激光心肌血管重建术围手术期及术后早期心血管活性肽的变化

Objective: To investigate the changes of cardiovascular active peptides duringperioperation and early stage after transmyocardial laser-revascularization (TMLR). Methods: Tooperate on the chest, make 13 -- 27 channels with COZ laser (home-made machine ) on the anterior,lateral and latter parts of left ventricular wall of the heart in six patients with coronary heart diseasewho could not be treated by PTCA and CABG. The contents of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) .brainnatriuretic peptide(BNP)' adrenomedullin (Adm) and endothelin (ET) in pericardial fluid and bloodplasma were determined by immunoradioassay. Results: COmpared with healthy controls, the plasmalevels of ANP. BNP. Adm and ET in patients before TMLR were 11. 0 \ 22. 9. 3. 1 and 1. 3 timeshigher(p < 0. 01 ), respectively. After TMLR the contents of these four peptides in patient plasmareduced gradually. Four weeks after operation, they were 61. 0 % .58. 6 % .63. 4 % and 55. 3 % lower, respectively, than those before TMLR (P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion: TMLR apparently improved thecardiovascular endocrine function of patients with severe heart failure.     

经食管超声心动图评估房颤栓塞危险性的临床研究

目的： 评价经食管超声心动图（ＴＥＥ） 在区分心房颤动（ 房颤） 栓塞高危人群中的应用价值。方法：８６例持续性房颤患者同时接受常规经胸超声心动图（ＴＴＥ） 和ＴＥＥ 检查,根据ＴＥＥ 探测到心房血栓的例数分为血栓阳性组和血栓阴性组,分别纪录以下各项指标：左房自发性超声对比现象（ＬＡＳＥＣ） 、左心耳（ＬＡＡ） 血流排空速率、ＬＡＡ 面积、左房内径、左室收缩功能参数、二尖瓣返流（ ＭＲ） 程度。结果：８６ 例中经ＴＥＥ 探测到２２ 例存在左房和／或左心耳血栓,而ＴＴＥ 仅探测到５ 人存在左房血栓（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０００１） 。对血栓阳性和阴性组各项测值指标进行对比显示,ＬＡＳＥＣ 严重程度、ＬＡＡ 血流速率降低和ＬＡＡ 面积扩大在两组间存在极显著差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０００１ 和０００１） 。ＬＡＡ面积扩大与ＬＡＳＥＣ 严重程度及ＬＡＡ 速率降低密切相关。结论： ＴＥＥ 探测心房血栓具有显著优势,并可测定与血栓形成密切相关的因素,在区分房颤栓塞高危人群方面具有重要价值     

单导管射频消融治疗频发房颤的预激综合征

采用单导管射频消融法治疗１２ 例预激综合征（ Ｗ Ｐ Ｗ） 。１２ 例中８ 例有反复快速性房颤史,３ 例须用同步直流电复律,１ 例伴有晕厥。旁路分别为左侧８ 条,右后间隔２ 条,右后侧及右前间隔各１ 条,右侧者有１ 例并存１ 条左侧隐匿旁路。全部旁路一次消融成功。术中未诱发房颤。随访５ ～１７ 月未见复发。     

Ventricular fibrillation related to reversal of the neuromuscular blockade in a patient with long QT syndrome

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with syncopal attacks or even sudden death at a young age due to ventricular fibrillation. We report a patient with an undiagnosed LQTS who had an episode of cardiac arrest during the final part of general anesthesia, immediately after the drugs for reversal of the neuromuscular blockade were given. We suggest that the administration of glycopyrronium might have been the provoking factor in this patient.     

Spike conduction properties of T-shaped C neurons in the rabbit nodose ganglion

Noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II (A II) were infused intravenously in conscious dogs without (series I) and with (series II) additional infusions of sodium nitroprusside at doses re-establishing normal levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP). In series I, NA infusion (1.6 g/min per kg for 30 min) initially elevated MAP by some 25 mm Hg and lowered heart rate by some 30 beats/min. Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) remained constant, while those of A II and atrial natriuretic factor were slightly, but significantly, increased. Infusion of A II (10 or 20 ng/min per kg for 30 min) induced similar rises in MAP and slight reductions of heart rate and increased plasma AVP by 70% and atrial natriuretic factor by 60%. In series II, sodium nitroprusside (1–4 g/min per kg) was added for 30 min to infusions of NE (1.6 g/min per kg) and A II (20 ng/min per kg) in order to maintain MAP at its control level. This resulted in an 11-fold increase in plasma AVP during NA infusion and a 19-fold increase during A II infusion. Infusing sodium nitroprusside (4 g/min per kg) alone lowered MAP to clearly hypotensive levels, but the resulting rises in plasma AVP were less than, rather than equal to, those seen at normotensive MAP levels during the combined infusions of sodium nitroprusside with A II or NA, respectively. It is concluded that both NA and A II exert strong stimulatory actions on AVP release which are, however, counteracted by inhibitory influences arising from the hypertensive effects of NA and A II.     

Diagnosis of cardiac thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation in the absence of macroscopically visible thrombi

Summary Cardiac thrombosis due to atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognized as the most common cause of cerebral embolism. However, sometimes no macroscopic thrombus is found at autopsy in the heart of a victim of this type of cerebral embolism. We investigated morphological changes in the left atrial endocardium of 31 patients (including 21 cases with AF) who had died of cerebral embolism. Rough endocardium (RE) seen macroscopically provided evidence for the existence of atrial thrombosis. The RE that appeared in AF cases was due to a granular and wrinkled appearance of the endocardium associated with oedematous and fibrous thickening. Fibrin-thread deposits were also always distinguishable. Mural thrombi and oedema with neutrophil infiltration in the subendocardium could be seen under the microscope. Small areas of endothelial denudation and thrombotic aggregations were commonly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These SEM lesions were significantly more frequent in cases with AF than in controls (P< 0.001). The diagnostic success rate for atrial thrombosis among cases with AF increased from 33.3% to 81% when thrombi proven by histological investigation of the areas with RE were added. Left atrial RE may be an anatomically relevant finding for the existence of atrial thrombosis with AF, when the thrombosis cannot be detected upon gross observation at autopsy.     

Left atrial thrombi in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation: assessment of prevalence by transesophageal echocardiography

To determine the prevalence of left atrial thrombus in hospitalized patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation, 48 patients were consecutively studied with single-plane transesophageal echocardiography. There were 23 males (48%) and 25 females (52%). The mean age was 66±11 years (range 43–87). Thrombus was detected in 13 patients (27%) 11 were confined to the left atrial appendage, 1 to the atrial body and appendage, and 1 to the left upper pulmonary vein. Prevalence of atrial thrombus was not different among those patients with or without previous stroke [4/16 (25%) vs 9/32 (28%), p=NS] or between patients > 65 years and patients 65 years old (p=NS). Atrial thrombus was detected more frequently in patients with reduced left ventricular global systolic function than in those with normal function [7/14 (50%) vs 6/34 (17%), p<0.05]. In patients with spontaneous contrast echoes in the left atrium, thrombi were visualized more often than in those without spontaneous echoes [10/24 (41%) vs 3/24 (12%), p<0.05]. The finding of the atrial spontaneous contrast echoes was more frequent among patients with reduced left ventricular global systolic function [11/14 (78%) vs 13/34 (37%), p<0.02].We conclude that in hospitalized patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation the prevalence of left atrial thrombus is high. Reduced left ventricular global systolic function identifies a subset of patients at high risk for formation of thrombus in the left atrium.     

Growth rate of primary left atrial myxoma

We describe the growth of a primary left atrial myxoma overa period of approximately 27 months, review the literature onthe growth rate of primary myxoma and discuss the value of echocardiographycompared to CT scan and MRI in the diagnosis of intracardiactumuors.     

Influence of acid-base alterations on myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines

Summary The influence of respiratory and metabolic acid-base alterations on the myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines was studied in the isolated rat atria. The ability of noradrenaline for increasing the atrial rate was enhanced during alkalosis and conversely, it was decreased by acidosis. These changes in sensitivity shifted the concentration-effect curve for noradrenaline to the right by about 0.5 log unit when the pH was lowered from 7.60 to 7.00. No changes in the maximum attainable response were detected. Essentially the same shifts of the concentration-effect curves were obtained with changes in pH brought about by altering the pCO₂ or at constant pCO₂. The decrease in the pH produced a similar shift to the right of the concentration-effect curve for isoprenaline, after the extraneuronal uptake inhibition by hydrocortisone and also in atria tissue with low content of endogenous noradrenaline (reserpine-pretreated and newborn rats). The ability of isoprenaline for increasing cyclic AMP levels in atrial tissue was also enhanced by alkalosis and decreased by acidosis. However, the shift to the right of the concentration-effect curve for cyclic AMP induced by the decrease in the pH was greater than the shift detected in the chronotropic-effect curve. In addition a decrease in the maximum increment of cyclic AMP was detected under acidosis, in spite of equal maximal chronotropic response.Our results support the hypothesis that the alterations in the sensitivity to catecholamines induced by the changes in pH are not due to a release of endogenous noradrenaline nor to alterations of the mechanisms which remove catecholamines from the biophase. The fact that cyclic AMP response to catecholamines was also reduced by acidosis strongly suggests that the mechanism(s) involved is located in the earlier steps of the events leading to the chronotropic effect of the -agonists.     

Human pharmacokinetics of an analogue of atrial natriuretic factor

Summary The pharmacokinetics of ANP-270, a 26 amino acid analogue of alpha human natriuretic factor (-hANF) with a prolonged effect on isolated arterial preparations has been studied in 40 healthy males, in a doubleblind placebo controlled investigation. Placebo or ANP-270 0.3, 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg were given by intravenous bolus injection, each to groups of 10 subjects. Blood samples were assayed for ANP-270 by a specific sandwich ELISA.The disappearance of ANP-270 from plasma followed a two-compartment decay, with mean distribution and elimination half-lives of 2.6 min (n = 30) and 10.6 min (n=20), respectively. These estimates were similar to those obtained by other investigators for -hANF. Their brevity explains the lack of a prolonged effect of ANP-270 in vivo compared to -hANF.