Age and gender-related incidence of chronic renal failure in a French urban area: a prospective epidemiologic study

OBJECTIVE.: To determine the age- and gender-related incidence of chronicrenal failure in a French urban area. METHODS.: Prospective study of adult patients newly identified as havingestablished, chronic renal failure defined by serum creatinine(Scr) 200 µmol/l, with the cooperation of all nephrologyand dialysis units in the Ile de France district (10,660,000inhabitants) during a 1-year period. RESULTS.: 2775 patients (1780 males, 995 females) were referred with Scr200 µmol/l between July 1991 and June 1992, an overallincidence of 260/million population. 847 had advanced renalfailure (Scr 500 µmol/l) and 541 patients (19.5%) were75 years of age. The age-related incidence was 92, 264, 523and 619/million population in the age groups 20–39, 40–59,60–74 and 75 years old, respectively. The annual incidencewas twice as high in males than in females up to 75 years andthree times as high in patients 75 years (1124 vs 356/millionpopulation). Based on the proportion of patients reaching end-stagerenal failure within one year of referral, the minimal estimationof the need for supportive therapy is 81/million/year. CONCLUSIONS.: This epidemiological study in a large French urban area indicatesan incidence of 260 patients per million population annuallyreferred to nephrology units for chronic renal failure definedby Scr 200 µmol/l, with a marked preponderance of malesand a dramatic increase of incidence with age in both genders.     

Incidence of analgesic nephropathy among patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in Czech republic and Slovak republic

BACKGROUND.: The occurrence of analgesic nephropathy (AN) among renal replacementtherapy patients in former Czechoslovakia is not known. Previoussurveys were not based on representative samples and lackeduniform criteria for diagnosing the disease. METHODS.: Incidence of AN in former Czechoslovakia was investigated inpatients commencing renal replacement therapy in 24 (1/3 ofall) dialysis centres from 1 January to 31 December 1992. Patientsshowing an unclear renal diagnosis (n=149) were investigatedwith an interview and renal imaging techniques. The diagnosisof AN was withheld or rejected on the base of recently publisheddiagnostic criteria demonstrating that a decreased renal massof both kidneys combined with bumpy contours and/or papillarycalcifications had a high performance for diagnosing AN (NephrolDial Transplant 1992; 7: 479–486). RESULTS.: Based on the renal imaging criteria, AN was diagnosed in 30of 328 registered patients, resulting in an AN incidence of9.1% while the EDTA data only mentioned an incidence of 4.8%(period 1986–1989). The products most commonly abusedwere analgesic mixtures containing two analgesic substancescombined with caffeine and/or codeine. CONCLUSIONS.: AN was found to be a common disease in the Czech and SlovakRepublics. The disease was diagnosed using reliable renal imagingcriteria.     

One-year prevalence and incidence of depression among first-year university students in Japan: a preliminary study

A structured interview was used to examine the 1-year incidence and prevalence of depression among 116 first-year university students. While 24 of the subjects (20.7%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE), 62 (53.4%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 3rd ed. Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for MDE, and 27 (23.3%) also met the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) for the 12 months prior to the interview. Moreover, 23 of the subjects (19.8%) had onset of the DSM-IV criteria for MDE, 54 (46.6%) had onset of the DSM-III-R criteria for MDE, 24 (20.7%) had onset of the RDC for MDD, during the same time period. These high rates of depression may be explained by the students' difficulties in and by their readjustment after entering university.     

中山市1970年～1999年喉癌发病趋势分析

目的 探讨1970-1999年期间中山市喉癌发病状况及其趋势，为防治提供科学依据。方法收集、整理中山市1970—1999年期间肿瘤登记资料中的喉癌发病资料，统计分析其发病数、发病粗率、中国与世界标化发病率等指标。结果 1995～1999年期间中山市喉癌男、女与合计世界标化发病率分别为5．83／105、0．67／105、2．97／10^5，且1970—1999年期间其发病率具有明显上升趋势。结论 与国外相比，虽然中山市喉癌发病率处于较低水平，但与同期中国农村试点相比，则处于较高水平，提示中山市应加强喉癌的防治。     

某钢铁企业肿瘤发病及危险因素研究

[目的]探讨某钢铁企业肿瘤的发病情况及其相关的危险因素.[方法]在某钢铁企业近10年新发生119例肿瘤作为病例组,另选取同性别、同年龄(上下不超过3岁)的同一工作场所和不同工作场所的健康人各119例作对照,共计238例,进行1:2配对对照研究.[结果]肿瘤的发病率为109.40/10万,以肺癌、上消化道癌为主.多因素条件Logistic分析表明接触毒害物质、吸烟、使用煤炉、肿瘤家族史、精神创伤、喜食烫的食物为肺癌、上消化道癌发病的主要危险因素,食新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果有保护作用.[结论]该钢铁企业肿瘤发病呈较高水平,以肺癌、上消化道癌占多数.其危险因素与公认的肿瘤危险因素一致,应采取改善环境等综合预防措施.     

杭州市萧山区大肠癌发病趋势

[目的]了解萧山区居民1991～2000年大肠癌发病的流行病学分布情况及变化趋势.[方法]通过肿瘤登记系统收集1991～2000年大肠癌发病资料,分析10年大肠癌流行特征和变化趋势.[结果]萧山区大肠癌平均发病率11.55/10万,占全部肿瘤的8.99%,居第4位;男女性大肠癌发病率随年龄增长而上升,高发年龄在45岁以上年龄组.男性大肠癌发病率高于女性,但女性的增长速度较男性快.农村大肠癌发病率高于城区;农村大肠癌发病率呈明显上升趋势,而城区上升趋势不明显.[结论]大肠癌发病率呈上升趋势,必须针对大肠癌的危险因素积极采取预防措施.     

中山市肾恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨1975年～1999年中山市肾恶性肿瘤发病状况及其趋势,为中山市肾恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据.[方法]收集、整理中山市1975年～1999年恶性肿瘤登记资料中的肾恶性肿瘤发病资料,统计分析其发病数、粗发病率、中国及世界人口标化率等指标.[结果]1975年～1999年中山市新发肾恶性肿瘤患者140例,其中男性85例,女性55例;其男性中国人口与世界人口标化发病率分别为0.58/10万、0.73/10万,其女性中国人口与世界人口标化发病率分别为0.37/10万、0.47/10万;1975年～1999年其发病率无明显升降趋势.[结论]虽然1975年～1999年中山市肾恶性肿瘤无上升趋势,但其发病处于较高水平,提示应加强肾恶性肿瘤的防治.     

Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus–Di?erences in Etiology, Epidemiology and Prevention

Incidence of esophageal carcinoma With more than 300 000 new cases per year, cancerof the esophagus, predominantly squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), is one of the 10 most frequently diagnosed tumortypes. Esophageal cancer occurs often in developing coun-tries and shows great regional di?erences[1]. While in re-cent history the incidence of SCC has decreased slightly inregions of high risk and stayed constant in the USA andWestern Europe, the rate of adenocarcinoma of the esoph-agus (AC) has…     

哈尔滨市南岗区居民肺癌发病死亡10年动态分析

[目的]分析1992年-2001年哈尔滨市南岗区居民肺癌发病和死亡水平及变化趋势，预测近期发病率和死亡率水平。[方法]资料来源于哈尔滨南岗区恶性肿瘤发病死亡登记报告系统，采用ICD-9进行死因分类，利用SPSS软件包分析，采用灰色系统GM(1，1)进行预测。[结果]10年间肺癌发病率和死亡率处于缓慢上升趋势，年平均发病率和死亡率分别为44．75／10万和41．37／10万。肺癌发病和死亡均居恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的第一位，分别占恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率的25．91％和33．29％。20岁～65岁肺癌发病率和死亡率均占肺癌总发病率和死亡率的1／2。预测2006年男性肺癌发病率和死亡率为47．79／10万和44．81／10万，女性将分别达到42．02／10万和45．80／10万。[结论]肺癌发病率和死亡率呈逐渐缓慢升高趋势．是20岁～65岁人群的主要恶性肿瘤之一。     

哈尔滨市南岗区1992～2001年乳腺癌发病死亡趋势

[目的]分析1992年～2001年哈尔滨市南岗区女性乳腺癌发病和死亡水平及变化趋势，预测近期发病率和死亡率水平。[方法]资料来源于南岗区恶性肿瘤发病死亡登记报告系统，采用ICD-9进行死因分类，利用SPSS软件包分析，采用灰色系统GM(1，1)进行预测。[结果]10年间女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势，年平均发病率和死亡率分别为31．95／10万和7．91／10万。乳腺癌发病和死亡分别居女性恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的第二位和第三位，分别占恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的21．17％和7．90％。25岁～35岁乳腺癌发病率增加明显。预测2006年女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率将分别达到54．98／10万和11．36／10万。[结论]女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率呈逐渐缓慢升高趋势，预测女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率分别将以每年3．7％和2．2％的速度递增。