依据Paprosky分型股骨侧假体无菌性松动的处理策略

目的研究全髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动的治疗方法及疗效,探讨股骨侧假体无菌性松动的治疗原则。方法回顾性分析自2000-01—2014-12诊治的24例股骨侧假体无菌性松动,记录手术前后VAS评分、Harris评分。影像学指标包括假体松动表现、Paprosky分型、假体内翻角、Barrack分级、植骨方式、内固定位置、并发症情况等。结果所有患者均获平均15.3(13~68)个月随访。术前VAS评分平均为8.9(7.2~10)分,末次随访VAS评分4.3(2~10)分,与术前有较大改善,差异有统计学意义(t=2.361,P=0.027)。术前Harris评分平均为32.5(12~54)分,末次随访时为60.8(36~82)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.213,P=0.032)。所有患者初次置换为骨水泥型股骨柄假体,22例透亮线位于骨水泥-骨界面间。翻修手术采用生物型翻修假体,骨水泥残留1例。术前Paprosky分型,Ⅰ型4例(16.7%),Ⅱ型6例(25%),ⅢA型8例(33.3%),ⅢB型4例(16.7%),无Ⅳ型。术中根据不同分型应用结构性植骨及打压植骨,术后骨长入良好。结论股骨侧假体无菌性松动的处理原则需要对患者骨质缺损、初次置换方式及质量等方面因素进行综合考虑。其处理以翻修手术为主,需根据不同骨缺损类型选择植骨方式及翻修方法。     

乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗符合WHO要求的无菌工艺验证

成都生物制品研究所有限责任公司（成都公司）生产的乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗（乙脑疫苗）是通过WHO预认证的国际项目产品。无菌分装工艺作为乙脑疫苗冻干粉针剂生产工艺的核心部分将直接决定产品的质量。     

Inhibitory effect of icariin on Ti-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis

Background

Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis that results in aseptic loosening is the most common cause of long-term failure after total joint replacement.

Materials and methods

Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium pubescens, inhibits osteoclast formation, but its effects on wear particle-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of ICA in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), which is stimulated by titanium (Ti) particles and the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand.

Results

ICA effectively inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption in the differentiation medium. ICA (10⁻⁷ mol/L) significantly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells compared with the control, and significantly reduced the percentage of the surface covered by resorption lacunae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ICA inhibited messenger RNA expression for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by Ti particles and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. ICA also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW264.7 cells cultured with Ti particles. In addition, incubation with cholecystokinin-8 showed that ICA had no toxic effects on RAW264.7 cells.

Conclusions

ICA possibly elicited inhibitory effects on inflammatory osteoclastogenesis induced by Ti particles, indicating that ICA may be useful for the prevention and treatment of wear particle-induced osteolysis.     

Factors influencing nurse compliance in maintaining aseptic technique in the insertion of peripheral intravenous access in neonates

BackgroundAseptic technique is the foundation for preventing bloodstream infections due to peripheral intravenous access insertion. This study aims at identifying the factors influencing nurse compliance in maintaining aseptic technique in the insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC).MethodologyThe research method is cross-sectional with 160 nurses. The related variables measured were repeated insertion, infant care (incubator or radiation warmer), age of nurse, working experience, level of education of nurses, level of knowledge, work schedule, and number of teams on duty. The nurse's knowledge was measured using a modified questionnaire, and the level of compliance was measured by an observation sheet.ResultsHigher age and education level of nurses were significantly associated with an increase in the level of nurse compliance (β = 0.053–1.22; p < 0.001; <0.015). Working experience, the number of insertions, the level of knowledge of nurses about PIVC, and the place of care in the radiant warmer were associated negatively with a decrease in the level of nurse compliance in the use of aseptic PIVC techniques (β = −0.011; - 0.152; p < 0.001).ConclusionAge and educational qualifications should be considered for the potential contributing to nurses' compliance with the aseptic protocol in the neonatal care unit.     

双蒂髂骨瓣转位移植治疗股骨头无菌性坏死

目的:探讨双髂骨瓣转位移植在治疗股骨头无菌性坏死疾患中的应用效果。方法:我们自1998年5月～1999年2月对应用双蒂髂骨瓣移位移植治疗股骨头无菌性坏死的28侧32髋进行临床观察。结果:根据王岩等制定的评定标准进行评定:优10例,良14例,可2例,差2例。结论:双蒂髂骨瓣转位移植可改善股骨头的血运,促进坏死区的修复与重建.具有可靠的疗效。     

不同消毒工具对气管切开伤口的影响

目的观察2种不同消毒工具对气管切开处伤口感染的影响。方法将50例行气管切开术的患者采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组与实验组各25例。实验组选用一种长20cm的无菌棉签对气管切开伤口进行消毒换药;对照组选用常规纱球对气管切开伤口进行消毒换药。观察两组患者气管切开伤口周围皮肤局部改变情况,计算伤口感染率。结果实验组患者气管切开伤口未发生感染,对照组患者气管切开伤口感染发生率为16．0％,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（x2=3．170,P〈0．05）。结论用灭菌的长棉签对气管切开伤口周围皮肤进行消毒换药可以降低伤口感染率,且便于护理人员操作,值得临床推广使用。     

雷奈酸锶治疗人工关节磨损颗粒诱导骨溶解的实验研究

目的研究雷奈酸锶治疗人工关节磨损微粒诱导骨溶解的作用,探讨防治人工关节置换术后假体松动的可能性。方法采用小鼠建立Co—Cr-Mo微粒诱导骨溶解的颅骨模型,分为4组：A组为空白组,B组为颗粒对照组,C组为低剂量治疗组,D组为高剂量治疗组。28d后取出颅骨进行HE染色观察颅骨骨溶解面积,通过EUSA方法检测TNF—α和RANKL的表达,qRT-PCR方法检测RANKL和OPG的表达并分析RANKL／OPG比率变化。结果雷奈酸锶可以明显抑制微粒诱导的骨溶解,对下调TNF-α和RANKL蛋白有确切的疗效,而且这种改变与雷奈酸锶的剂量有关。虽然其对OPG基因转录的抑制作用不太明显,但是对RANKL基因转录和RANKL／OPG基因转录比率的调节与HE染色切片上骨溶解程度相一致。结论雷奈酸锶能够抑制小鼠颅骨骨溶解模型中TNF-α和RANKL的表达,并下调RANKL/OPG基因转录比率,从而抑制了由微粒诱导的骨溶解,为临床预防人工关节置换术后假体松动提供了理论依据。     

臭氧在医药工业获得无菌生产环境中的应用研究

臭氧消毒灭菌作为对无菌生产区的细菌和微生物进行有效控制的消毒灭菌方法，与甲醛熏蒸消毒、紫外线消毒灭菌等方式相比，不存在二次污染物，不存在死角，不但对各种细菌和杂菌有极强的杀灭能力，而且对芽孢也有较好的杀灭作用。为无菌生产环境的获得提供了良好的保证。