The role of nigral and thalamic output pathways in the expression of oral stereotypies induced by amphetamine injections into the striatum

Microinjections of amphetamine into the ventrolateral striatum (VLS) elicit a striking behavioral syndrome characterized by compulsive oral and forelimb motor stereotypies. The neural pathways that mediate these behavioral responses downstream from the striatum have not yet been identified. In a series of experiments, we investigated the involvement of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VMT) in the mediation of this behavioral syndrome. We demonstrated that lidocaine-induced reversible inactivation of the SNr reduced amphetamine-induced stereotyped biting and gnawing behaviors, suggesting that the nigral output pathway plays a significant role in the expression of these behavioral responses. In turn, injections of lidocaine into the VMT only transiently reduced amphetamine-stimulated biting and increased stereotyped gnawing and paw nibbling, suggesting that the expression of oral stereotypies induced by amphetamine injections into the VLS is not dependent on thalamocortical feedback.     

Cellular expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in subpopulations of neurons in the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata

In order to characterize the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor immunoreactivity in subpopulations of neurons in the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), double labeling experiments were performed. Neurons in the reticulata were found to display GluR1, GluR2, GluR2/3, GluR4, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) and NMDAR2B immunoreactivity. Some of the reticulata neurons were shown to display GluR1 and GluR2 immunoreactivity or GluR2 and GluR4 immunoreactivity at the single cell level. In addition, subpopulations of reticulata neurons were characterized on the basis of the strong expression of parvalbumin (PV) and GABA transaminase immunoreactivity. All of the reticulata neurons that displayed strong immunoreactivity for PV or GABA transaminase also displayed immunoreactivity for GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4, NMDAR1 and NMDAR2B. A tiny portion (around 15%) of reticulata neurons that display NMDAR1 immunoreactivity was found to be PV- or GABA-transaminase-negative. The present results indicate that native alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA)-type receptors and NMDA-type receptors in the rat substantia nigra are composed of heteromeric receptor subunits. The present findings further demonstrate that most of the AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptor subunits are primarily expressed by subpopulations of neurons in the rat SNr.     

Egr-1基因启动子介导肿瘤基因放疗的研究进展

Egr-1基因是一种即刻早期基因，其启动子可感受自由基、电离辐射等理化刺激，继而诱导Egr-1基因或其下游基因表达。对转染了Egr-1基因启动子启动的肿瘤杀伤基因的肿瘤细胞．实施局部照射可诱导基因表达，通过射线与基因的双重作用杀伤肿瘤。此方法既解决了外源基因靶向表达的难题，又降低了照射剂量．减少了正常组织的损伤。     

植物源性转基因食品PCR检测技术研究

〔目的〕建立简便、快速、灵敏、特异的植物源性转基因食品DNA检测技术。〔方法〕针对转基因植物技术中载体上常用花椰菜花叶病毒的 3 5S启动子和根农杆菌的NOS终止子特异基因序列 ,设计合成特异的引物对 3 5s -f/ 3 5s-r、Nos -f/Nos -r ,利用基因PCR扩增技术检测植物源性转基因食品。〔结果〕引物对 3 5s -f/ 3 5s -r、Nos -f/Nos -r分别成功从转基因大豆中扩增出 195bp和 180bp特异的DNA带。采用引物对 3 5s -f/ 3 5s -r进行PCR时检测灵敏度为每反应 10 4分子 ;采用Nos -f/Nos -r时检测灵敏度为 2× 10 4分子。最低可以对 0 .1μg转基因大豆进行检测。〔结论〕基于 3 5S启动子和NOS终止子基因序列的PCR扩增技术是一种简便、快速、灵敏、特异的植物源性转基因食品DNA检测技术     

基于GADD153启动子的环境致癌物快速筛选系统研究

[目的]构建快速检测环境中痕量致癌物DNA损伤效应的重组人肝细胞株。[方法]构建含生长抑制与DNA损伤基因153(GADD153)启动子和萤光素酶报告基因的重组稳定转染人肝肿瘤HepG2细胞;发光检测不同致癌物对稳定转染细胞的DNA损伤效应;同时RT-PCR检测内源性GADD153mRNA的表达;彗星试验(Cometassay)检测DNA的损伤效应。[结果]稳定转染GADD153-LUC细胞株可检出多环芳烃、芳香胺、重金属、农药等已知环境致癌物以及实际水样中的含量。检测结果与彗星试验结果相比,大多数检测下限均低于彗星试验的检测限,其中对苯并芘、氯化镉和2-氨基芴的检测灵敏度分别高于彗星试验1000、300和100倍;对Aems试验不敏感的重金属、四氯化碳、氟化钠等重组细胞株具有较高的检测灵敏性。10μmol/L的氯化镉可诱导内源性GADD153mRNA和萤光素酶活性表达增加,相关分析表明两者具有良好的相关性(r2=0.9539)。[结论]重组细胞株GADD153-LUC细胞可快速检测环境中痕量污染物的DNA损伤效应。     

端粒酶的调节基因TRAP在皮肤基底细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨端粒酶的调节基因TRAP在皮肤基底细胞癌中的表达情况。方法:用免疫组化S-P法检测TRAP在38例皮肤基底细胞癌、15例正常皮肤中的表达。结果:TRAP在皮肤基底细胞癌的表达高于正常皮肤(P<0.01);在未分化型与分化型基底细胞癌表达的差异无统计学意义。结论:TRAP的异常高表达可能与皮肤基底细胞癌的发病有关。TRAP的表达与基底细胞癌的病理分型无关。     

对城市社区静脉吸毒人群AIDS相关行为及同伴教育的分析性研究

目的：分析社区静脉吸毒人群（IDUs）艾滋病相关行为特点及目前同伴教育的开展情况，提出建议。方法：以定性和定量相结合方法对某市城市社区静脉吸毒人群和疾控中心相关工作人员进行调查。结果：IDUs对艾滋病知识已有相当程度了解。共用注射器情况在减少。但仍有37．1％的对象近半年内共用过注射器。90％的对象有固定的活动圈子，圈子中毒友相处时间平均约4．5年，圈子中存在“核心人物”。在和固定性伴、非固定性伴、商业性性工作者发生性行为时，安全套的使用率分别为28．6％、53．3％、60．0％。结论：1）仅知识的增加并不足以阻止HIV在IDUs中传播；2）应更加关注HIV由IDUs经性途径向非高危人群传播的可能性；3）同伴教育的基础是IDUs“圈子”和“核心人物”的存在，但也受“圈子”和“核心人物”特点的限制。故其作用不宜高估；4）同伴教育的策略方法应予改进。     

小儿腔隙性脑梗死的病因与CT分析

目的探讨小儿腔隙性脑梗死的病因与CT表现。方法对43例腔隙性脑梗死的临床资料进行分析。结果(1)病因:头轻微外伤21例,上呼吸道感染8例,水痘2例,线粒体脑肌病(MELAS),烟雾病1例,系统性红斑狼疮1例,原因不明9例。(2)临床表现:偏瘫41例,失语5例,癫疒间10例,突发性耳聋2例。(3)CT:43例患儿发现51处病灶,其中15例患儿发现一侧或双侧基底节区点状或片状钙化,其附近存在类圆形点或片状低密度灶。(4)预后:40例患儿在12周内症状消失。结论小儿与成人引起腔隙性脑梗死病因不同,预后好。基底节钙化与外伤后急性偏瘫的发生有一定关系。     

做好医疗设备装备工作 提升医院核心竞争力

列举了医院核心竞争力的定义、要素,指出了医疗设备装备工作在提升医院核心竞争力方面的作用,讨论了医疗设备的装备原则、装备程序,最后提出只有充分发挥先进医疗设备的高级功能,才能起到提升医院核心竞争力的作用。