阴虚阳虚大鼠模型PO/AH温度敏感神经元放电变化的观察

为了研究阴虚阳虚状态下体温中枢调节过程是否受到影响,本文采用微电极细胞外记录方法观察阴虚和阳虚大鼠模型视前区—下丘脑前部(PO/AH)温度敏感神经元放电变化,发现阴虚大鼠冷敏神经元比例上升,阳虚大鼠热敏神经元比例上升,两者的神经元构成比与对照组相比,差异有显著性(X~2=18.41,P<0.01),阴虚和阳虚组神经元平均放电频率都低于对照组,神经元对热刺激的耐受性也低于对照组。以上结果提示:阴虚和阳虚大鼠体温中枢调节功能有一定程度下降,并伴有产热一散热失衡。     

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Preoperative Determinants of Prolonged Operative Times, Conversion to Open Gastric Bypasses, and Postoperative Complications

Background: We examined our database of 600 consecutive laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (LRYGBP) to determine predictors of prolonged operations, conversion to open operations and postoperative complications. Methods: All were primary bariatric operations. Body habitus, gender, and previous surgery were evaluated. Results: Regression analysis showed the following parameters to correlate positively with increased operative time: 1) Waist, 2) BMI, 3) Weight, and 4) Waist/Hip ratio. Height and hip measurement did not correlate with operative time. No previous operations affected operative time. Conversion to open operation was necessary in 25/600 cases (4.2%). Conversion was necessary with larger waist measurement (P=0.00007) and increased waist/hip ratio (P=0.01) but not BMI. Conversion occurred more frequently in males (6/43, 14.0%) than females (19/557, 3.4%). This trend was statistically significant (P=0.006). An enlarged liver was responsible for 12/25 conversions. 6/12 patients with large livers had type II diabetes and 6/12 patients had biopsy-proven steatohepatitis. 2/12 had huge yellow-brown livers that were not biopsed. Liver function tests were normal in 8/8 patients preoperatively. Complications including leak (5), pulmonary embolus (2), hemorrhage (12), stenosis of the GI tract (24) and infection (7) occurred in 48/600 patients (8.0%). There were no deaths. Complications did not correlate with body habitus, gender, or previous surgery. Conclusion: Larger patients as measured by waist measurement, weight, and BMI but not previous surgery prolonged LRYGBP. Conversion to open surgery was more frequently necessary in patients with larger abdomens, central obesity, and type II diabetes. Complications did not correlate with any preoperative parameter measured.     

Aβ40 is associated with cognitive function,body fat and physical fitness in healthy older adults

Primary objectives: Body composition and obesity-related lifestyle factors are associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide integral in the pathogenesis of AD. Aβ has been shown to be related to body fat and exercise in younger adults; however, no study to date has examined the possible relationship among Aβ, body composition and fitness indices in older adults.

Methods and procedures: Thirty-five older adults without significant neurological or psychiatric history, underwent fasting blood draw and completed cognitive testing and body composition and physical fitness assessments.

Results: Partial correlations showed Aβ levels were inversely related to cognitive function, body fat and physical fitness measures.

Conclusions: Findings indicate Aβ is associated with cognitive function, body fat and physical fitness in neurologically healthy older adults. Further work is needed to clarify possible mechanisms, particularly longitudinal studies.     

Motor Competence in Early Childhood Is Positively Associated With Bone Strength in Late Adolescence

The onset of walking in early childhood results in exposure of the lower limb to substantial forces from weight bearing activity that ultimately contribute to adult bone strength. Relationships between gross motor score (GMS), at 18 months and bone outcomes measured at age 17 years were examined in 2327 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Higher GMS indicated greater motor competence in weight‐bearing activities. Total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and hip cross‐sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) were assessed from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone measures including cortical bone mineral content (BMC), periosteal circumference (PC), cortical thickness (CT), cortical bone area (CBA), cortical BMD (BMD_C) and cross‐sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at 50% distal‐proximal length. Before adjustment, GMS was associated with hip BMD, CSMI, and tibia BMC, PC, CT, CBA and CSMI (all p < 0.001) but not BMD_C (p > 0.25). Strongest associations (standardized regression coefficients with 95% CI) were between GMS and hip BMD (0.086; 95% CI, 0.067 to 0.105) and tibia BMC (0.105; 95% CI, 0.089 to 0.121). With the exception of hip BMD, larger regression coefficients were observed in males (gender interactions all p < 0.05). Adjustment for lean mass resulted in substantial attenuation of regression coefficients, suggesting associations between impaired motor competence and subsequent bone development are partly mediated by alterations in body composition. In conclusion, impaired motor competence in childhood is associated with lower adolescent bone strength, and may represent a risk factor for subsequent osteoporosis. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

Changes of the plasma ketone body level and arterial ketone body ratio at the onset of mild aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiologic changes of ketone bodies in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. We tested the hypothesis that the plasma ketone bodies are associated with the vasoconstrictor and lipolysis effect of circulating catecholamine.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with mild aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. We collected arterial blood samples immediately after admission and 30 days later to measure the levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Result: At the onset of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, the plasma ketone body (3-hydroxybutyrate + acetoacetate) level and the epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly elevated, but the arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate) was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. There was a negative correlation between the plasma ketone body level and the arterial ketone body ratio. There was a positive correlation between the plasma ketone body level and epinephrine level. Thirty days after admission, the ketone body, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, as well as the arterial ketone body ratio, showed no significant differences between the patients and controls.

Conclusion: At the onset of mild aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, the plasma ketone body level was significantly increased, while the arterial ketone body ratio was significantly decreased.