艾滋病合并新型隐球菌脑膜炎临床分析

目的通过对25例艾滋病合并新型隐球菌脑膜炎的临床分析,提高对艾滋病合并新型隐球菌脑膜炎的认识。方法对本院2000年8月—2006年2月收治的25例艾滋病合并新型隐球菌脑膜炎病例进行回顾性分析。结果25例新型隐球菌脑膜炎患者均为艾滋病晚期患者,T细胞亚群检测11例:CD4<50/mm39例,CD450~100/mm32例;平均26.18/mm3。在确诊时已合并多种机会感染。结论艾滋病患者合并新型隐球菌脑膜炎病情重,预后差,实验室病原学检查结果是诊断新型隐球菌脑膜炎的主要依据。     

二代测序技术应用于脑脊液检测在结核性脑膜炎中的早期诊断价值

目的评价二代测序技术应用于脑脊液检测在结核性脑膜炎（TBM）患者中的早期诊断价值。 方法前瞻性纳入2018年2月2日至2018年8月2日于山东省胸科医院就诊的临床怀疑TBM的患者共50例,并跟踪随访其诊疗结局。送检脑脊液标本均进行二代测序,测序所得原始序列与病原微生物数据库进行对比得到最终结果。二代测序结果以检测到结核分枝杆菌复合群唯一比对序列为阳性,未检测到唯一比对序列为阴性。以符合脑脊液结核分枝杆菌培养阳性、涂片阳性、Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性及结核分枝杆菌核酸检测阳性等4项中至少1项即为确诊TBM患者;临床可疑TBM且抗结核治疗有效为临床诊断患者;有其他病原学依据或临床排除TBM者为非TBM患者。分析二代测序在TBM早期诊断中的敏感性和特异度。 结果确诊为TBM患者22例中Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性13例,培养阳性6例,结核分枝杆菌核酸PCR检测阳性5例,临床诊断为TBM患者12例,非TBM患者16例。在确诊及临床诊断患者中,二代测序技术检测到结核分枝杆菌复合群系列20例,敏感性为58.8%（20/34）,特异度为100%（16/16）。在确诊患者中,二代测序的敏感性为63.6%（14/22）;在同步进行结核分枝杆菌培养、Xpert MTB/RIF检测与二代测序的50例标本中,以临床诊断为标准,3种方法的特异度均为100%（16/16）;传统方法、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及二代测序的敏感性分别为29.4%（10/34）、38.2（13/24）和58.8（20/34）,前两种检测方法与二代测序敏感性差异均有统计学意义（McNemar检验：χ² = 8.333、P = 0.013,χ² = 8.333、P = 0.065）。传统方法与二代测序联合检测的敏感性高达82.4%（28/34）。 结论二代测序技术能够较快速地检测脑脊液中的结核分枝杆菌复合群,且其敏感性和特异度均较高,可作为TBM的早期诊断指标。二代测序联合传统检测方法可提高检出率。     

Chemical meningitis: A rare presentation of Rathke’s cleft cyst

Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCC) are usually benign, sellar and/or suprasellar lesions originating from the remnants of Rathke’s pouch. Rarely, RCC can present with chemical meningitis, sellar abscess, lymphocytic hypophysitis, or intracystic hemorrhage. We describe an unusual presentation of RCC in which the patient presented with a clinical picture of chemical meningitis consisting of meningeal irritation, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid profile, and enhancing pituitary and hypothalamic lesions, in addition to involvement of the optic tracts and optic nerve.     

Chronic meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: An unusual etiology

Chronic aseptic meningitis is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Apart from immunological causes and drugs, the aseptic meningitis group can include some unidentified viral infections that cannot be detected by routine microbiological testing. It is imperative to do complete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) workup before implicating the symptoms to disease activity or drugs, as untreated infections cause significant mortality in SLE. We present a case of young female with SLE who presented with chronic meningitis of an uncommon etiology.     

An autopsy case of meningeal carcinomatosis with parenchymal invasion through the cranial and spinal nerve roots

Meningeal carcinomatosis is a well‐known complication of malignant neoplasms. We report a case of meningeal carcinomatosis of 2 months' duration in a 22‐year‐old man, in whom the initial symptom was gradually worsening headache. Postmortem examination revealed infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Carcinoma cells showed diffuse spread to the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord. In many places, subarachnoid tumor cells had infiltrated to the cranial and spinal nerves. Moreover, carcinoma cells in the nerve roots extended to the parenchyma of the brain and spinal cord beyond the CNS‐peripheral nervous system junction. These findings suggest that cranial and spinal nerve roots can be a possible route of parenchymal invasion in meningeal carcinomatosis.     

64例小儿化脓性脑膜炎临床分析

目的 分析小儿化脓性脑膜炎的临床特征、诊疗方法以及预后.方法 回顾分析64例小儿化脓性脑膜炎的临床资料.结果 小儿化脓性脑膜炎的主要临床表现为发热、呕吐、精神异常、嗜睡以及脑膜刺激征阳性等;经综合治疗后48例（75.0%）治愈,13例（20.3%）好转,2例（3.1%）转外科治疗,1例（1.6%）死亡;治疗前脑脊液外观浑浊检出率以及球蛋白阳性率分别为78.1%和85.9%,治疗后分别为3.1%和3.1%,均较治疗前显著降低.结论 小儿化脓性脑膜炎无特异性临床表现,早期脑脊液检查（CSF）有利于提高临床诊断准确率,合理应用敏感抗生素进行治疗可获得满意疗效.     

醒脑静注射液辅助治疗化脓性脑膜炎患儿观察

目的：观察醒脑静注射液联合头孢曲松治疗化脓性脑膜炎患儿的疗效。方法：100例化脓性脑膜炎患儿随机分为对照组50例和观察组50例,对照组予常规治疗;观察组在对照组基础上加用醒脑静注射液0.4-0.6ml·kg-1·d-1。两组疗程均为3 d。比较两组体温正常、外周血及脑脊液WBC计数正常时间与住院时间,以及两组患儿治疗前后血及脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平变化,评价两组临床疗效,比较并发症及随访6个月后的后遗症发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,观察组体温正常时间和脑脊液WBC计数正常时间均明显缩短（P〈0.05）,血清及脑脊液TNF-α含量下降更显著（P〈0.05）,观察组临床总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。其余指标两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：醒脑静注射液辅助治疗化脓性脑膜炎能有效改善患儿症状,纠正炎症因子异常,临床疗效高,值得临床推广。     

乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗符合WHO要求的无菌工艺验证

成都生物制品研究所有限责任公司（成都公司）生产的乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗（乙脑疫苗）是通过WHO预认证的国际项目产品。无菌分装工艺作为乙脑疫苗冻干粉针剂生产工艺的核心部分将直接决定产品的质量。     

彝族地区小儿结核性脑膜炎临床特征分析

目的分析彝族地区小儿结核性脑膜炎的临床特征,探讨早期诊断的有效方法,减少误诊。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2012年12月我院71例临床诊断结核性脑膜炎的住院患儿病例资料。结果农村彝族患病率高,占全组病例90．1％,全组病例仅4例有明确卡介苗接种史。全组患儿主要临床表现为：发热,神经系统症状颅内压增高和脑膜刺激征。胸部X线片或胸部cT异常31例（47．0％）,其中粟粒型结核6例（19．4％）。全组69例行头部CT,42例异常,阳性率为60．9％,其中33例伴随脑积水改变（46．5％）。结论发热伴颅内压增高,脑神经损害是小儿结核性脑膜炎常见的表现。彝族地区卡介疫苗接种覆盖率低,发病率高,应重视宣传及加强对基层的防疫工作。头颅CT是结核性脑膜炎早期诊断和判断预后比较有效的方法。对疑诊患者或脑脊液不典型患者应早期行头部CT及胸部X线片检查。     

Mixed Infection in Adult Bacterial Meningitis

Summary 12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital over a period of 13 years (1986–1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. The 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17–74 years. Six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. Ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, with head trauma and/or neurosurgical procedure being the most frequent. Both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens were identified in these 12 cases with gram-negative pathogens outnumbering the gram-positive ones. The implicated pathogens, starting with the most frequent, included Enterobacter species (Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes), Klebsiella species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria meningitidis. Six of the 12 cases were found to have multi-antibiotic-resistant strains, which included E. cloacae in one, A. baumannii in one, K. pneumoniae in one and S. aureus in three. The management of these 12 cases included appropriate antibiotics and neurosurgical procedures including shunt revision. Despite the complexity of implicated pathogens and the high incidence of emergence of resistant strains, the overall mortality rate (8.3%, 1/12) was not higher than that in adult bacterial meningitis. However, complete recuperation was difficult in adult patients with mixed bacterial meningitis. Received: October 5, 1999 · Accepted: November 23, 1999