Early experience with conversion to sirolimus in a pediatric renal transplant population

Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive agent that offers potentially significant benefits for young transplant patients facing life-long treatment. Its action of reducing cell proliferation may reduce the risk of chronic allograft nephropathy and posttransplant neoplasia. Twenty-nine children were converted from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus after renal transplantation and followed for a minimum of 12 months. Glomerular filtration increased transiently in those converted before 12 months after transplantation but not in those converted later, when chronic histological changes had developed. Mild acute rejection occurred after conversion in 10%, and side effects led to cessation of sirolimus in 31%. Anemia occurred in 55% of patients and responded well to darbepoetin. Most side effects (anemia, hypercholesterolemia, mouth ulcers, and myalgias) became less severe with time. The number of antihypertensive drugs required decreased significantly on sirolimus. Although side effects are frequent on sirolimus, in the majority of children, they are mild enough to allow the patient to continue taking the drug, and for these children the long-term benefits are potentially valuable.     

Comparison of 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging with modified MDRD equation for glomerular filtration rate estimation in Chinese patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: The renal dynamic imaging method (modified Gate's method) with (99m)Tc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) is simple and less time consuming for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation than other methods. However, its diagnostic performance as a surrogate marker of GFR is questioned increasingly. Recently, the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation based on data from Chinese patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) showed significant performance improvement. In the present study, the renal dynamic imaging methods and the modified abbreviated MDRD equation were compared with the plasma clearance method. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty two patients with CKD were selected. GFR were estimated simultaneously using three methods: (i) modified Gate's method (gGFR); (ii) the modified abbreviated MDRD equation (c-aGFR) and (iii) dual plasma sampling method (rGFR). Using rGFR as the reference method, gGFR and c-aGFR were compared with rGFR in each stage of CKD. RESULTS: Both gGFR and c-aGFR were correlated well with rGFR (r(gGFR) = 0.81 and r(c-aGFR) = 0.90, P < 0.001). In the overall performance, c-aGFR had less bias (849.5 vs 933.1 arbitrary units), higher precision (57 vs 78.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and higher accuracy than gGFR. For gGFR, the 15, 30 and 50% accuracies were 32.4, 56.0 and 79.1%, respectively; for c-aGFR, the corresponding accuracy rose to 43.2%, 75.5% and 90.9%, respectively. In each stage of CKD, the modified abbreviated MDRD equation also outperformed the modified Gate's method in the GFR estimation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the performance of the renal dynamic imaging in total GFR estimation was not better than the modified abbreviated MDRD equation in our patient group, and should not be used as a surrogate marker of GFR, especially in clinical trials. We presume that the dynamic renal imaging methods for estimation of GFR can be improved by using proper reference GFR, more adequate background subtraction and soft-tissue attenuation correction, in a relatively larger sample size.     

经肛门串联重叠手术治疗直肠前突的临床研究

目的：探讨直肠前突病例的手术术式和治疗结果。方法：48例中，重度直肠前突采用经肛门直肠前壁切开将肌肉串联黏膜重叠缝合修补术，同时常规将内括约肌挑出切断术，包括耻骨直肠肌部分切除术和肠疝经腹切除冗长肠段，作对端缝合，疗效观察。结果：全部病例经6个月至2年的随诊，复查，排便通畅，临床症状消失，效果优者35例，良好11例，术后症状轻度改善2例，症状改善总有效率95.8%。结论：选择性直肠前突施行经肛门直肠前壁黏膜切开，肌肉串联，黏膜重叠缝合术效果满意，黏膜的分离，串联重叠缝合程度是手术成功的关键。     

Interstitial expression of alpha-SMA: an early marker of chronic renal allograft dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Renal myofibroblast infiltration has been shown to be strongly associated with renal function decline in several chronic renal diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether early detection of myofibroblast infiltration using alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in time-zero biopsies predicts renal allograft dysfunction. METHODS: We studied renal tissue from 38 renal transplant patients from whom biopsies had been taken after vascular anastomosis during transplantation to ascertain whether myofibroblasts infiltration predicts renal graft survival. Immunohistochemistry was performed on time-zero biopsies to determine alpha-SMA expression, and this was compared to annual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) variation and other parameters including cold ischaemic time (CIT), donor and recipient age, number of acute rejections, and delayed graft function (DGF). GFR was measured by inulin clearance during of 3 years of follow-up after the transplantation. Progressors were defined as patients with an annual GFR decline >5 ml/min/year. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between interstitial alpha-SMA expression in time-zero biopsies and GFR evolution during the post-transplantation course (r=0.60, P<0.001). Although progressors had greater interstitial alpha-SMA expression than non progressors (7.9+/-0.7 vs 4.3+/-0.4%), they showed only a tendency towards higher glomerular alpha-SMA expression. In addition, progressors had more interstitial fibrosis in time-zero biopsies than non-progressors. There was no relationship between alpha-SMA expression and CIT, donor and recipient ages, number of acute rejections, and occurrence of DGF. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that alpha-SMA evaluation in time-zero biopsies, especially the combination of alpha-SMA expression and interstitial fibrosis, can strongly predict chronic renal allograft dysfunctions.     

抑炎因子IL-35与移植肾功能延迟恢复关系的研究

目的  探讨白细胞介素（IL）-35与移植肾功能恢复情况之间的关系。方法  回顾性分析45例心脏死亡器官捐献（DCD）供肾肾移植受体的临床资料。根据肾移植术后是否发生移植物功能延迟恢复（DGF）,所有受体分为早期肾功能恢复良好（IGF）组（32例）和DGF组（13例）。比较肾移植术后1、2、3、7、14、28 d及术后3个月、6个月、1年各时间点两组受体的血清肌酐（Scr）和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）水平;比较肾移植术后1、2、3、7、14、28 d各时间点两组受体血清和尿液IL-35含量。结果  DGF组受体术后肾功能恢复迟缓,术后7 d时Scr水平高于IGF组,eGFR水平低于IGF组,差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。术后1年,两组受体Scr水平的差异无统计学意义,但eGFR仍存在较大差异,与IGF组相比,DGF组受体术后1年时eGFR仍降低（P < 0.05）。术后1、2、3、7、14 d,DGF组血清中IL-35含量均低于IGF组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）;术后28 d,与IGF组相比,DGF组血清IL-35含量反而升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。术后1、2、3、7 d,DGF组尿液中IL-35含量均低于IGF组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）;术后14、28 d,两组受体尿液IL-35含量进行比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。结论  肾移植术后受体血清和尿液中IL-35含量低与DGF发生存在一定的联系,提示术后早期受体全身和移植肾局部抑炎应答过弱,过度的炎症应答得不到有效控制,可能是DGF发生的重要原因。     

Smoking and FGFR2 rs2981582 variant independently modulate male breast cancer survival: A population-based study in Tuscany,Italy

AimMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and recommendations for its clinical management are often extrapolated from those for female breast cancer, even if breast cancer (BC) has different characteristics in the two sexes. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of several individual characteristics including clinico-pathological, lifestyle and genetic factors on overall survival (OS) of a relatively large and well characterized population-based series of 166 MBCs enrolled in Tuscany.MethodsWe genotyped MBC cases at BRCA1/2 genes and at 9 candidate BC susceptibility SNPs. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression, adjusted for several individual characteristics were used. To reduce a possible selection bias related to the interval between diagnosis and enrolment of MBC cases into the study, we used the date of blood donation as the date of the start of observation for survival analysis.ResultsOnly smoking habits had a significant effect on OS at 10 years (for current smokers, HR: 3.34; 95% CI 1.45–7.68; p = 0.004), while lymph node status fell short of reaching statistical significance (for pN positive, HR: 2.07; 95% CI 0.93–4.55; p = 0.07). In the same multivariate analysis we found a significantly higher OS in cases with FGFR2 rs2981582 variant in the dominant transmission model (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13–0.62; p = 0.028). A sensitivity analysis with left truncation showed similar results.ConclusionsOur results may contribute to shed light on factors influencing MBC survival suggesting an important role for cigarette smoking and FGFR2 rs2981582 variant, and provide clues for better patient management.     

悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术临床研究

目的探讨悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术的可行性。方法回顾性分析43例悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术的临床资料,分析手术难点。结果43例手术均成功完成,无中转及死亡病例。手术时间120～240min,平均180min,术中出血小于150mL。术后恢复顺利,43例随访4～10个月,平均7个月,无并发症发生。结论悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术避免了气腹对人体血流动力学的影响,扩大了腹腔镜直肠癌手术的适应证,是一种安全、可行、经济的手术方法。     

新疆地区维吾尔族35岁以上人群肾功能与动脉僵硬度的相关性

目的 研究新疆地区维吾尔族人群的肾功能与动脉僵硬程度的相关性.方法 应用四阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2007年10月至2010年3月,在乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、阜康市、吐鲁番地区、和田地区、伊犁哈萨克自治州、阿勒泰地区抽取了35岁以上,资料完整的维吾尔族城乡居民4312人,进行研究分析.用简化MDRD公式计算估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR).测量双侧臂-踝脉搏波速度(b-aPWV),取双侧的平均值与eGFR做线性相关性分析,并对b-aPWV的影响因素进行校正.结果 eGFR与平均b-aPWV值呈负相关(R=0.174,P＜0.01).运用Stepwise多重线性回归校正年龄、性别、体质量指数、收缩压、舒张压、腰围、臀围、尿酸、空腹血糖、总胆同醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白后,eGFR仍与b-aPWV呈负相关(P=0.012).结论 新疆地区35岁以上维吾尔族人群的肾功能与动脉僵硬度存在负相关.     

肝移植病区与非肝移植病区细菌感染与耐药性监测的比较

目的比较肝移植病区与非肝移植病区细菌菌种分布及耐药情况。方法对2008年1月1日至12月31日在中山大学附属第三医院肝移植病区和非肝移植病区住院患者的病原菌阳性标本进行分析。比较两个病区的菌株分布和耐药性。结果肝移植病区共检出菌株116株,其中革兰阴性（G-）杆菌占60.3%,革兰阳性（G＋）球菌占39.7%。非肝移植病区共检出菌株1791株,G-杆菌和G＋球菌分别占53.1%和46.9%。非肝移植病区检出的G-杆菌中,肠杆菌科细菌占57.2%,非发酵菌占32.2%;而肝移植病区非发酵菌占64.3%,肠杆菌科细菌占30%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。肝移植病区检出的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrumβ-lactamases,ESBLs）检出率明显高于非肝移植病区,分别为80.0%、51.1%,87.5%、48.9%（均为P〈0.05）。非肝移植病区未发现泛耐药G-杆菌,肝移植病区检出2株泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌、1株鲍曼不动杆菌或溶血不动杆菌。非肝移植病区中1.9%肠球菌属对万古霉素耐药,肝移植病区为20%,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。肝移植病区检出的3株金黄色葡萄球菌均为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,而非肝移植病区相应为41.6%。结论肝移植病区和非肝移植病区病原菌的菌种分布不同。与非肝移植病区比较,肝移植病区检出的病原菌耐药率明显增高。     

Renal Function and Bone Loss in a Cohort of Afro‐Caribbean Men

Poor renal function is associated with increased rates of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in Caucasian men. The importance of kidney function for skeletal health in African ancestry men, who are a population segment with a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease as well as high peak bone mass, is not well known. We examined the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and rates of bone loss in a large population cohort of otherwise healthy Afro‐Caribbean men aged 40 years and older. Dual X‐ray absorptiometry of the proximal femur and quantitative computed tomography of the proximal radius and tibia were obtained approximately 6 years apart. We calculated eGFR from serum creatinine that was measured in fasting samples in 1451 men. Impaired kidney function (IKF, eGFR<60 ml/min/1.7 m²) was observed in 8.6% of the cohort. The relationship between IKF and baseline BMD and annualized rate of change in BMD was analyzed controlling for potentially important confounders. IKF was not associated with baseline BMD. In contrast, men with IKF experienced a rate of decline in areal BMD at the total hip, femoral neck and trochanter and cortical volumetric BMD compared to those with normal kidney function (p<0.05 for all). Impaired kidney function was not associated with changes in trabecular volumetric BMD. In conclusion, poorer kidney function is associated with accelerated bone loss among otherwise healthy Afro‐Caribbean men even after controlling for age and other important medical and lifestyle related variables. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.