Insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity after short-term amiloride in healthy subjects

We have evaluated the short-term effects of amiloride on insulin action in vivo, since amiloride is known to impair insulin action in vitro.Seven healthy subjects were treated according to a randomized, double-blind, cross-over protocol. The treatment periods were 3 days each with amiloride 15 mg daily and placebo. Insulin action on glucose turnover was assessed directly after each treatment period with the hyper-insulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp technique.At the two insulin concentrations studied ( 30 mU·l^–1 and 200 mU·l^–1), the glucose infusion rate required to maintain constant euglycaemia did not differ after either amiloride or placebo. The rates of glucose production and utilization were also similar, whereas the so-called insulin sensitivity index at the lower insulin concentration was significantly reduced (by about 15 %) after amiloride. Moreover, amiloride produced significantly higher fasting insulin and C-peptide concentrations, whereas fasting glucose and NEFA concentrations were unaltered.In conclusion, these data suggest that short-term amiloride slightly impairs insulin sensitivity with respect to glucose uptake. However, overall glucose homoeostasis does not appear to be affected, probably due to a compensatory rise in plasma insulin.     

Metabolic base production and mucosal vulnerability during acid inhibition in a mammalian stomachin vitro

Acid inhibition increases gastric mucosal susceptibility to damage by luminal acid. This might be due to reduced metabolic CO₂ and bicarbonate whereas, during normal acid, secretion cytoprotective CO₂/HCO₃- production parallels acid production. Metabolic activity and mucosal damage caused by luminal acid perfusion was determined in anin vitro mouse stomach, with and without acid inhibition, and at 0%, 1%, or 5% serosal CO₂ supply. Without acid inhibition there was no mucosal damage at any level of serosal CO₂/HCO₃- supply. Acid inhibition reduced metabolic CO₂ production by 29% (P<0.004) and resulted in microscopic damage to 55% of the mucosal area and perforation in four of five stomachs (P<0.05). Although, 1% CO₂ supply completely replaced the reduction in metabolic CO₂, it did not protect against mucosal damage. Overreplacement by 5% serosal CO₂/HCO₃- was required to prevent damage. There was no correlation between luminal CO₂/HCO₃- output and mucosal damage. The protection by endogenous or exogenous CO₂/HCO₃- appears to act intracellularly rather than by intragastric or intercellular neutralization.This study was supported by Swiss National Foundation grants 32-26369.89 and 32-33626.92. The morphometry equipment was supported by a grant from the Osterreichische Nationalbank.     

白花蛇舌草研究进展

本文综述了近年来白花蛇舌草的资源与生产、化学成分、药理作用、临床应用等方面的研究进展，为白花蛇舌草深入研究提供参考。     

左氟沙星市场透析

目的 :了解我国左氟沙星市场现状及发展趋势。方法 :对左氟沙星的国内、外生产和销售情况进行分析 ,进而预测其市场前景。结果与结论 :我国左氟沙星市场前景广阔 ,竞争日趋激烈 ,工商企业应密切注意市场变化。     

阳离子抗菌肽研究进展

阳离子抗菌肽广泛分布于多种生物 ,越来越多的证据表明它们在机体天然免疫中有着重要的作用。广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤细胞及其它特性也使得其具有潜在的医药价值。对抗菌肽的研究正不断深入。该文从一般性质、作用机制、构效关系、重组表达、应用价值、存在的问题与发展方向等方面 ,对阳离子抗菌肽的最新研究进展进行综述     

青霉素过滤工艺改进

目的：为了进一步解决青霉素生产过过程中的过滤问题和进一步扩大产量，克服原设备的缺陷。方法：我们采用了目前国内制药企业广泛使用的鼓式过滤机过滤技术及利用热交换器进行热量交换以达到生产工艺的要求同时改进相应工艺。结果：达到降低生产成本、扩大生产产量、加快生产速度，提高生产产率的结果。结论：通过实际生产证明完全符合实际生产的需要。本文就目前青霉素过滤过程中的几个关键环节作简要讨论。     

生物技术在现代中药材生产领域的应用及应注意的问题

本文对生物技术在中药材种质保存与鉴定、育种、种苗与活性成分工业化生产等领域的应用进行了综述，并提出了应注意的问题，为中药材的现代化生产提供参考。     

中、美药品委托生产比较

目的 :为进一步完善和规范我国药品委托生产提供借鉴。方法 :通过对中、美两国药品委托生产方面有关规定的比较 ,分析我国药品委托生产的现状及存在的问题。结果与结论 :我国目前应当积极借鉴发达国家的先进经验 ,进一步加强相关的法律法规制订。     

人精浆酸性磷酸酶对小鼠T淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响

本文研究了从正常人精浆中分离纯化的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）对BALB／c小鼠脾脏细胞来源的T淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响。本文采用MTT生物学测定法测IL-2活性。实验证明：人糖浆ACP对小鼠T淋巴细胞产生IL-2有明显的抑制作用（P＜0．05），并且抑制作用随ACP剂量的增加而增强。这说明了精浆中大量ACP是构成精浆免疫抑制功能的重要组成成份之一。     

氯乙烯对大鼠精子生成量和畸形率的影响

[目的 ]探讨氯乙烯 (vinylchloride ,VC)对雄性大鼠精子生成和畸形发生的影响。 [方法 ] 68只SD雄性大鼠随机分成 4组 ,分别为 5 ,10 ,2 0mg/kg 3个染毒组和对照组 ,进行 12周亚慢性实验 ,分别在染毒 3 ,6,9周每组随机处理 3只大鼠观察睾丸的精子头计数、每日精子生成量 (dailyspermproduction ,DSP)、精子畸形发生率和睾丸组织碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶 (LDHx)的动态变化。 [结果 ]染毒结束时 ,各染毒组睾丸精子头计数和DSP均低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;高剂量组ALP和LDHx活性分别为 71.60 μmol/(min·gpro)和 173 6.0 2 μmol/(min·gpro) ,都低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。 [结论 ] 2 0mg/kg氯乙烯经 12周亚慢性染毒对雄性大鼠具有一定的生殖毒性。