改良MTT法检测自然杀伤细胞的活性

采用经作者改良的ＭＴＴ比色测定自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫＣ）活性。结果显示：在效应细胞（ＥＣ）和靶细胞（ＴＣ）活性均≥９５％，ＥＣ≥３．０×１０２／Ｗｅｌ、ＴＣ≥１．６×１０２／Ｗｅｌ时，细胞还原ＭＴＴ产生的甲瓒溶解后的ＯＤ５７０ｎｍ值与细胞数成线性相关（ｒｅ＝０．９４，ｒｔ＝０．９７，Ｐ＜０．００１）。本法在测得ＥＣ∶ＴＣ为４０∶１时，正常人外周血ＮＫＣ活性为４５．６４％。用本法和３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入抑制试验同时测定１０份白血病患者外周血ＮＫＣ活性，分别为３４．８６±７．８０％和３５．１６±８．４０％，两者呈良好的正相关（ｒ＝０．８７６，Ｐ＜０．００１）。本法简便、稳定可靠，是一种很有价值的测定ＮＫＣ活性的方法。     

7种品牌诱蝇毒饵灭蝇效果的比较研究

通过对7种品牌诱蝇毒饵灭蝇效果的比较,结果显示:有4种品牌的诱蝇毒饵在5min内先后击倒家蝇,4h诱杀率>50％,24h诱杀率>85％。本试验为制订诱蝇毒饵类产品灭蝇效果的质量标准提供了科学实验数据。     

AML骨髓LAK细胞抗肿瘤活性的体外研究

采用体外半固体培养技术,研究了10例急性髓细胞白血病(AML)患者和其中5例缓解期患者经IL-2体外诱导激活的骨髓LAK细胞对K_(562)白血病细胞系集落形成的抑制作用,以及对正常骨髓粒单系造血祖细胞集落(CFu-GM)的效应。结果显示:AML初诊及缓解期骨髓LAK细胞对K_(562)肿瘤细胞均有杀伤活性,缓解期骨髓LAK活性明显高于急性期,而对正常CFu-GM集落产率无明显抑制作用。为临床使用,尤其是ABMT的骨髓净化提供了实验依据。     

Activity of telavancin compared to other agents against coagulase-negative staphylococci with different resistotypes by time kill

Among 10 coagulase-negative staphylococci, telavancin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and tigecycline were the most potent antimicrobials. Telavancin exhibited bactericidal effect to 9 strains out of 10 tested at 4× MIC after 24 h of exposure similar to those of vancomycin and daptomycin. By contrast, linezolid was mainly bacteriostatic and teicoplanin was bactericidal to 7 strains tested at 4× MIC after 24 h.     

Variability in the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide,methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in women receiving adjuvant treatment for breast cancer

A total of 23 women with stage II breast cancer receiving adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil had detailed pharmacokinetic monitoring performed on the first and third courses of therapy. The area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of each of these three drugs varied by a factor of 3–4 among patients. No systematic change in pharmacokinetics between the first and third courses was seen for cyclophosphamide, methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil, and the mean AUC for each of the three drugs did not change. However, significant intrapatient variability in drug pharmacokinetics was observed for all three drugs such that the AUC, clearance and half-life in an individual on the third course could not be reliably predicted from data generated on the first course. On the basis of these results, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetic data from one treatment would not be useful information from which the doses for subsequent courses could be determined.This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute of Canada     

良姜挥发油对两种人体蠕形螨的体外抑杀作用

良姜挥发油体外对毛囊蠕形螨的抑杀时间为(14.42±1.14)min,对皮质蠕形螨的抑杀时间为(8.3±0.86)min;生理盐水对2种人体蠕形螨抑杀时间均超过24 h。良姜挥发油对2种人体蠕形螨具有较强的抑杀作用,并且对皮脂蠕形螨的抑杀作用明显强于毛囊蠕形螨。因此良姜挥发油是治疗人体蠕形螨的一个非常有效的物质,良姜挥发油治疗人体蠕形螨病具有较好的应用前景。     

胃癌术后化疗联合自体肿瘤细胞抗原致敏DC CIK细胞治疗的疗效

目的:探讨进展期胃癌根治术后化疗联合自体肿瘤细胞抗原致敏树突状细胞-细胞因子诱导的杀伤(autologous tumor antigen load dendritic cells-cytokin-induced killer,Ag-DC-CIK)细胞治疗的疗效和安全性.方法:收集2013年1月至2014年3月于荆州市中心医院胃肠外科诊断为进展期(Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期)胃癌的60例患者,均接受胃癌D2根治术,术后按照随机数字表法分为两组,单纯化疗组采用FOLFOX化疗方案,给予6个周期化疗;联合治疗组除给予上述化疗外,同时给予Ag-DC-CIK细胞进行治疗.随访期2年,观察两组患者2年OS和PFS、外周血T细胞亚群免疫学指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD3+CD56+)、生活质量评分、化疗不良反应分级.结果:联合治疗组患者2年OS及PFS较单纯化疗组明显提高(均P＜0.05).联合治疗组治疗前后外周血T细胞亚群水平无明显变化(P＞0.05),而单纯化疗组治疗后外周血T细胞亚群水平明显降低(P＜0.05),且明显低于联合治疗组(P＜0.05);联合治疗组的综合生活质量评分明显高于单纯化疗组[(7.25±1.56) vs(5.54±1.27)分,P＜0.05].联合治疗组不良反应发生率明显低于单纯化疗组(10.0％ vs 20.0％,P＜0.05).结论:Ag-DC-CIK细胞治疗联合化疗能显著提高胃癌术后患者的2年OS及PFS,保护机体的免疫功能,减少化疗的不良反应,改善其生活质量.     

alpha6 Integrin Cleavage: Sensitizing human prostate cancer to ionizing radiation

Purpose: The goal was to determine if prostate tumor cells containing a mutant α6 integrin would be defective in tumor re-population following clinically relevant fractionated ionizing radiation (IR) treatments.

Material and methods: Human prostate cancer cells derived from PC3N cells were used which conditionally expressed a cleavable, wild type form of α6 integrin (PC3N-α6-WT) or a mutated non-cleavable form of α6 integrin (PC3N-α6-RR). The resulting tumor growth before, during and after fractionated doses of IR (3 Gy×10 days) was analyzed using the endpoints of tumor growth inhibition (T/C), tumor growth delay (T-C), tumor doubling time (Td) and tumor cell kill (Log₁₀ cell kill).

Results: The T/C values were 36.1% and 39.5%, the T-C values were 20.5 days and 28.5 days and the Td values were 5.5 and 10.5 days for the irradiated PC3N-α6-WT and PC3N-α6-RR cells, respectively. The Log₁₀ was 1.1 for the PC3N-α6-WT cells and 0.8 for the PC3N-α6-RR cells. The tumor response to IR was altered in tumors expressing the mutant α6 integrin as indicated by a significant increase in tumor growth inhibition, an increase in tumor growth delay, an increase in tumor doubling time and an increase in tumor cell kill.

Conclusions: Blocking integrin cleavage in vivo may be efficacious for increasing the IR responsiveness of slow growing, pro-metastatic human prostate cancer.     

In vitro antibacterial activity of tigecycline against resistant Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci by time–kill assay

This time–kill study was performed with 65 genetically unique clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci to further define the antibacterial activity of tigecycline. To our knowledge, this is the largest published time–kill study evaluating tigecycline activity to date. Isolates evaluated were 10 meropenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; 15 Escherichia coli, including 10 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers; 15 Klebsiella pneumoniae, including 10 ESBL producers; 20 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), including 10 that were linezolid resistant; and 5 vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis. Time–kill testing was performed using tigecycline concentrations of 1×, 2×, and 4× MIC with colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter determined at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Tigecycline MICs (μg/mL) were ≤1 for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, regardless of the isolates' ESBL production; A. baumannii, 0.06 to 4; 9/10 (90%) were ≤2; E. faecalis ≤0.12; and VRE ≤0.25, regardless of linezolid susceptibility. In the time–kill assay, tigecycline significantly inhibited bacterial growth when compared with the growth control. The reduction in growth was <3 log₁₀ CFU/mL for all isolates, indicative of a bacteriostatic effect.