生化指标在糖尿病肾病患者中的水平变化及其在早期诊断中的临床意义

目的 探讨糖尿病肾病患者血清尿清蛋白/肌酐(UALB/Cr)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、同型半胱胺酸(Hcy)、血清胱抑素C(CysC)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、β₂-微球蛋白(β₂-MG)、微量蛋白(mAIb)、α₁-微球蛋白(α₁-MG)水平变化及其在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的临床意义。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年12月阳江市人民医院收治的120例糖尿病肾病患者作为病例组, 并选取120例健康人群作为正常对照组, 分别检测两组人群血清CRP等生化指标的表达水平, 并进行相关的分析和比较。结果 病例组CRP等生化指标的水平与正常对照人群比较均明显升高, 两组比较差异显著(P＜0.05);多项指标联合检测的阳性率为93.33%, 均高于单项生化检测的阳性率, 差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Spearman相关性分析表明, DN病患者血清生化指标UALB/Cr、Hcy、CysC、RBP、CRP、β₂-MG、mAIb以及α₁-MG与DN均呈正相关(P＜0.01)。结论 生化指标水平变化与糖尿病肾病密切相关, 且生化指标检测方法操作简便、安全性较高, 联合检测较单项检测更能有效预测疾病的阳性率, 可作为糖尿病肾病早期诊断的依据。     

2型糖尿病患者生化指标与甲状腺功能指标分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者生化指标与甲状腺功能指标的变化,以及2糖尿病患者甲状腺疾病的患病情况。方法随机选取2014年1月至6月我院住院的2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)295例(2型糖尿病组),健康人员80例(对照组),检测其生化指标15项:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酸激酶(CK)、总胆固醇(CH)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c),甲状腺功能指标5项:甲状腺素(T4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、游离T4(FT4)、游离T3(FT3)、促甲状腺激素(TSH),并对2型糖尿病组结合临床资料进行分析。结果2型糖尿病组中生化类指标TP、ALB、GLU、CH、TG、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、Hb A1c及甲状腺功能指标T3、FT3与对照组相比均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2型糖尿病组中患有甲状腺结节的患者比例最高,为44.7%;将2型糖尿病患者分为甲状腺结节组,其它甲状腺疾病组,甲状腺正常组,将甲状腺结节组和甲状腺正常组进行比较,年龄差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),甲状腺结节组为53±12岁,甲状腺正常组为46±13岁,性别无差异(P>0.05),糖尿病病程差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),甲状腺结节组为9±6年,甲状腺正常组为7±6年,对两组代谢指标进行分析,FT3差异显著(P<0.05),甲状腺结节组为4.48±0.82pmol/L,甲状腺正常组为4.67±0.67pmol/L,其它指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);将2型糖尿病患者按空腹血糖水平分为A、B、C三组,血糖越高,甲状腺结节的比例越高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者其T3、FT3和一系列生化指标会发生变化,监测这些指标有助于对2型糖尿病进行更为全面的评估,且2型糖尿病患者中,甲状腺结节发病比例较高,且与年龄和病程相关,对于年龄较大和病程较长的患者更要关注甲状腺的检查。     

Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major complication in renal failure patients, but very little information is available on the cardiovascular parameters in these patients. The prevalence and risk factors for PAH were systematically evaluated in patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2014, 177 ESRD patients (85 males and 92 females) undergoing CAPD therapy were recruited. General data, biochemical parameters and echocardiographic findings were collected and PAH risk factors studied. Results: Study participants consisted of 65 patients (36.52%) with PAH (PAH group) and 112 patients without PAH (non-PAH group). The interdialytic weight gain, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure and hypertensive nephropathy incidence in the PAH group were significantly higher than the non-PAH group (all p?p?p?p?Conclusion: We observed a high incidence of PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E’ are high-risk factors for PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD.     

Análisis de supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata con factores patológicos desfavorables tratados con prostatectomía radical y radioterapia de rescate tras la recidiva y persistencia bioquímica

ObjectiveSurvival analysis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) with adverse prognostic factors (APF) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after biochemical recurrence (BR) or biochemical persistence (BP).Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of 446 patients with at least one of the following APF: Gleason score ≥ 8, pathologic stage ≥ pT3 and/or positive surgical margins. BR criteria used was PSA level over 0.4 ng/ml.A survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier was performed to compare the different variable categories with log-rank test. In order to identify risk factors for SRT response and cancer specific survival (CSS) we performed univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox regression.ResultsMean follow up: 72 (IQR 27-122) months, mean time to BR: 42 (IQR 20-112) months, mean PSA level at BR: 0.56 (IQR 0.42-0.96). BR was present in 36.3% of the patients. Biochemical response to SRT was observed in 121 (75.7%) patients.Recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates after SRT at 3, 5, 8 and 10 years were 95.7%, 92.3%, 87.9%, and 85%; overall survival (OS) rates after 5, 10 and 15 years was 95.6%, 86.5% and 73.5%, respectively. CSS rates at 5, 10 and 15 years were 99.1%, 98.1% and 96.6%.Only time to BR < 24 months (HR = 2.55, P = .01) was identified as an independent risk factor for RFS after SRT.ConclusionsIn these patients, RP only controls the disease in approximately half of the cases. Multimodal sequential treatment (RP + SRT when needed) increases this control, achieving high CSS rates and biochemical control in over 87% of the patients. Patients with time to recurrence > 24 months responded better to rescue treatment.     

Gallium-68 Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in Advanced Prostate Cancer—Updated Diagnostic Utility,Sensitivity, Specificity,and Distribution of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-avid Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ContextAccurate staging of high-risk localised, advanced, and metastatic prostate cancer is becoming increasingly more important in guiding local and systemic treatment. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) has increasingly been utilised globally to assess the local and metastatic burden of prostate cancer, typically in biochemically recurrent or advanced disease. Following our previous meta-analysis, a high-volume series has been reported highlighting the utility of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET in this setting.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to update reported predictors of positive ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET according to prior therapy and proportion of positivity in various anatomical locations with sensitivity and specificity profiles.Evidence acquisitionWe performed critical reviews of MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Libraries, and Web of Science databases in July 2018 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Quality assessment was performed using Quality Assessment if Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using a random-effect model. Summary sensitivity and specificity values were obtained by fitting bivariate hierarchical regression models.Evidence synthesisA total of 37 articles including 4790 patients were analysed. For patients with biochemical recurrence, positive ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET scans increased with higher pre-PET prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. For PSA categories 0–0.19, 0.2–0.49, 0.5–0.99, 1–1.99, and ≥2 ng/ml, the percentages of positive scans were 33%, 45%, 59%, 75%, and 95%, respectively. No significant differences in positivity were noted between Gleason sums ≤7 and ≥8. Significant differences in positivity after biochemical recurrence in the prostate bed were noted between radical prostatectomy (22%) and radiotherapy (52%) patients. On per-node analysis, high sensitivity (75%) and specificity (99%) were observed.ConclusionsGa-68-PSMA PET improves detection of metastases with biochemical recurrence, particularly at low pre-PET PSA levels of >0.2 ng/ml (33%) and 0.2–0.5 ng/ml (45%). Ga-68-PSMA-PET produces favourable sensitivity and specificity profiles on meta-analysis of pooled data. This analysis highlights different anatomic patterns of metastatic spread according to PSMA PET in the primary and biochemically recurrent settings.Patient summaryGallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography is now an established imaging technique that has been developed in response to inadequacies in standard of care imaging modalities to improve the detection of metastatic disease in prostate cancer, particularly in the setting of disease recurrence. To date, this imaging modality in the setting of primary staging is controversial, given the paucity of data. In light of the growing body of evidence, we summarised the data to date to provide clinicians with an overview of this imaging modality.     

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts acute appendicitis and distinguishes between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectivesto investigate whether Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict acute appendicitis and whether it can distinguish between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis.MethodsA search of electronic information sources was conducted to identify all studies reporting NLR in patients with clinical suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis. We considered two comparisons:1) appendicitis versus no appendicitis; 2) uncomplicated appendicitis versus complicated appendicitis. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine cut-off values of NLR for appendicitis and complicated appendicitis.ResultsSeventeen studies, enrolling 8,914 patients were included. NLR of 4.7 was cut-off value for appendicitis with sensitivity of 88.89% and specificity of 90.91% with AUC of 0.96. NLR of 8.8 was cut-off value for complicated appendicitis with sensitivity of 76.92% and specificity 100% with AUC of 0.91. NLR >4.7 was predictor of acute appendicitis (OR:128,P < 0.0001) and, NLR >8.8 was predictor of complicated appendicitis (OR:43,P < 0.0001).ConclusionsNLR predicts both diagnosis and severity of appendicitis. This may have implications for prioritising cases for surgery, for monitoring conservatively treated patients and for patients who do not routinely undergo CT scan (pregnant or paediatric patients).     

利尿剂对老年高血压患者血压、血钾、尿酸及三酰甘油的影响

目的 探究利尿剂对老年高血压患者血压、血钾、尿酸及三酰甘油的影响,为该病临床治疗积累相关实践性经验.方法 选取本院心内科于2010年1月～2012年12月收治的102例高血压患者,根据服用降压药物的不同进行分组,分为利尿剂组（50例）和非利尿剂组（52例）.同时选取同期来院门诊或复查的老年高血压者（未服用降压药或自行停药1个月以上者）,设为对照组.结果 3组的血压、体质指数、肌酐、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和LVEF差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;利尿剂组、非利尿剂组的收缩压、舒张压均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,利尿剂组的血钾低于非利尿剂组、对照组（P＜0.05）,尿酸和三酰甘油均高于非利尿剂组、对照组（P＜0.05）;继续服用利尿剂组的血钾低于停服利尿剂组,血尿酸高于停服利尿剂组（P＜0.05）.结论 老年高血压患者服用利尿剂与非利尿剂的降压效果相当,但长期服用会增高低血钾、高尿酸及高血脂发生率,因此,医生应指导服用利尿剂患者定期来院检测上述指标,并针对异常数值给予早期干预.     

分级检验在血脂检验中的应用价值

目的：对分级检验在血脂检验中的应用价值进行评价分析,为今后临床检验工作提供可靠的参考依据。方法选取2012年8月~2014年8月在本院接受血脂检验患者109例,均采集血液标本6 ml,平均分成2份,分别采取拉网式检验和分级检验2种不同的检验方法对血脂水平进行检验,对比分析检验结果。结果2种方法在检测低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A值和B值方面的结果有显著性差异(P<0.05),三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的检验结果则无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论分级检验能够对高血脂进行直接准确检测,临床价值显著,值得关注并推广。     

Evaluation of biochemical variables in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the calcium, sodium, potassium, serum iron, vitamin B12, and albumin concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, in samples of serum from patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and investigate the associations between them. Results from 73 patients who had been diagnosed with primary TN between December 2015 and 2017 were compared with those of 70 healthy subjects. Calcium (p = 0.013), iron (p = 0.004), and albumin (p = 0.001) concentrations in the primary TN group were significantly lower than those in the control group, whereas the ALP activity was significantly higher in the TN group than in the control group (p = 0.007). However, there was no significant difference in the sodium, potassium, or vitamin B12 concentrations. Biochemical variables have a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of primary TN, but there are few studies that characterise the relations between the condition and the biochemical changes. Further studies are therefore necessary to gain more information.