Nocturnal sleep in huntington's disease

Summary Nocturnal sleep was studied in 16 inpatients with Huntington's disease. In comparison with healthy controls, patients exhibited a disturbed sleep pattern with increased sleep onset latency, reduced sleep efficiency, frequent nocturnal awakenings, more time spent awake and less slow wave sleep. These abnormalities correlated in part with duration of illness, severity of clinical symptoms, and degree of atrophy of the caudate nucleus. Patients showed an increased density of sleep spindles.     

打造医院品牌增强核心竞争力

企业的竞争靠产品质量,医院的竞争靠特色技术.面对医疗市场的新形势、新任务、新要求和新挑战,如何打造医院品牌,增强核心竞争力,围绕这一课题,本文提出要始终坚持用科学发展观统揽全局,坚定不移地走特色兴院之路,力求在培养重点学科上谋求新突破;在培养人才上谋求新作为;在强化经营理念上谋求新创新;在提高服务质量上谋求新发展.     

Convergence of subthalamic and striatal efferents at pallidal level in primates: an anterograde double-labeling study with biocytin and PHA-L

Small injections of two highly sensitive anterograde tracers, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and biocytin, into the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) have revealed a high degree of convergence of striatal and subthalamic fibers upon single pallidal cells. Both afferent systems formed highly complex band-like patterns that were largely in register with one another. At single cell level, the somata of pallidal neurons were closely surrounded by subthalamic terminal varicosities, whereas the dendrites were entwined mostly by striatal fibers. Typically, a subthalamopallidal fiber coursed in a caudorostral direction and arborized according to a uniform pattern along its trajectory in the pallidum. Numerous thin and markedly varicose axon collaterals detached themselves at right angle from the main subthalamopallidal fiber. These highly branched collaterals were mostly oriented along the mediolateral plane and entwined rather loosely the dendrites but surrounded very closely the somata of pallidal neurons. In contrast, a striatopallidal fiber travelled in a rostrocaudal direction. Its initial segment made only en passant contacts with pallidal cell bodies, whereas its distal end closely entwined the dendrites of pallidal neurons, forming arrangements similar to 'woolly' type fibers. These results suggest that a single subthalamic fiber may influence a rather large collection of pallidal neurons in a similar fashion, compared to the striatal input which appears to exert a more specific control upon selected sets of the same pallidal neurons.     

Kringle 5的真核植物细胞穿梭表达载体的构建

目的：构建含有目的基因kring5的真核植物细胞穿酸表达载体。方法：应用RT－PCR方法，从正常人肝脏组织中获得kringle5基因，测序后，再通过DNA重组技术，将kringle5基因片段克隆到真核植物细胞表达载体pBI121和pCAMBIA3301上。结果：得到的kringle5基因序列测定结果与文献相符，重组载体pB1k5和pC33k5经酶切鉴定正确，含有植物高效表达CaMV35S启动子。结论：重组载体pB1k5和pC33k5不仅可以在大肠杆菌中稳定复制，而且可以在植物细胞中表达。     

Direct demonstration of interactions between substance P immunoreactive terminals and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra of the rat: an ultrastructural study

The results of many anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological studies suggest that substance P-containing neurons of the striatum project to the substantia nigra, and that substance P influences the activity of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. The purpose of the present ultrastructural study was to employ dual immunocytochemical labeling to determine the morphological basis for the observed actions of substance P on nigral dopaminergic neurons. Substance P-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities were localized simultaneously at the ultrastructural level in the substantia nigra of the rat. A double label method was utilized which relied on a combination of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method (Sternberger, 1979) for substance P, and immunogold or silver enhanced immunogold labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase. The present results indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THLI) dendrites in the substantia nigra receive synaptic input from terminals exhibiting substance P-like immunoreactivity. These findings support the idea that substance P is a major neurotransmitter in the striatonigral loop, and suggest that striatal substance P neurons act directly upon nigral dopaminergic cells.     

Organization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in human striatum: receptor autoradiographic studies in Huntington's disease and schizophrenia

The technique of quantitative autoradiography was used to examine the effects of Huntington's disease (HD) and schizophrenia on the organization of striatal dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors. Whereas the striatum of HD cases showed a reduction in the density of D1 ([3H]SCH 23390) and D2 ([3H]spiroperidol) receptors, the patterning of D2 receptor loss did not match that of the D1 receptor loss. The HD loss of D1 D1 receptors (65%) is far greater than the loss of D2 receptors (28%). Whereas there was a dorsal-ventral gradient of effect on both receptor subtypes, the effects of HD on D2 receptors in the ventral putamen (PUT) and nucleus accumben septi (NAS) were minimal. Similarly, muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors demonstrate different patterns of alteration in HD. The M2 subtype, labeled with [3H]N-methylscopolamine (in the presence of excess pirenzepine to occlude M1 sites), was depleted far more than the M1 receptor subtype, labeled with [3H]pirenzepine. Although the effects of HD on [3H]mazindol labeling of DA terminals were more heterogeneous, there appeared to be a relative preservation of this afferent input to the striatum of the HD cases. In the schizophrenic cases, our autoradiographic studies confirm previous reports of an elevation of D2 receptor density in the striata of many schizophrenics. This increase was evident even though two of the three cases were known to have not been treated with neuroleptics, and the third case may also have been drug naive. However, the increase was far greater in the NAS (164%) and ventral PUT (173%) than more dorsally in the striatum (68%). The density of D1 receptors and DA terminals labeled with [3H]mazindol in the striatum of schizophrenics was not significantly different from that of control cases. Thus in both HD and schizophrenia, the ratio of D2/D1 receptors is altered in favor of the D2 population, particularly in the NAS.     

小鼠足容积的活体和离体测量

本实验建立小鼠足容积测量方法学并提供小鼠足容积的生理数值，为进一步研究实验性皮肤癌发生的免疫机制打下基础．根据毛细管放大原理，使用自制的小鼠足容积测量仪测量３５１只昆明种小鼠左右足容积，发现左右足容积几乎相等．另对１５０只小鼠左右足进行３６９次重复测量，发现合格测量超过９７％．不同体重小鼠足生长曲线研究表明，随着体重的增加，小鼠足容积渐趋于一定值，表明生长停止．并且体重２５ｇ以上小鼠活体离体足容积差接近一定值，这提示大龄小鼠足血管张力和容积基本恒定．     

微创穿刺术治疗基底节区脑出血临床随机对照研究

目的评价比较微创穿刺血肿粉碎清除术与内科保守治疗两种方法治疗基底节区脑出血(25～40m l)的疗效异同。方法采用多中心、随机对照试验的方法,42个参研医院共随机入选465例基底节区脑出血患者,根据纳入与排除标准共排除88例,其中资料不全者16例;不符合入选标准者72例,分别为Glasgow评分≤8分(64例)、术前出血量>40m l(7例)、从发病到达急诊室时间>72h(1例)。评价治疗14d时两组患者神经功能缺损程度和日常生活活动能力、治疗3个月时的日常生活活动能力以及3个月和住院期间病死率。结果最终符合入组标准的病例数为377例,其中微创治疗组195例,对照组182例。微创治疗组患者于治疗14d时,神经功能改善明显优于对照组(χ2=7.931,P=0.02);治疗3个月时达良好功能状态的患者比例明显多于对照组(35.91%vs21.82%;χ2=8.294P=0.004)。微创治疗组病,残率明显低于对照组(40.88%vs63.03%,χ2=16.948,P<0.01);两组病死率间差异无显著性意义(6.67%vs8.79%)。结论与单纯内科保守治疗相比,应用微创穿刺血肿粉碎清除术治疗基底节区小血肿不增加病死率,并可明显提高脑出血患者的日常生活活动能力,降低病残率。     

Manganese induced brain lesions inMacaca fascicularis as revealed by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

A series of positron emission tomography scans was made on two monkeys during a 16-month period when they received manganese(IV)oxide by subcutaneous injection. The distribution of [¹¹C]-nomifensine uptake, indicating dopamine terminals, was followed in both monkey brains. The brain distributions of [¹¹C]-raclopride, demonstrating D₂ dopamine receptors, and [¹¹C]-l-dopa, as a marker of dopamine turnover, were followed in one monkey each. The monkeys developed signs of poisoning namely unsteady gait and hypoactivity. The [¹¹C]-nomifensine uptake in the striatum was reduced with time and reached a 60% reduction after 16 months exposure. This supports the suggestion that dopaminergic nerve endings degenerate during manganese intoxication. The [¹¹C]-l-dopa decarboxylation was not significantly altered indicating a sparing of [¹¹C]-l-dopa decarboxylation during manganese poisoning. A transient decrease of [¹¹C]-raclopride binding occurred but at the end of the study D₂-receptor binding had returned to starting values. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the manganese accumulated in the globus pallidus, putamen and caudate nucleus. There were also suggestions of gliosis/edema in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. MRI might be useful to follow manganese intoxication in humans as long as the scan is made within a few months of exposure to manganese, i. e. before a reversal of the manganese accumulation.