Antimicrobial activity of antibiotics in combination with natural flavonoids against clinical extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid-mediated class A enzymes commonly found in the family Enterobacteriaceae, mainly in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Flavonoids have also been reported to possess antimicrobial activity. In this study, the in vitro activities of 18 antibiotics and 12 flavonoids against 20 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were evaluated. All of these isolates were susceptible to imipenem and cefmetazole, but were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, piperacillin and ticarcillin. Susceptibilities to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were variable. Myricetin, a flavonol, inhibited ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates at a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (MIC(90) value 256 mg/mL), but exhibited significant synergic activity against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in separate combination with amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin. Because of the low-toxic nature of flavonoids, the combination of antibiotics and flavonoids is a potential new strategy for developing therapies for infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in the future.     

宫颈癌放疗前后免疫功能改变及其临床意义

目的 :探讨放疗对宫颈癌患者免疫功能的影响。方法 :用流式细胞技术检测 2 2例宫颈癌患者放疗前后细胞免疫表型的改变 ,并与对照组进行比较。结果 :宫颈癌放疗前CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD3 CD4 均较对照组低 ,NK值较对照组高 ,但无显著性差异 ;放疗后CD3 、CD4 逐渐降低 ,CD8 和NK升高 ,CD3 CD4 逐渐降低 ,最后比例倒置 ,有显著性差异。结论 :宫颈癌患者免疫功能无明显抑制 ,放疗可损伤其免疫功能 ,提示放疗期间应辅以免疫治疗。     

灭蝇净毒饵对家蝇诱杀效果的研究

目的：报告灭蝇净毒饵对家蝇诱杀效果;方法：试验室、模拟现场及现场灭蝇试验;结果：不同地点的试验。家蝇48h诱杀率均达100％;结论：灭蝇净毒饵诱杀效果较好,使用方便,值得推广应用。     

供者NK细胞诱导小鼠MHC半相合骨髓移植的免疫耐受

目的：探讨纯化的供鼠NK细胞加入预处理方案与MHC半相合骨髓移植后免疫耐受的关系。 方法：制备（BALB/c^H-2d×C57BL／6^H-2b）CB6F₁^H-2d/b小鼠为受者,C57BL／6^H-2b的小鼠为供者。70只受者小鼠经致死剂量（9.0 Gy）照射后随机分为7组,每组10只。对照组：分别为单纯照射组、MHC半相合GVHD对照组、MHC半相合骨髓细胞移植组、同基因骨髓细胞移植组。实验组：CB6F₁^H-2d/b小鼠在完成照射后1 h内首先经静脉输注纯化后的MHC半相合供者NK细胞,分为1×106、5×105和2×105／只3个组,在照射后4 h移植MHC半相合骨髓细胞。以血像、体重、生存期和病理组织学等变化为观察指标并做组间比较。结果：①生存期：单纯照射对照组为(5.15±0.66)d,GVHD对照组为(15.80±1.93)d,其他组小鼠生存期均大于30 d。②病理学结果,MHC半相合GVHD对照组出现典型的GVHD病理表现,其他各组均无GVHD病理表现。 结论：在MHC半相合骨髓移植模型上证实,移植前将供鼠的纯化NK细胞加入移植预处理方案,能诱导免疫耐受。     

生姜液杀灭日本血吸虫尾蚴的实验研究

生姜原液在3 s内可迅速杀死日本血吸虫尾蚴,浓度为50%、25%和12.5%生姜液杀死血吸虫尾蚴的平均时间为10 s3、4.8s和420 s;已杀灭的血吸虫尾蚴对小鼠无感染性。     

细胞因子诱导性杀伤细胞联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的:探索细胞因子诱导性杀伤细胞(CIK)联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床疗效。方法:选取CHB患者50例,CIK联合阿德福韦酯组25例,单用阿德福韦酯组25例,治疗1、3、6个月后复查HBVDNA和HBV血清标志物。结果:治疗1、3、6个月后两组HBV DNA均明显下降,但相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),治疗1、3、6个月后,HBV DAN转阴率CIK联合阿德福韦酯组分别为20%、64%和80%,而单用阿德福韦酯组分别为0、36%和52%,两组相比均P<0.05;两组患者治疗1、3、6个月后HBeAg转阴率和HBeAg血清学转换率相比差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:阿德福韦酯单用或与CIK联合治疗CHB 3～6个月后,能使CHB患者HBV DNA水平显著下降,在与CIK联合治疗后使HBV DNA水平下降更加显著,特别是提高了HBV DNA转阴率,显示核苷类似物阿德福韦酯与CIK联合治疗能增强抗乙型肝炎病毒的效率,有助于病毒的清除。     

CIK细胞联合顺铂胸腔灌注并温肺化饮方治疗癌性胸腔积液

目的:观察细胞因子激活杀伤(CIK)细胞联合顺铂胸腔灌注并温肺化饮方治疗癌性胸腔积液的疗效和毒性作用。方法:采用随机对照单盲分组前瞻性研究,选取病人符合纳入标准病例随机分配到试验组与对照组共73例;对照组和试验组均采用常规胸腔内中心静脉导管留置引流术。试验组36例:先采用顺铂腔内灌注,再予CIK细胞胸腔内灌注3次,1次/d,两者先后间隔2周左右用药。对照组37例:仅采用顺铂腔内灌注。对照组与试验组均按照中医温肺化饮方,治疗结束4周后观察两组患者恶性胸腔积液疗效、临床证候疗效、Karnofsky评分、治疗前后患者T淋巴细胞亚群检测及毒性反应。结果:治疗组恶性胸腔积液有效率为95%,对照组为82%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组疗后Karnofsky评分及证候评分改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,NK细胞均较治疗前提高,治疗组治疗前后CD3+T,NK差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义;治疗组毒性反应少于对照组。结论:CIK细胞联合顺铂胸腔灌注并温肺化饮方治疗癌性胸腔积液有较好的疗效,能有效控制患者胸腔积液,提高行为状况评分,改善其临床症状,提高患者机体免疫功能,安全性良好,不良反应轻,值得在临床上推广运用。     

Irritant dermatitis to staphylinid beetle in Indian troops in Congo

Background: Contact dermatitis to Staphylinid beetle is a well known entity worldwide. Paederus sabaeus (Econda) species of this insect was responsible for a widespread occurrence of this dermatitis in United Nations (UN) troops posted in Congo. This study was undertaken to observe the various aspects of this unique dermatitis in the mission area.     

Comparative activities of colistin, rifampicin, imipenem and sulbactam/ampicillin alone or in combination against epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing OXA-58 carbapenemases

This study evaluated the activity of colistin, rifampicin, imipenem and sulbactam/ampicillin alone or in combination against nine epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing OXA-58 carbapenemase in Naples, Italy. The isolates were susceptible to colistin but differed in their resistance to imipenem and rifampicin. Time–kill studies showed a bactericidal effect for colistin but not for imipenem, rifampicin or sulbactam/ampicillin used as single agents. Synergism was observed with combinations of rifampicin + imipenem or sulbactam/ampicillin for all isolates and with colistin + rifampicin for isolates showing higher minimum inhibitory concentrations for rifampicin. Combined use of the antimicrobials tested may provide good therapeutic options for OXA-58 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii infections.