Tuberculous meningitis in a lung transplanted patient

A 57‐year‐old female lung transplant recipient developed tuberculosis after quadruple maintenance immunosuppression for acute cellular rejection with respiratory compromise. Deteriorating neurological status led to cerebral imaging and lumbar puncture, which showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis with elevated intracranial pressure was treated for 2 weeks on a neurosurgical ward, and intensive care therapy was necessary for another 2 weeks. Complete neurological recovery was achieved after 3 months.     

HIV/AIDS患者并发新型隐球菌脑膜炎的诊疗新进展

随着HAART时代的到来,HIV/AIDS患者中隐球菌病的发病率已经明显下降,但仍然是最常见的机会性感染之一。尤其是由新型隐球菌引起的脑膜炎,在全球仍有着很高的发病率和病死率。本文将就HIV/AIDS患者并发新型隐球菌脑膜炎的病原学、流行病学、发病机理、临床表现及治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Cystic cochleovestibular anomaly presenting with congenital deafness and recurrent bacterial meningitis in childhood

Recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM) in many instances is associated with identifiable anatomical defects. Presence of congenital deafness with recurrent meningitis should alert clinician for presence of middle and inner ear malformation. These defects can be demonstrated by various neuro imaging techniques and can be surgically corrected. In this case report we describe a child seen at our institute with congenital deafness and recurrent meningitis, discuss the approach to RBM and briefly describe inner ear malformation associated with the same and how to differentiate them.     

小儿化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液中HBP和VE-cadherin的水平变化及其对预后的预测价值

目的 探讨小儿化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液肝素结合蛋白(Heparin-binding protein,HBP)和血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(Vascular endothelial-cadherin,VE-cadherin)的水平变化及其对预后的预测价值。方法 选取2019年2月-2021年本院收治的化脓性脑膜炎患儿106例[(Purulent meningitis,PM)组]和病毒性脑炎患儿75例[(Vascular endothelial,VE)组],同时选取60例在本院就诊的非感染性疾病患儿作为对照组; 比较3组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平变化; 将PM组患儿依据出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)标准分为预后良好组和预后不良组,对比预后良好组和预后不良组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平以及其他可能的影响因素; 采用Logistic回归分析法明确影响化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素; 绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平对化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的预测价值。结果 入院第1 d PM组、VE组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均高于对照组(P<0.05); PM组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均高于VE组(P<0.05)。治疗后PM组与VE组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均低于入院第1 d(P<0.05),但2组治疗7 d后比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,预后不良组休克、意识障碍、脑脊液细菌培养阳性的占比、脑脊液白细胞计数(White blood cell,WBC)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、HBP(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)、VE-cadherin(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。经Logistic回归分析显示,休克、意识障碍、HBP(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)、VE-cadherin(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)水平均是化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析显示,入院第1 d脑脊液HBP联合VE-cadherin水平预测化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的灵敏度、准确度、曲线下面积(Areaunder the curve,AUC)分别为93.57%、92.16%、0.915,均高于脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin单独预测; 治疗7 d后脑脊液HBP联合VE-cadherin水平预测化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的灵敏度、准确度、曲线下面积(AUC)分别为96.89%、95.71%、0.931,均高于脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin单独预测。结论 在化脓性脑膜炎患儿中脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平异常升高,且是导致化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素,对小儿化脓性脑膜炎的预后具有较高的预测价值。     

酶斑免疫结合技术检测脑脊液中结核杆菌抗原及诊断价值的探讨

用酶斑免疫结合技术(Dot-Immuno-Binding Technique,DIBT)建立敏感的脑脊液中检测结核杆菌抗原方法,早期诊断结核性脑膜炎.15例结核性脑膜炎患者不同期42份脑脊液中38份呈阳性反应.此法可测最低抗原量为10ng/ml.并用结核杆菌A60为抗原检测脑脊液中相应抗体作对照。1例患者于发病5天即发现抗原。此法不需特殊仪器,适合早期、快速诊断。     

依据Paprosky分型股骨侧假体无菌性松动的处理策略

目的研究全髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动的治疗方法及疗效,探讨股骨侧假体无菌性松动的治疗原则。方法回顾性分析自2000-01—2014-12诊治的24例股骨侧假体无菌性松动,记录手术前后VAS评分、Harris评分。影像学指标包括假体松动表现、Paprosky分型、假体内翻角、Barrack分级、植骨方式、内固定位置、并发症情况等。结果所有患者均获平均15.3(13~68)个月随访。术前VAS评分平均为8.9(7.2~10)分,末次随访VAS评分4.3(2~10)分,与术前有较大改善,差异有统计学意义(t=2.361,P=0.027)。术前Harris评分平均为32.5(12~54)分,末次随访时为60.8(36~82)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.213,P=0.032)。所有患者初次置换为骨水泥型股骨柄假体,22例透亮线位于骨水泥-骨界面间。翻修手术采用生物型翻修假体,骨水泥残留1例。术前Paprosky分型,Ⅰ型4例(16.7%),Ⅱ型6例(25%),ⅢA型8例(33.3%),ⅢB型4例(16.7%),无Ⅳ型。术中根据不同分型应用结构性植骨及打压植骨,术后骨长入良好。结论股骨侧假体无菌性松动的处理原则需要对患者骨质缺损、初次置换方式及质量等方面因素进行综合考虑。其处理以翻修手术为主,需根据不同骨缺损类型选择植骨方式及翻修方法。     

Microbial genome dynamics in CNS pathogenesis

The balancing act between microbes and their host in commensal and disease states needs to be deciphered in order to fully treat and combat infectious diseases. The elucidation of microbial genome dynamics in each instance is therefore required. In this context, the major bacterial meningitis pathogens are Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In prokaryotic CNS pathogenesis both the intact organism as well as its released components can elicit disease, often resulting in neurological sequelae, neurodegeneration or fatal outcome. The study of microbial virulence in CNS disease is expected to generate findings that yield new information on the general mechanisms of brain edema and excitatory neuronal disturbances due to meningitis, with significant potential for discoveries that can directly influence and inspire new strategies for prevention and treatment of this serious disease.     

Enhancing global vaccine pharmacovigilance: Proof-of-concept study on aseptic meningitis and immune thrombocytopenic purpura following measles-mumps containing vaccination

New vaccines designed to prevent diseases endemic in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are now being introduced without prior record of utilization in countries with robust pharmacovigilance systems. To address this deficit, our objective was to demonstrate feasibility of an international hospital-based network for the assessment of potential epidemiological associations between serious and rare adverse events and vaccines in any setting. This was done through a proof-of-concept evaluation of the risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and aseptic meningitis (AM) following administration of the first dose of measles-mumps-containing vaccines using the self-controlled risk interval method in the primary analysis. The World Health Organization (WHO) selected 26 sentinel sites (49 hospitals) distributed in 16 countries of the six WHO regions. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.5–9.7) for ITP following first dose of measles-containing vaccinations, and of 10.9 (95% CI: 4.2–27.8) for AM following mumps-containing vaccinations were found. The strain-specific analyses showed significantly elevated ITP risk for measles vaccines containing Schwarz (IRR: 20.7; 95% CI: 2.7–157.6), Edmonston-Zagreb (IRR: 11.1; 95% CI: 1.4–90.3), and Enders’Edmonston (IRR: 8.5; 95% CI: 1.9–38.1) strains. A significantly elevated AM risk for vaccines containing the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps strain (IRR: 10.8; 95% CI: 1.3–87.4) was also found. This proof-of-concept study has shown, for the first time, that an international hospital-based network for the investigation of rare vaccine adverse events, using common standardized procedures and with high participation of LMICs, is feasible, can produce reliable results, and has the potential to characterize differences in risk between vaccine strains. The completion of this network by adding large reference hospitals, particularly from tropical countries, and the systematic WHO-led implementation of this approach, should permit the rapid post-marketing evaluation of safety signals for serious and rare adverse events for new and existing vaccines in all settings, including LMICs.     

2009-2015年邯郸市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌率调查及分子分型研究

目的 了解邯郸市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌状况以及菌群分布变化情况,为预测流脑发病趋势、合理制定流脑防控措施提供依据。 方法 2009-2015年间,采集7个年龄组健康人群的咽拭子,接种于巧克力双抗琼脂平板进行脑膜炎奈瑟菌分离培养鉴定。 结果 共采集3 528份健康人群咽拭子,其中阳性100株,带菌率为2.83%;通过血清分群鉴定出71株,其中A群8株, B群36株, C群18株, W135群 9株;未分群29株,包括多凝菌(12株)、自凝菌(8株)、不凝菌(9株),并且以15～岁年龄组的带菌率最高。通过PCR的方法对未分群的菌株进行分子分型,鉴定出18株,分型率为62.1%;其中A群3株,B群8株,C群6株,29E群1株,仍有11株未分型。 结论 2009-2015年邯郸市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌率较低,但10~25岁年龄组带菌率显著。流行株在2009-2011年主要以B群为主,并且集中在10~25岁之间,但是到2014年、2015年的流行株就有所改变,主要是C群和W135群。这更应该引起关注,进一步加大卫生宣传力度和流脑疫苗接种率。     

深圳市婴儿B族链球菌脑膜炎临床特点分析

[摘要]目的：分析婴儿B族链球菌（GBS）脑膜炎的临床特点、药敏试验、抗生素治疗及预后。方法：回顾性分析2010年12月至2016年1月深圳市儿童医院收治的24例GBS脑膜炎患儿资料。结果：男17例,女7例,早发感染2例（8.3%）,晚发感染22例（91.7%）。急性期血白细胞升高13例（54.2%）,C反应蛋白升高17例（70.8%）,降钙素原升高14例（87.5%,14/16）。B族链球菌对红霉素、克林霉素、四环素耐药率为41.7%、66.7%及95.8%,对青霉素、万古霉素、利奈唑胺100%敏感。抗生素治疗：美罗培南17例（70.8%）,头孢菌素类或青霉素类抗生素7例（29.2%）,联合使用利奈唑胺13例（54.2%）、联合使用万古霉素5例（20.8%）。24例好转,5例发生并发症。结论：GBS菌株对青霉素、万古霉素、利奈唑胺敏感性高,对红霉素、克林霉素、四环素耐药率高。抗生素药敏结果与临床疗效不相符,预后欠佳。