全自动同步换血术治疗重症新生儿溶血病27例临床分析

目的探讨全自动同步换血术在新生儿溶血病治疗中的作用。方法对27例达换血标准的新生儿溶血病患儿采用以外周动静脉作为输入、输出途径,用两部输液泵建立全自动双管末梢血管同步换血,换血前后检测患儿各项胆红素水平及血压、电解质、血糖水平。结果换血前后血清总胆红素、结合胆红素、非结合胆红素下降水平差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。血糖及血红蛋白水平在换血后升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;而血压、血钙水平在换血前后差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。27例患儿黄疸完全消退,最早为换血后2d,最迟13d,平均6d。结论全自动同步换血术可迅速降低胆红素水平,治疗新生儿溶血病的效果显著,无明显并发症;相对于传统换血术可减少感染机会,对血压影响小,适宜临床推广应用。     

不同静息心率的原发性高血压患者自主神经昼夜平衡变化规律

目的 探讨不同静息心率(resting heart rate,RHR)的原发性高血压患者自主神经昼夜平衡变化规律。 方法 选取2013年起就诊同济医学院附属武汉市第一医院门诊及住院的的原发性高血压患者314例。不同静息心率原发性高血压患者昼夜交感指标极低频值(VLF),低频值(LF)、迷走神经张力指标高频值(HF )以及交感迷走神经动态平衡指标低频与高频成分之比(LF/HF)均值水平。交感、迷走神经张力指标与昼夜静息心率的相关性分析。昼夜静息心率的交感、迷走神经张力影响因素分析采用单因素和多因素线性回归分析。结果 与RHR-L同时间段相比,VLF、LF、HF值较低［(731.77±1106.33;851.68±901.16)ms₂比(1476.01±1936.17)ms₂,P<0.05;(140.03±185.39;296.80±562.64)ms₂比(471.13±776.36)ms₂,P<0.05;(54.28±82.66;157.10±337.13)ms₂比(323.62±549.14)ms₂,P<0.01］,LF/HF值较高［(4.09±3.69)比(2.65±2.80),P<0.05］。与RHR-M同时间段相比,VLF、HF值较低［(731.77±1106.33)ms₂比(851.68±901.16)ms₂,P<0.05;(54.28±82.66)ms₂比(157.10±337.13)ms₂,P<0.05］,LF/HF值较高［(4.09±3.69)ms₂比(3.21±2.72)ms₂,P<0.05］。Spearman相关分析结果显示,昼间静息心率与VLF、LF、HF均呈负相关(r₂=0.103,P<0.05;r₂=0.082,P<0.05;r₂=0.191,P<0.05);与LF/HF呈正相关(r₂=0.0864,P<0.05)。夜间静息心率与VLF、LF、HF呈负相关(r₂=0.119,P<0.05;r₂=0.127,P<0.05;r₂=0.198,P<0.05);与LF/HF呈正相关(r₂=0.00723,P>0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现昼间VLF、HF、LF/HF是静息心率变化的影响因素(B=-0.001,P<0.01;B=-0.007,P<0.05;B=0.861,P<0.01);夜间VLF、LF、LF/HF是静息心率变化的影响因素(B=-0.001,P<0.05;B=-0.003,P<0.05;B=0.447,P<0.05)。结论 交感神经张力和迷走神经张力的差值与昼夜静息心率呈正相关。昼间迷走神经张力占主要影响,而夜间交感神经张力起主要作用。     

开封市学龄前儿童屈光异常及其影响因素调查分析

目的 探讨开封市学龄前儿童屈光异常情况及其影响因素,为指导儿童眼保健提供依据. 方法 采取整群随机抽样方法抽取25所幼儿园7 862例3～6岁儿童进行屈光度筛查,屈光异常者进一步检查诊治;同时以问卷形式进行屈光异常影响因素调查分析. 结果 （1）屈光异常者中共散瞳验光1 733例,确诊弱视81.3％.弱视屈光类型远视、近视、混合散光分别为75.9％、5.2％、18.9％.3年变化趋势为,远视成分逐年降低,近视有所增加,尤其混合散光所占比例明显增加.（2）影响屈光异常有母亲孕期的烟酒接触史、胎龄、窒息史及出生体重、家族史、父母眼保健知识及收入状况、视电子视频产品及户外活动的时间和开夜灯睡眠. 结论 加强婚前遗传咨询,重视围产期保健,减少出生缺陷,培养孩子良好的用眼习惯,定期对学龄前儿童进行视力和屈光筛查,早期采取防治措施,对指导儿童眼保健,降低儿童眼病的发生率起重要作用.     

野战（应急）快速检验系统与常规实验室生化分析仪结果比对分析

目的：对倍肯野战（应急）快速检验系统A型中的电解质、生化分析模块的结果与常规生化分析仪所测定结果进行比较,分析两者之间的差异。方法：利用倍肯野战（应急）快速检验系统A型的电解质分析模块（IMARA）、生化分析模块（SP4430）与日本OLYMPUSAU5421全自动生化分析仪、BH5500S微量元素原子吸收光谱检测仪对200例标本K＋、Na＋、iCa2＋、GLU、CREA、UA、ALT、ALB、TBIL、LDH、AMS进行平行测定,并对检测结果分别进行比较分析。结果：分析表明不同仪器所测K＋、Na＋、iCa2＋、GLU、UA、ALB的结果差异无统计学意义,而CREA、ALT、TBIL、LDH和AMS所测结果其差异有统计学意义（t=114．247,t=64．229,t=37．568,t=27．708,t=66．841;P〈0．01）。所有11项检测结果的相关性系数均〉0．90。结论：倍肯野战（应急）快速检验系统A型中的电解质、生化分析模块与常规实验室生化分析仪检测结果相关性良好,由于检测方法不同,部分结果差异较大,但仍然具有可比性。     

Kernel learning at the first level of inference

Kernel learning methods, whether Bayesian or frequentist, typically involve multiple levels of inference, with the coefficients of the kernel expansion being determined at the first level and the kernel and regularisation parameters carefully tuned at the second level, a process known as model selection. Model selection for kernel machines is commonly performed via optimisation of a suitable model selection criterion, often based on cross-validation or theoretical performance bounds. However, if there are a large number of kernel parameters, as for instance in the case of automatic relevance determination (ARD), there is a substantial risk of over-fitting the model selection criterion, resulting in poor generalisation performance. In this paper we investigate the possibility of learning the kernel, for the Least-Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) classifier, at the first level of inference, i.e. parameter optimisation. The kernel parameters and the coefficients of the kernel expansion are jointly optimised at the first level of inference, minimising a training criterion with an additional regularisation term acting on the kernel parameters. The key advantage of this approach is that the values of only two regularisation parameters need be determined in model selection, substantially alleviating the problem of over-fitting the model selection criterion. The benefits of this approach are demonstrated using a suite of synthetic and real-world binary classification benchmark problems, where kernel learning at the first level of inference is shown to be statistically superior to the conventional approach, improves on our previous work (Cawley and Talbot, 2007) and is competitive with Multiple Kernel Learning approaches, but with reduced computational expense.     

中药配方颗粒自动调配系统调剂操作规程的标准化研究

探索建立完善的中药配方颗粒自动化调配系统调剂操作流程,使其规范化、标准化、自动化调配准确性高,以防差错和纠纷的发生。通过反复调剂操作,结合实际工作,将其在工作中发现的问题和突发情形进行归纳总结,并将实际经验制定成中药配方颗粒自动调配系统调剂操作规程。完善的操作流程,可保证药物颗粒的稳定性,有效杜绝颗粒先后应用顺序不一的情况;发现问题及时,纠正快。操作流程规范,方法得当,调配准确,避免差错。     

Identification of Sleep Apnea Severity Based on Deep Learning from a Short-term Normal ECG

BackgroundThis paper proposes a novel method for automatically identifying sleep apnea (SA) severity based on deep learning from a short-term normal electrocardiography (ECG) signal.MethodsA convolutional neural network (CNN) was used as an identification model and implemented using a one-dimensional convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layer. An optimal architecture is incorporated into the CNN model for the precise identification of SA severity. A total of 144 subjects were studied. The nocturnal single-lead ECG signal was collected, and the short-term normal ECG was extracted from them. The short-term normal ECG was segmented for a duration of 30 seconds and divided into two datasets for training and evaluation. The training set consists of 82,952 segments (66,360 training set, 16,592 validation set) from 117 subjects, while the test set has 20,738 segments from 27 subjects.ResultsF1-score of 98.0% was obtained from the test set. Mild and moderate SA can be identified with an accuracy of 99.0%.ConclusionThe results showed the possibility of automatically identifying SA severity based on a short-term normal ECG signal.     

Sysmex XT-1800i全自动血细胞分析仪的性能评价

目的通过实验对XT-1800i全自动血细胞分析仪进行性能评价。方法用经EDTA-K2抗凝真空采血管采集的静脉血高、中、低值标本,参考国际血液标准化委员会(ICSH)的有关规定用XT-1800i对准确度、精确度、携带污染率等参数线性变化进行综合评定。结果全血样品的红细胞、血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板、红细胞压积等主要参数的CV值在仪器标定的范围内。结论XT-1800i全自动血液分析仪具有较高的性能,可以对临床分析做出快速准确的报告。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片和盐酸吗啡片滴定治疗癌痛患者的有效性和安全性

目的分析盐酸羟考酮缓释片和盐酸吗啡片滴定治疗癌痛患者的有效性和安全性。方法选择2017年1月至2018年1月我科的64例癌痛患者为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为单药治疗组和联合治疗组,各32例。给予单药治疗组单用盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗,给予联合治疗组盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合盐酸吗啡片滴定治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、后ECOG-PS评分、KPS评分、SF-MPQ评分、ES评分以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,两组患者的ECOG-PS、SF-MPQ及ES评分均较治疗前降低,KPS评分均较治疗前升高,且联合治疗组均优于单药治疗组(P<0.05)。联合治疗组的恶心、呕吐、口干、便秘、厌食、头晕、嗜睡乏力、皮肤过敏、尿潴留发生率均明显低于单药治疗组(P<0.05)。结论相比单用盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗,应用盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合盐酸吗啡片滴定治疗能够明显缓解癌痛症状,且不良反应发生率较低,值得临床推广应用。