚乙二醇为致孔剂,则可使N-己酰化壳聚糖膜的渗透性有较大提高。同时保持较好的血液相容性和强度。