Human Parechovirus Infection,Denmark

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) often cause severe illness among young children. National surveillance with routine testing of all cerebrospinal fluid, fecal, and tissue samples was conducted during January 2009–December 2012 in all counties in Denmark (6,817 samples from 4,804 children were screened for HPeV). We detected HPeV RNA in 202 (3.0%) specimens from 149 persons. Young infants were at highest risk for HPeV, and 9 (6%) of the HPeV-infected children died, probably of their HPeV illness. HPeV3 was the most common genotype identified, and 5 closely related clades of HPeV3 circulated in Denmark throughout the study period. Our study adds perspective on the prevalence and clinical and molecular virologic characteristics of HPeV infection.     

Impact of polymerase chain reaction results on patient management during a viral meningitis outbreak in Tropical North Queensland

Objectives: Enterovirus is the most commonly isolated pathogen in viral meningitis. We report on the first outbreak of viral meningitis in Tropical Queensland and the effect of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results on antibiotic use and hospital length of stay. Methods: Retrospective case series of consecutive patients presenting to the Townsville ED with viral meningitis were evaluated by examining hospital medical records. The study period was November 2008 to February 2009. Results: Forty‐three patients were available for full analysis of which 17 (40%) were female and 17 (40%) had a positive enteroviral PCR. Antibiotics were commenced on 37 (86%) of patients. There was no difference in hospital length of stay in patients with a negative versus positive PCR (2.52 vs 2.72 days, P = 0.68) or duration of antibiotic therapy (2.20 vs 1.94 days, P = 0.61). Conclusion: In our study a positive result on PCR was not associated with a shorter hospital length of stay or a shorter duration of antibiotic therapy. This contrasts with previous reports on this topic and requires further evaluation.     

Adult K lebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in Qatar: clinical pattern of ten cases

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, underlying diseases, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcome of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis patients.MethodsThis retrospective study involved all patients with 15 years of age or older who admitted to Hamad General Hospital with culture proven Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012.ResultsA total of ten cases were identified (nine males and one female). Their mean age was (43.3±12.8) years. Eight patients (80%) had nosocomial meningitis with neurosurgery being the most frequent associated condition. Fever and altered consciousness were the most frequent symptom. Cerebrospinal fluid showed elevated protein and glucose levels. Gram stain showed Gram-negative rods in 50% of cases, while positive cerebrospinal fluid culture results were found in all patients. Multidrug resistance was observed in two cases, and all patients had received appropriate empirical and definitive antibiotic treatments. The mean duration of intravenous antimicrobial treatment was (19.3±7.0) d and all patients with external ventricular drains underwent removal of the device, while in-hospital mortality was 50%.ConclusionsThe number of cases was too small to come up with therapeutic and prognostic conclusions. Further large-scale prospective study is needed.     

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??Objective To compare pbp2b??ply and lytA genes PCR with cerebral spinal fluid culture in diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and prediction of its susceptibility. Methods A nested PCR targeting pbp2b and another two S.pneumoniae specific PCR targeting the genes of pneumolysin??ply?? and autolysin??lytA?? were developed for detection of S.pneumoniae in cerebral spinal fluid from bacterial meningitis patients. The three PCR results and culture were compared. The consistency of penicillin susceptibility PCR ??using resistant and susceptible primers respectively????sequencing and culture-based phenotypic penicillin resistant results were compared. Results Of the 161 specimens studied??there were 25 cases of S.pneumoniae infection confirmed by different methods??16 by pbp2b PCR??16 by lytA PCR??14 by ply PCR and 9 by cerebrospinal fluid culture??. Of the 16 pbp2b positive specimens??penicillin sensitive and resistant sequence types accounted for half??respectively. Four of the 16 pbp2b positive specimens had culture-based phenotypic penicillin-resistant result. Three of 4 were consistent with penicillin susceptibility PCR result. The results of susceptibility PCR targeting pbp2b was consistent with sequencing result. New sequence types were found but there were no new point mutations in these strains when compared with GenBank ??http??//blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi??. Penicillin resistance in pneumococcal meningitis was 66.67%??6/9?? by culture phenotype and 50%??8/16?? by PCR and sequencing when culture was negative. Conclusion Pbp2b can serve as a good target gene to detect S.pneumoniae and predict its penicillin susceptibility??which is especially important when culture is negative.     

儿童细菌性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎临床及实验室检查特点

目的研究儿童细菌性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎临床特点及血清基质蛋白金属酶-9(MMP-9)、降钙素原(PCT)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平,分析各指标对两者鉴别诊断价值。方法选取2017年10月-2019年10月郑州大学附属儿童医院细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患儿共80例,其中细菌性脑膜炎组49例,病毒性脑炎组31例,观察患儿症状,同时检测血清MMP-9、PCT、β2-MG和CRP水平并进行比较,作受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标对细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎鉴别诊断价值。结果细菌性脑膜炎组患儿意识障碍、囟门张力增加和肺炎发生率高于病毒性脑炎组,精神萎靡、嗜睡和皮疹发生率低于病毒性脑炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);细菌性脑膜炎组血清MMP-9、PCT、β2-MG和CRP水平高于病毒性脑炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);意识障碍、肺炎以及血清CRP和PCT水平对细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患儿鉴别诊断的敏感度分别为46.93%、46.93%、75.51%和83.67%,特异度分别为77.42%、80.65%、83.87%和90.32%,各指标联合诊断的曲线下面积为0.917,敏感度为91.84%,特异度为83.87%。结论细菌性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎患儿临床特点和血清MMP-9、PCT、β2-MG和CRP水平均存在明显差异,综合各项指标进行分析可为临床鉴别诊断提供参考信息。     

Méningite carcinomateuse : le point de vue de l’oncologue radiothérapeute

Carcinomatous meningitis complicates 5 to 10 % of cancers, essentially with breast cancers, lung cancers and melanomas. The incidence probably increased because of therapeutic advances in oncology. Treatment is based on external beam radiotherapy, systemic treatment, intrathecal chemotherapy and supportive care. The aim of this work was to review data on external radiation therapy and carcinomatous meningitis. There are few evidences on the subject, but it is a major topic of interest. A whole brain radiation therapy is indicated in case of brain metastases or clinical encephalitis. Focal radiation therapy is recommended on symptomatic, bulky or obstructive sites. The dose depends on performance status (20 to 40 Gy in five to 20 fractions), volume to treat and available techniques (classic fractionation or hypofractionation via stereotactic radiosurgery). The objective of radiation therapy is to improve quality of life. Association with systemic therapy improves overall survival. Administration of sequential intrathecal chemotherapy may also improve overall survival, but induces more toxicity. The use of new radiotherapy techniques and development of radiosensitizing molecules in patients with good performance status could improve survival in this frequent complication of cancer.     

Comparative study of CD4 and CD45RO T cells and CD20 B cells in cerebrospinal fluid of syphilitic meningitis and tuberculous meningitis patients

This study was to investigate the differences of lymphocyte in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with syphilis meningitis (SM) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) for new diagnostic insights. Totally, 79 cases of SM and 45 cases of TBM were enrolled. In the CSF, the CD4, CD45RO or CD20 positive lymphocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry. The proportion of CD4 T cells in the CSF lymphocytes in patients with SM was significantly higher than that in patients with TBM (p < 0.05). After medical therapy, there was a significantly decline trend of the CD4 T‐cell proportion in both groups (p < 0.05). The proportion of CD45RO T cells in CSF lymphocytes of patients with SM was less than that of patients with TBM (p < 0.05). After medical therapy, the positive ratio of CD45RO T cells was increased in the CSF of both group patients (p < 0.05). The proportion of CD20B cells in the CSF lymphocytes was not obviously different between the two groups during every stage. In conclusion, there are strong differences of CD4 and CD45RO T‐cell ratio, but not the CD20 B cells in the meningitis. CD4 and CD45RO T cells in CSF are a useful complement in differentially diagnosing SM and TBM; it contributes to further understand the pathogenesis and prognosis of SM and TBM.