安徽省高校大学生运动员疲劳性骨膜炎的流行病学调查

疲劳性骨膜炎又称应力性骨膜炎,是一种过度使用性损伤,在运动员和体育运动参加者中非常多见.疲劳性骨膜炎是骨的反应性炎症,在急性炎症阶段如能调整运动量,并给予适当治疗就可使炎症消退,组织修复,从而由不适应转化为新的适应,并可使负荷能力提高,否则有可能使病情进一步发展,甚至产生疲劳性骨折[1].     

The effects of repetitive head impacts on postural control: A systematic review

ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to investigate the association between repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure and postural control.DesignSystematic review.MethodsPubMed, Embase and PsycInfo were searched using a self-developed search term including the keywords balance OR postural control AND repetitive OR sub-concussive head impacts. Twenty-one studies excluding non-peer reviewed studies, secondary studies, cross-sectional studies, animal studies, and studies investigating concussion were included for further analyses. We rated Level of Evidence and quality using the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine tool, the Quality Assessment for the Systematic Review of Effectiveness, and the Sub-concussion Specific Tool.ResultsAll included studies were grouped into Category I and II studies. Category I included trials investigating the effects of controlled soccer heading on postural control (n = 8) and Category II studies were cohort studies investigating on-the-field changes between preseason and postseason assessments on postural control measures (n = 13). Findings were heterogeneous, with a tendency towards no effects of RHI on clinical postural control measures. Most laboratory studies in Category I used instrumented assessments whereas on-the-field studies in Category II used both instrumented and non-instrumented assessments.ConclusionsDue to heterogeneous findings, future studies aiming to investigate the effects of RHI on different athlete populations are needed on other participant cohorts. Furthermore, the combination of objective clinical balance measures may be a promising approach to accurately measure how, and to what degree, postural control may be affected by RHI.     

Active control stabilization of pelvic position in the transverse plane: An evaluation of soccer players' performance

ObjectivesTo describe the capability of soccer players to stabilize pelvic position actively in the transverse plane; and, to evaluate the influence of lower limb dominance, length of exposure to soccer practice, and field position on pelvic stabilization capability.DesignCross-sectional.ParticipantsSixty-eight soccer players from under-15 (U-15) and professional categories.Main outcome measuresMagnitude and asymmetry of pelvic tilt in the transverse plane, evaluated using the bridge test with unilateral knee extension.ResultsThe magnitude of pelvic tilt did not differ between dominant and non-dominant sides, suggesting absence of relative asymmetry. However, there was difference between the sides of greater and lesser magnitude of pelvic tilt, indicating presence of absolute asymmetry. Players with shorter length of exposure to soccer practice (U-15 group) had greater pelvic tilt than players with longer length of exposure (professional group). There was no association of field position with the magnitude and asymmetry of pelvic tilt.ConclusionSoccer players showed asymmetry in pelvic stabilization capability that was unrelated to lower limb dominance or field position. Athletes with longer length of exposure to soccer practice present better capability to stabilize the pelvis in the transverse plane than those with shorter length of exposure to soccer practice.     

Enhanced pain modulation among triathletes: A possible explanation for their exceptional capabilities

Triathletes and ironman triathletes engage in an extremely intense sport that involves hours of considerable pain, as well as physical and psychological stress, every day. The basic pain modulation properties of these athletes has not been established and therefore it is not clear whether they present with unique features that enable them to engage in such efforts. The aim was to investigate the existence of possible alterations in pain perception and modulation of triathletes, as well as possible underlying factors. Participants were 19 triathletes and 17 non-athletes who underwent measurement of pain threshold, pain tolerance, suprathreshold perceived pain intensity, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Participants also completed the fear of pain and the pain catastrophizing questionnaires, and rated the amount of perceived stress. Triathletes exhibited higher pain tolerance (P < .0001), lower pain ratings (P < .001), and lower fear of pain values (P < .05) than controls. The magnitude of CPM was significantly greater in triathletes (P < .05), and negatively correlated with fear of pain (P < .05) and with perceived mental stress during training and competition (P < .05). The results suggest that triathletes exhibit greater pain tolerance and more efficient pain modulation than controls, which may underlie their perseverance in extreme physical efforts and pain during training/competitions. This capability may be enhanced or mediated by psychological factors, enabling better coping with fear of pain and mental stress.     

Potential role of an athlete-focused echocardiogram in sports eligibility

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) of an athlete is a rare but tragic event and sport activity might play a trigger role in athletes with underlying structural or electrical heart diseases. Preparticipation screenings (PPs) have been conceived for the potential to prevent SCD in young athletes by early identification of cardiac diseases. The European Society of Cardiology protocol for PPs includes history collection, physical examination and baseline electrocardiogram, while further examinations are reserved to individuals with abnormalities at first-line evaluation. Nevertheless, transthoracic echocardiography has been hypothesized to have a primary role in the PPs. This review aims to describe how to approach an athlete-focused echocardiogram, highlighting what is crucial to focus on for the different diseases (cardiomyopathies, valvulopathies, congenital heart disease, myocarditis and pericarditis) and when is needed to pay attention to overlap diagnostic zone (“grey zone”) with the athlete's heart. Once properly tested, focused echocardiography by sports medicine physicians may become standard practice in larger screening practices, potentially available during first-line evaluation.     

Rapid chondrolysis after arthroscopic partial lateral meniscectomy in athletes: a case report

We present a patient with a severe chondrolysis after arthroscopic partial lateral meniscectomy in a 17-year-old high school basketball player. This is a rare but severe complication after arthroscopic partial lateral meniscectomy. At 7 months after the first operation, a second-look arthroscopy showed numerous cartilaginous debris floating in the knee and a high-grade cartilage damage on the lateral compartment of the tibia. This unexpected complication and a consideration of its etiology are shown.     

L''hémorhéologie permet-elle de comprendre le « paradoxe de l''hématocrite » lors de l’entraînement et du surentraînement ?Does hemorheology explain the paradox of hematocrit in training and overtraining?

Purpose. – Doping with EPO increases both hematocrit and performance. On the opposite, training reduces hematocrit due to plasma volume extension and overtraining both increases hematocrit and decreases performance. This apparent paradox seems to be explained by a new concept proposed interpreting the interactions between viscosity factors and blood flow.Facts. – Viscosity factors exert a non linear “all or none” effect that can be described according to the “ percolation theory”. Blood viscosity has no hemodynamic relevance by its own, but viscosity factors (hematocrit, red cell deformability and aggregability, plasma viscosity) can result according to flow conditions in self-potentiating phenomena of quick transition between a state of high fluidity and a state of red cell aggregate clumping. In muscle, this model predicts that: (a) during exercise the only viscosity factor that could influence flow is plasma viscosity; (b) at rest all viscosity factors (including high hematocrit) may induce a self-potentiating “viscidation” process.Conclusion. – According to these concepts, supraphysiologic hematocrit values are probably unable to disturb muscular perfusion at exercise, but are likely to promote self-potentiated stasis at rest and thus to increase the risk of thrombosis.     

Evaluation of immunoassays for the measurement of insulin and C-peptide as indirect biomarkers of insulin misuse in sport: Values in selected population of athletes

Insulin and C-peptide have been proposed as possible biomarkers of human insulin hormone misuse in sport. An extended intra- and inter-laboratory validation of commercially available immunoassays was performed.