银质针配合药物注射治疗运动员慢性软组织损伤的研究

目的探讨银质针配合药物注射治疗运动员慢性软组织损伤的临床疗效。方法100例患者随机分为两组,治疗组52例,对照组48例。治疗组采用银质针导热疗法,对照组采用毫针丛刺法,对两组病例的疗效进行比较。结果两组患者近期治疗效果及6个月后治疗效果比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论银质针配合药物注射治疗运动员慢性软组织损伤具有较好的远期疗效。     

Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine

This article reviews psychiatric/psychological issues in the athletic training room, including recognition of these issues and a framework for management. Because the majority of research has been conducted in college settings, most of the issues discussed are presented in the context of college sports, although the results generalize to other athletic arenas. Greater awareness of psychological issues, empirical research, and education about mental health issues in the sports medicine community are clearly needed.     

Illness perceptions and mood states are associated with injury-related outcomes in athletes

Background.?Athletes have to cope adequately with the consequences of their injury in order to return into sports as soon as possible. Besides the physical characteristics of the injury, illness perceptions and emotional responses impact the behavioural responses to the injury.

Purpose.?To apply Leventhal's Common Sense Model as a theoretical framework in the field of sports medicine, pertaining to injured athletes.

Methods.?In a sample of 95 injured athletes participating in different sports, sociodemographic, injury and sport-related characteristics, the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised-Sports (IPQ-R-S) and the Profile Of Mood States were assessed.

Results.?Injured athletes' most experienced symptoms were pain (82%) and loss of strength (50%), associated with a high controllability; they see their injury as not chronic, with minor consequences for daily life and minor emotional consequences. Athletes with an injury of longer duration have minor psychological attributions, 28% suffer from fatigue, which is strongly related to a negative mood state.

Conclusions.?Illness perceptions and mood states are related to injury characteristics. Clinicians ought to incorporate patients' views about their injuries into their treatment in order to increase the concordance between patient's and clinician's perceptions, thereby increasing chances of a quick and uneventful recovery.     

Life expectancy in Italian track and field athletes

Nine hundred eighty-three top Italian track and field athletes (700 males and 283 females) were examined for survival, mortality and causes of death for an average follow-up period of 18.6 years starting from their last year of competition as members of the national team. Overall mortality rates were compared to the rates expected on the basis of the life tables for Italian people of the same age, sex and time period. Thirty-four deaths were observed among males (vs 46.6 expected) with a O/E ratio of 0.73, while 3 deaths were observed among women (vs 6.2 expected) with a O/E ratio of 0.48. Neither of these differences was significant, but the O/E ratio for the group as a whole was quite significant (p = 0.0296). Some of the athletes demonstrated behavioural characteristics developed during their active careers that might have contributed to their low mortality rate.     

Serum creatine kinase activity following a 120-km march

Serum creatine kinase (SCK) was measured in 19 well-trained athletes before, immediately after and 24 and 72 h after a 120-km, non-stop march. The mean level before the march was 97.6 +/- 46.6 (SD), immediately after the march 1072.8 +/- 708 microns/l, and 72 h later 185.6 +/- 106.2 microns/l. It is concluded that elevated SCK levels may persist for 72 h after a long march.     

Community Health and Nutrition Screening for Special Olympics Athletes

Since 1961, Special Olympics has provided sports training and athletic competition for people with mental retardation. A recent addition to these Olympics has been the Healthy Athletes Program, designed to help the athletes improve their health and fitness, leading to enhanced sports experiences and well being. Original health services included dental and eye screening. In 2002, Special Olympics Delaware piloted a Wellness Park to add nutrition, blood pressure, and flexibility screening. Faculty from a university's health college trained discipline-specific students to conduct the screenings. Thirty nutrition and dietetics students measured height, weight, waist circumference, and calculated body mass index (BMI) for the athletes. Figures and risk-assessments were recorded on a health report card. Two hundred ten athletes attended the nutrition screening. Ages ranged from 8 to 63 years; 81 percent males and 19 percent females. According to BMI standards, 32 percent of the athletes were overweight; 17 percent were obese. Twenty-five percent of adult males and 73 percent of adult females had a high risk waist circumference. Athletes at high risk for obesity-related diseases were referred to their primary physician for follow up. Nutrition education handouts included a simplified Food Guide Pyramid, tips for healthy eating in restaurants, 5 A Day information, and healthful hydration guides. Approximately 1,250 athletes participate in Special Olympics Delaware each year, providing a great opportunity to do some much needed health screening and improve access to health care for this often neglected population.     

Serum enzyme variations in men during an exhaustive “square-wave” endurance exercise test

Summary The present study was designed to test if both the intensity and duration of the 45-min Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) would produce changes in serum enzyme activities. Nine men, four sedentary (S) and five athletes (A), performed max and SWEET, at their Maximal Intensity of Endurance (MIE₄₅) as defined by maximal heart rate and the impossibility of maintaining MIE 45+5% for 45 min. Arterial blood was sampled at rest (R), exercise (Ex) (45th min) and during recovery (15th min) for measurements of levels of Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Hct), pH and seven serum enzymes: Creatine kinase (CPK), Hexose-phosphate isomerase (PHI), Aldolase (ALD), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Aspartate amino-transferase (ASAT or GOT), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT or GPT). Five enzymes increased significantly during exercise (MIE₄₅), the % (Ex — R/R) increases were as follows: PHI (72%), MDH (28%), LDH (21%), CPK (17%), and GOT (13.5%), whilst only a 10% increase was observed for Hct and Hb and there was no significant change in the arterial pH. There was no correlation between the % of Hb, Hct, pH, and the results for the enzymes. Thus, it does not seem that haemoconcentration and arterial blood acidosis which occur during exercise are only at the origin of the observed increases in enzymes. A difference between sedentary and athletes subjects was found at rest and exercise (%=A–S/S) for CPK (R=222%; Ex=235%), GOT (R=90%; Ex=75%) and ALD (R=99%; Ex=54%). These results suggest that the MIE₄₅, by measured increases in enzymatic activity, seems to require great muscular effort.This investigation was in part supported by the European Economic Community (EEC), Luxembourg     

Leptin as a marker of training stress in highly trained male rowers?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentially important role leptin may play during training monitoring in athletes. Twelve highly trained male rowers underwent a 3-week period of maximally increased training stress followed by a 2-week tapering period. Fasting blood was sampled after a rest day. Subjects also performed a maximal 2000-m rowing ergometer test before and after 3 weeks of heavy training, and after 2 weeks of tapering. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and after 30 min of recovery. Leptin concentrations were measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay. Mean training time was about 100% higher during the heavy training period (17.5 h·week^–1) compared to the tapering period (8.9 h·week^–1). The 3-week heavy training period induced a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the fasting leptin concentration [from 2.5 (0.4) to 1.5 (0.4) ng·ml^–1]. Fasting plasma leptin was significantly increased by the end of the 2-week tapering period [2.0 (0.4) ng·ml^–1] but remained significantly lower compared to the pretraining value. Leptin levels were also significantly decreased only after the 2000-m rowing ergometer test performed at the end of the heavy training period. No differences in leptin concentrations were observed after other performance tests compared to their respective baseline values. In addition, fasting leptin concentration was significantly related to the weekly training time (r=–0.45; P=0.006). In conclusion, it appears that leptin is sensitive to the rapid and pronounced changes in training volume. A greater training time is associated with a lower leptin concentration in highly trained male rowers. It is suggested that it may be possible to direct typical rowing training by monitoring leptin status.