对恶性梗阻性黄疸术前减黄指标的再认识（附28例临床分析）

目的：对恶性梗阻性黄疸的术前减黄标准以及减黄后手术时机进行探讨。方法：在既往研究的基础上,将原有的减黄公式年龄（岁）×3＋TB（μmol/L）〉380修改为年龄（岁）×3＋TB（μmol/L）〉450,并将满足〉450的28例患者进行术前减黄。将患者肿瘤切除率、并发症发生率等临床资料和前期研究的17例减黄患者（〉380）的临床资料进行对比分析。结果：年龄（岁）×3＋TB（μmol/L）〉450的28例中完成肿瘤切除10例（35.7%）,行单纯内引流18例（64.3%）,术中失血量（438.7±276.6）mL,术后并发症发生率10.7%（3/28）,1例死亡。年龄（岁）×3＋TB（μmol/L）〉450的17例中完成肿瘤切除6例（35.3%）,行单纯内引流11例（64.7%）,术中失血量（445.3±254.5）mL,术后并发症发生率11.8%（2/17）,1例死亡。结论：以年龄（岁）×3＋TB（μmol/L）〉450作为恶性梗阻性黄疸患者术前减黄的标准,并根据TB下降情况决定手术时机,能够获得良好的治疗效果。     

微创治疗胆总管结石的术式选择

目的探讨不同条件下胆总管结石(CBDS)的微创手术方案。方法分析近9年间我科治疗的203例CBDS患者的临床资料。据手术方式不同分组:十二指肠镜下乳头气囊扩张取石术(EPBD)组(22例)、十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开取石术(EST)组(105例)、腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(LCBDE)组(76例)。结果 3组的手术成功率、近期并发症发生率、残石率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术时间3组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),LCBDE组最短;住院时间3组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),EPBD组最短。随访期间结石复发率、反流性胆管炎及乳头狭窄发生率3组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),LCBDE组与EPBD组相当,EST组最差。结论有适应证的CBDS患者首选EPBD,失败或无适应证者选择LCBDE,EST仅适用于有严格适应证者。     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石

目的探讨十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石并胆管结石的临床效果。方法回顾分析7年间106例胆囊结石并胆管结石患者的临床资料。106例均先行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开(EST)取石、鼻胆引流(ENBD)然后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。结果EST取石成功101例(95.3%);并发症包括胰腺炎(高淀粉酶血症)11例(10.4%),出血1例,急性胆管炎2例,均经对症处理治愈。全组病例无死亡,均痊愈出院。85例获平均3.1年随访,术后复发胆管结石5例(5.9%),十二指肠乳突部再狭窄1例;另发生胆管癌2例,其他原因死亡2例。结论联合EST和LC治疗肝外胆管结石是一种安全有效的微创手术方法。     

肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用

目的总结肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌中应用的临床经验。方法回顾分析1998年至2003年收治118例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果118例中66例实施了姑息性治疗;52例实施根治性切除手术,其中联合肝切除者47例,肝切除中11例实施了联合门静脉切除和重建。行肝切除者术后并发症发生率为22．9％,合并门静脉切除者为27．3％;1、3年的存活率仅行肝切除者和合并门静脉切除者分别为85．7％、31．4％和81．8％、27．8％,2组差异无统计学意义。姑息治疗组仅5例存活超过3年（7．58％）,无5年生存者。结论门静脉浸润不是肝门部胆管癌手术的禁忌证,肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建提高其治愈切除率,改善术后患者的预后。     

重型非胆道梗阻性急性胆石性胰腺炎的外科处理

目的探讨重型非胆道梗阻性急性胆石性胰腺炎的外科处理要点。方法分析47例重型非胆道梗阻性急性胆石性胰腺炎病人的临床资料。结果(1)1999年8月以前,13例采用早期手术,4例死于早期多脏器功能衰竭,病死率为30.8%;存活者平均住院时间为51.5d、平均医疗费用为9.53万元。(2)1999年8月以后,22例采用早期区域动脉灌注治疗,1例死于后期感染并发症,病死率为4.5%;存活者平均住院时间为31.3d,平均医疗费用为4.64万元。(3)12例采用传统保守治疗,4例病情较重者3例死于早期多脏器功能障碍;其余8例病情较轻者无并发症治愈。结论(1)在急性反应期内,作好复苏治疗的同时,推荐应用区域动脉灌注治疗重型非梗阻性胆石性胰腺炎;(2)重视临床类型的鉴别和转化,发现胆道梗阻及时手术治疗;(3)病变后期出现胰腺局部并发症需要适时的择期手术;(4)非手术治疗成功者应适时手术解除胆石病变以防止胰腺炎复发。     

人胰胆管合流异常胆汁对胆管细胞的影响及其机理探讨

目的研究胰胆管合流异常(APBDU)患者的胆汁对人胆管细胞生长的影响,探讨APBDU与胆管癌发生的关系。方法应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测APBDU患者胆汁对胆管细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪测定其细胞周期分布及凋亡情况;Western blot法检测经APBDU胆汁处理的胆管细胞c-erbB-2蛋白表达水平的变化。结果APBDU患者胆汁与正常对照胆汁比较,能明显促进胆管细胞的增殖(P<0.05),这种促增殖作用可被环氧化酶COX-2抑制剂celecoxib或一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂L-NAME抑制;流式细胞仪分析经APBDU胆汁处理的胆管细胞其处于S期的细胞明显增多(P<0.001);Western blot法检测经APBDU胆汁处理的胆管细胞其c-erbB-2表达增多。结论APBDU患者的胆汁对正常胆管细胞增殖有促进作用,可能潜在致癌活性。     

腰椎术后脑脊液漏的处理

1993年7月～2007年5月,我科共行腰椎手术429例,其中18例术后发生脑脊液漏,发生率4．2％,经积极处理后均治愈。     

成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊治体会(附22例报告)

目的探讨成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1984年～2006年收治的成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症22例的临床资料。结果本组22例均行手术治疗。囊肿内引流术再手术率高。囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术无再手术病例,术后并发胆管炎3例、胰腺炎1例、胆瘘1例,均经保守治疗痊愈。全组无手术死亡病例。结论成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症经术前影像学检查能明确分型。单纯内引流术应摒弃,外引流术可为二期手术创造条件。囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为根治性术式。     

Routine laparoscopic ultrasound can significantly reduce the need for selective intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy

Background The use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), routinely rather than selectively, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is controversial. Recent findings have shown laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) to be safe, quick, and effective not only for screening of the bile duct for stones, but also for evaluating the biliary anatomy. This study aimed to evaluate, on the basis of the LC outcome and the cost of LUS and IOC, whether and how much the routine use of LUS would be able to reduce the need for IOC. Methods During LC, LUS was used routinely to screen the bile duct for stones and to evaluate the biliary anatomy, whereas IOC was used selectively only when LUS was unsatisfactory or unsuccessful. Results For 193 (96.5%) of 200 patients, LUS was completed successfully, whereas IOC was needed for 7 patients (3.5%). Bile duct stones were identified in 20 patients (10%). For the detection of bile duct stones, LUS yielded 19 true-positive, 175 true-negative, 0 false-positive, and 1 false-negative results. It had a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 99.4%. The postoperative complications included bile leaks from the liver bed in two patients and a retained bile duct stone in one patient. If IOC had been used selectively in a traditional manner on the basis of preoperative risk factors, IOC would have been needed for 77 patients (38.5%). The total cost of LUS plus IOC for the current 200 patients was $26,256. The total estimated cost of selective IOC, if it had been performed for the 77 patients, would have been $31,416. Conclusions Routine LUS accurately diagnosed bile duct stones and significantly reduced the need for selective IOC from a potential 38.5% to an actual 3.5% without adversely affecting the outcome of the LC or increasing the overall cost. The routine use of LUS during LC is accurate and cost effective.     

Mucin-producing Bile Duct Tumor of the Caudate Lobe Protruding into the Common Hepatic Duct

Mucin-producing tumor in the bile duct is referred to clinically as mucin-producing bile duct tumor (MPBT). Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the biliary tract that resembles an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a rare category of MPBT and is not well characterized. We, herein, report a case of MPBT of the caudate lobe of the liver that showed papillary growth and communicated with the bile duct of the caudate lobe and protruded into the common hepatic duct. Histologically, MPBT cells showed papillary overgrowth with abundant mucinous secretions, resembling an IPMN of the pancreas. The MPBT cells showed the same immunostaining pattern as that of cells from IPMN of the pancreas.