Chemopreventive activity of Azadirachta indica on two‐stage skin carcinogenesis in murine model

The present study reports the chemopreventive activity of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE) in a murine two‐stage skin carcinogenesis model. Skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) (500 nmol/100 µL for 2 weeks) followed by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) (1.7 nmol/100 µL of acetone, twice weekly) as a promoter. Male LACA mice were divided into four groups: control, DMBA/TPA, AAILE and AAILE + DMBA/TPA. AAILE was administered orally at a dose level of 300 mg/kg body weight thrice a week for 20 weeks. 100% tumor incidence was observed in the DMBA/TPA treated animals, whereas the AAILE + DMBA treated animals exhibited a tumor incidence of 58.3% only. A significant reduction in the mean tumor burden (54.5%) and mean tumor volume (45.6%) was observed in the mice that received AAILE along with DMBA/TPA. Topical application of DMBA/TPA to the skin resulted in well‐developed carcinomas associated with decreased expression of pro‐apoptotic protein such as caspase 3 and enhanced expression of antiapoptotic protein such as bcl‐2 when compared with the control counterparts. However, adminstration of AAILE inhibited skin carcinogenesis with induction of pro‐apoptotic proteins such as bax, caspase 3, caspase 9 and inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins such as bcl‐2. These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of A. indica. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and mangiferin reduce the airway inflammation and Th2 cytokines in murine model of allergic asthma

Objectives The aim was to study the effects of Mangifera indica extract and its major component mangiferin on lung inflammation response and Th2 cytokine production using a murine experimental model of allergic asthma. Methods BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with 10 µg of ovoalbumin (OVA) adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide on days 0, 7 and 14. Seven days after the last injection, the mice were challenged with 2% aerosolized OVA inhalation for 30 min beginning on day 21 and continuing until day 24. To evaluate the protective effect, mice were orally treated with M. indica extract (50, 100 or 250 mg/kg) or mangiferin (50 mg/kg) from days 0 to 24. Anti‐OVA immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5 were determined by ELISA and lungs were analysed by histology. Key findings M. indica extract and mangiferin produced a marked reduction of airway inflammation around vessels and bronchi, inhibition of IL‐4 and IL‐5 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lymphocyte culture supernatant, IgE levels and lymphocyte proliferation. Conclusion This is the first pre‐clinical report of the anti‐inflammatory properties of M. indica extract and mangiferin in experimental asthma and it could be an important part of pre‐clinical requirement necessary for its use to complement the treatment of this complex disease.     

蛇莓的研究进展

本文从生药学、化学成分、药理作用、栽培技术及资源利用等方面对蛇莓进行系统综述,以期为蛇莓资源的进一步开发应用提供参考依据.     

落地生多糖降血糖作用的试验研究

目的研究落地生多糖对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的影响。方法将四氧嘧啶按180 mg/kg一次性腹腔注射诱导试验性糖尿病,给予落地生多糖干预。落地生多糖分别按1,3,10 g/（kg.d）灌胃给药,于给药前、给药后1,3,7 d尾静脉取血,血糖仪测定血糖水平。结果药物干预前,四氧嘧啶造模各组与正常对照组相比均有高基线的空腹血糖水平（P〈0.01）,且组间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。药物干预后,落地生多糖灌胃剂量10 g/（kg.d）和3 g/（kg.d）组能明显降低四氧嘧啶高血糖大鼠的血糖（P〈0.01）。结论落地生多糖具有降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠血糖的作用。     

芒果叶的化学成分研究

目的:研究芒果(Mangifera indica L.)叶的化学成分。方法:用甲醇提取及柱色谱等方法进行分离,波谱法鉴定结构。结果:从芒果叶中分离并鉴定了5个化合物,其结构分别为β-谷甾醇(1)、山奈酚(2)、槲皮素(3)、杨梅素(4)和芒果苷(5)。结论:杨梅素为首次从芒果植物中分离得到;实验结果可为芒果的进一步研究开发提供科学依据。     

蛇莓黄酮苷类化学成分研究

 目的研究蔷薇科植物蛇莓(Duchesnea indica Focke)的黄酮类化学成分。方法采用多种色谱技术对黄酮类成分进行分离纯化,经理化数据和光谱数据分析鉴定其结构。结果从蛇莓中分离得到6个黄酮类化合物,结构鉴定为洋芹素-6-C-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1),金合欢素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),山奈素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(3),芦丁(4),异槲皮苷(5)和金丝桃苷(6)。结论6个化合物均为首次从本植物中获得。     

蛇莓乙酸乙酯萃取物的化学成分

目的:研究蛇莓乙酸乙酯萃取物的化学成分.方法:以95%乙醇回流提取,对提取液的乙酸乙酯萃取物采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和高效液相色谱进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的化学结构.结果:分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为蔷薇酸(1),arjunic acid(2),对羟基桂皮酸(3).芹菜素(4),山柰酚(5),2α-羟基乌苏酸(6),2α-羟基齐墩果酸(7),委陵菜酸(8),刺梨苷(9),翻白叶苷A(10),野蔷薇苷(11),紫云英苷(12)和异槲皮苷(13).结论:化合物2～5、10、12均为首次从蛇莓属中分离得到.     

蛇莓化学成分和药理作用的研究进展

蛇莓具有清热解毒、消肿散瘀功效,民间多与其它中草药配合使用,用于多种癌症的治疗,近年发现该植物中含有酚酸和三萜类等成分,具有显著的抗氧化和抗肿瘤等药理活性。本文从化学成分、药理作用以及临床应用方面对蔷薇科蛇莓属植物-蛇莓[Duchesnea indica（Andr）Focke]及其同属植物皱果蛇莓[Duchesnea chrysantha（Zollinger & Moritzi）Miquel]进行了系统的综述,以期为其进一步的研究和开发提供有益的参考。     

Generation of diagnostic anti-teliospore antibodies for development of specific immunodiagnostic format for detection of Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) of wheat

Rabbit antisera were generated against four preparations of teliospores of Tilletia indica the fungus responsible for Karnal bunt in wheat having titre ranging from 1:2500 to 1:10,000. The suitability of four solubilising agents (I–IV) used for extraction of teliospores/spore proteins was assessed, highest protein extractability was observed with solubilising agent I (0.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate). The maximum immunoreactivity in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was observed with the teliosporic protein(s) extracted using solubilising agent I followed by agent II, IV and III. Further, the results of western blotting with proteins from different fungal pathogens using anti-intact teliospores antibody showed one unique immunoreactive band of 28 kDa with teliosporic protein of T. indica only. The potential diagnostic antibody was generated against the characterised protein (28 kDa) of teliospore wall's antigen of T. indica. The developed diagnostic antibody and solubilising agent I could therefore be employed for development of specific and rapid immunodiagnostic format for detection of Karnal bunt.     

Purified neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts (Praneem) abrogate pregnancy in primates

The use of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts (Praneem) given orally for abrogation of pregnancy in subhuman primates is described. Oral administration of Praneem was initiated after confirmation of pregnancy using Leydig cell bioassay estimating rising levels of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in the blood from day 25 onwards of the cycle and continued for six days. Termination of pregnancy was observed with the appearance of blood in the vaginal smears and decline in CG and progesterone. Pregnancy continued in the control animals treated with peanut oil at the same dose. The effect was observed in both baboons and bonnet monkeys. The treatment was well tolerated; blood chemistry and liver function tests had normal values. The animals regained their normal cyclicity in the cycles subsequent to Praneem treatment.