自体骨块移植和Bio-Oss骨粉在上前牙区骨量不足种植术中的应用

目的探讨下颌第三磨牙区取骨用于上前牙区骨量不足种植术的方法。方法对于拟行上前牙种植,但骨量不足并有第三磨牙的患者,利用种植机截取合适的骨块,采用Bio-Oss和骨块移植,表面覆盖Bio-Gide胶原膜,同期或Ⅱ期植入种植体。结果所有种植体结合良好,6-8个月烤瓷牙修复,形态和功能良好,患者满意。结论上前牙牙槽骨不足可以运用此方法修复。     

前交叉韧带移植后超微结构变化

目的探讨自体骨-前交叉韧带(ACL)-骨、同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植的形态学、组织学及超微结构的变化特点. 方法将日本大耳白兔和新西兰兔各60只随机分成自体骨-ACL-骨移植组和二步冷冻保存同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植组,每组分别有两种兔各30只,对照组为自体正常侧ACL.术中及术后均不使用免疫抑制剂.术后4、12周分别切取ACL作大体、组织学和电镜检测. 结果自体移植组重塑型速率要快于二步冷冻保存同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植组.4周时自体移植组和冷冻异体移植组前交叉韧带的胶原纤维中大直径纤维(≥80 nm)分别为6%、24%,小直径纤维(＜80 nm)分别为94%、76%.12周时前交叉韧带的胶原纤维中大直径纤维(≥80 nm)分别为0%、2%,小直径纤维(＜80 nm)分别为100%、98%,电镜下可见自体、冷冻异体移植组重塑过程均相似.光镜下两者有相似的组织学愈合过程. 结论自体骨-ACL-骨移植和二步冷冻保存同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植,具有相似重塑型过程和组织学愈合过程,自体移植组重塑形速率要快于二步冷冻保存同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植组.     

局部自体骨移植在峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症中的应用

目的观察局部自体骨移植治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症（Adult isthmic spondylolisthesis,AIS）的临床疗效。方法41例无明显骨质疏松的AIS患者,采用术中切除的滑脱椎棘突、椎板、关节突行椎间支撑植骨融合及非万向椎弓根螺钉系统固定,随访观察该组患者临床疗效。结果41例患者均采用四钉二棒的非万向螺钉系统行单节段融合（L3,42例,L4,523例,L5S116例）;合并滑脱椎相邻节段椎间盘突出、椎间不稳定及椎管狭窄需行开窗减压神经根探查者均不予固定融合7例;手术时间2.5～3.5小时,出血量200～800ml,平均出血量320ml;术中置钉时发生钉道破裂3次,发生硬膜囊破裂3例,神经根袖破裂2例;33例随访3月至4年,平均2.3年,腰背痛明显减轻28例,腿痛减轻或消失16例,残余肢体麻木3例,足背伸肌力Ⅲ～Ⅳ级2例,腰椎疾患日本骨科学会（JOA）评分由术前（13.3±4.0）分恢复到末次随访时（26.6±3.3）分;X射线片示椎间植骨融合良好29例;滑脱复位有部分丢失3例,植骨块脱出于椎体后缘1例,钉棒系统断裂1例。结论局部自体骨移植结合非万向椎弓根螺钉系统牢固固定,取材和植入方便,来源丰富,是AIS患者椎间融合方法之一。     

碱性烧伤后眼表异常的角膜缘移植术治疗

目的 评价对碱性化学烧伤眼表异常早期施行自体角膜缘上皮移植的必要性.方法 对21例碱烧伤,切除受体眼缺血较严重的角膜缘结膜和浅表的新生血管膜,约5mm×12mm,包括0.5mm宽的透明角膜及4～5 mm宽的结膜组织,取供体4～8点方位约5mm×12mm角膜缘上皮植片,包括0.5 mm的透明角膜及4～5 mm的结膜,移入植床对位缝合.结果 角膜上皮愈合时间明显缩短,植片区新生血管稀少或缺乏,视力均有不同程度的提高,未见植片脱落、溶解、收缩、粘连或排斥反应.结论 碱性化学伤后眼表面施行早期自体角膜缘移植手术是非常必要的.手术时机以伤后4周左右或角膜缘血液循环恢复时为宜.     

保存人羊膜和自体角膜缘移植术治疗复发性翼状胬肉临床观察

目的观察保存人羊膜和自体角膜缘移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉的手术效果。方法选择甘油保存的人羊膜,采用人羊膜和自体角膜缘移植术治疗复发性翼状胬肉76例(87只眼),术后随访1～3年．观察手术效果及复发率。结果治愈84只眼,复发3只眼,复发率3．4％,其中37只眼(42．5％)视力较术前提高。结论保存人羊膜和自体角膜缘移植术对阻止翼状胬肉的复发有较好疗效。     

翼状胬肉显微切除联合丝裂霉素C加自体带角膜缘上皮结膜移植术观察

目的 探讨翼状胬肉显微手术方法,观察翼状胬肉切除联合应用丝裂霉素C(MMC)加自体带角膜缘上皮的结膜移植术治疗翼状胬肉的疗效。方法 对1251例1326只眼,在手术显微镜下剖切分离球结膜与病变组织,切除胬肉并做广泛的变性球筋膜切除,在结膜下放置0.2 mg/ml的MMC棉片,彻底冲洗后将同侧眼颞上方带有角膜缘上皮的结膜瓣移植到胬肉处的巩膜上。术后随访12～72月,平均27.5月,观察复发情况。结果 术后反应轻,移植片存活,37只眼复发,复发率为2.79％。结论 翼状胬肉显微手术切除联合应用丝裂霉素C加自体带角膜缘上皮的结膜移植术,术后复发率低,是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction best practice: A review of graft choice

There is much literature about differing grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Much of this is of poor quality and of a low evidence base. We review and summarise the literature looking at the four main classes of grafts used in ACL reconstruction; bone-patella tendon-bone, hamstrings, allograft and synthetic grafts. Each graft has the evidence for its use reviewed and then compared, where possible, to the others. We conclude that although there is no clear “best” graft, there are clear differences between the differing graft choices. Surgeon’s need to be aware of the evidence behind these differences, in order to have appropriate discussions with their patients, so as to come to an informed choice of graft type to best suit each individual patient and their requirements.     

Patellar tendon repair with hamstring autograft: A cadaveric analysis

Background

Rupture of the patellar tendon requires surgical repair to restore function of the knee. The most accepted repair technique utilizes running locking non-absorbable sutures secured to the patella through three drill holes. Complications with this repair technique include rerupture, knee stiffness, and extensor lag caused by gap formation at the site of repair. Some surgeons have suggested augmenting the standard repair with local autograft tendon to avoid these complications. It was hypothesized that using a repair technique that included augmentation of the repair with autograft tendons would decrease the gap formation at the repair site under cyclic loading conditions.

Methods

In this experiment, eight specimens were used to analyze two methods of patellar tendon repair: hamstrings autograft augmentation and a standard repair using three vertical bone tunnels in the patella. Each specimen was then extended with a 2.2 kg weight on the tibia at 0.25 Hz to simulate early motion after surgery. The gap formed at the repair site was then measured at 1, 10, 100, and 250 cycles and both techniques confidence interval compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Findings

The mean gap formation for the standard repair after one cycle was 8.9 mm (SD 2.4) and for the augmented repair was 3.6 mm (SD 0.9). At 250 cycles the mean gap formed for the standard repair was 13.2 mm (SD 1.9) and the mean gap for the augmented repair was 7.2 mm (SD 0.9). All gaps for all cycles analyzed had an 88% confidence interval for significance using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Interpretation

The biomechanical results of this study show statistical trend toward decrease gap formation with an augmented tendon at the repair site under a simulated dynamic knee motion.     

自体腘绳肌腱与部分腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧带疗效比较

目的比较采用自体腘绳肌腱（HT）与部分腓骨长肌腱（PLT）进行前交叉韧带（ACL）单束重建的疗效。方法选取采用HT与部分PLT进行ACL重建手术的患者127例,根据移植物不同,分为HT组79例和部分PLT组48例。术前及术后6、12个月门诊复诊时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评估患者疼痛情况,采用Lysholm评分和Tegner评分评估患者膝关节运动功能,并测量膝关节活动度,进行组间比较。结果两组患者术后6、12个月VAS评分均明显低于术前,Lysholm评分和Tegner评分均明显高于术前,膝关节活动度均较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。术后6个月部分PLT组Lysholm评分优于HT组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;其余各指标不同时点两组的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论采用部分PLT重建ACL疗效较为确切,术后患者疼痛状况、膝关节功能及活动度改善情况与临床常用的自体HT相仿,是值得尝试的一种ACL重建移植物。