肾上腺素静脉注射引起大鼠血压双向性变化

目的观察不同剂量肾上腺素静脉注射后大鼠动脉血压和心率的变化。方法42只SD雄性大鼠,体重250～300 g,按单次静脉注射肾上腺素的剂量不同随机均分为六组:Ⅰ～Ⅴ组分别为:0.5、1、2、4、8μg/kg肾上腺素,Ⅵ组为生理盐水组。于注射后不同时点记录SBP、DBP和HR,并记录该时段内最高SBP和最低DBP。结果所有肾上腺素组血压均于注射后18 s左右达最高,以SBP的升高最明显(P<0.01);随后,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组出现低血压,以DBP的降低最明显,各组最低DBP分别出现于注射后(1.3±0.5)、(2.2±0.4)、(3.0±0.6)、(3.4±1.1)min(P<0.01)。结论肾上腺素静脉注射于大鼠,小剂量仅引起高血压,较大剂量引起双向性血压变化;且剂量越大,起初的高血压和随后的低血压越严重。     

声脉冲辐射力弹性成像在移植肝术后早期恢复过程中的评估价值

目的  探讨声脉冲辐射力弹性成像（ARFI）技术在移植肝术后早期恢复过程中的评估价值。方法  收集19例行原位肝移植的患者作为研究组,12例健康成年人作为对照组。研究组在移植术后第1、2、3、5、7日接受相关床旁常规超声检查及ARFI检测,比较术后各日移植肝弹性的变化。对照组仅接受1次常规超声检查及ARFI检测。比较研究组和对照组的肝脏二维超声、彩色多普勒超声及ARFI结果。结果  常规超声显示研究组移植肝1周内恢复良好;ARFI显示移植肝术后第1、2、3、5、7日的剪切波速度（SWV）值均高于健康成年人,差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。术后第1日的SWV值高于第7日,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论  ARFI技术能够显示移植肝术后早期肝脏硬度与健康人的区别,可反映早期肝脏硬度的变化,具有良好临床应用价值。     

磁共振弹性成像技术在肿瘤中的应用及研究进展

肿瘤组织的硬度与肿瘤的发展、浸润、远处转移、放化疗抵抗以及手术方式的选择密切相关,因此准确评估肿瘤组织硬度对于肿瘤的诊断、手术方式的选择及预后评估具有重要意义。磁共振弹性成像是通过机械波定量测量组织弹性剪切力的动态成像方法。磁共振弹性成像作为一种非侵入性的技术可以定量分析在体组织的机械性能（硬度）。它是传统触诊机械化、定量化的一种手段,不仅客观且分辨率高,又不受诊断部位的限制,因此具有良好的研究和应用前景。笔者将综述目前磁共振弹性成像的原理以及其在乳腺、前列腺、脑、肝脏及胰腺等肿瘤中的应用和研究进展。     

A New Insight Into Pathophysiological Mechanism of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Novel Parameters Salusin-β and Arterial Stiffness

BackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has risk factors similar to those of atherosclerosis. Salusin-β and arterial stiffness are novel parameters that have been shown to predict atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders. However, their predictive value for detecting AAA remains unclear.MethodsForty-eight patients with AAA and 47 age- and sex-matched participants without AAA were enrolled in the study. Arterial stiffness parameters were obtained via an oscillometric Mobil-O-Graph PWA Monitor device (IEM GmbH) with integrated ARCSolver software (Australian Institute of Technology). Plasma salusin-β levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagent kit (Abbkine, Inc). The measured salusin-β levels and arterial stiffness parameters of the AAA and control groups were compared.ResultsSalusin-β levels were significantly lower in patients with AAA (P = .014). There was a significant negative correlation between salusin-β levels and abdominal aorta diameter. No significant difference was detected between AAA and control groups in terms of arterial stiffness parameters (P > .05). In backward multiple regression analysis, the presence of AAA, platelet count, and augmentation index were found to be independent predictors of salusin-β levels (P = .006 and P = .023, respectively).ConclusionArterial stiffness parameters were not found to be associated with AAA. Contrary to previous results regarding atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders, salusin-β levels were found to be lower in patients with AAA. Although AAA is thought to have similar risk factors as atherosclerosis, the exact pathophysiologic mechanism remains unclear.     

Association between susceptibility value and cerebral blood flow in the bilateral putamen in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Hemodialysis (HD) is the most regularly applied replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease, but it may result in brain injuries. The correlation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration and iron deposition has not been investigated in patients undergoing HD. Ferritin level may be a dominant factor in CBF and iron deposition change. We hypothesize that ferritin level might be the key mediator between iron deposition and CBF alteration. The correlation in the putamen was estimated between the susceptibility values and CBF in patients undergoing HD. Compared with healthy controls, patients showed more altered global susceptibility values and CBF. The susceptibility value was negatively correlated with CBF in the putamen in patients. Moreover, the susceptibility value was negatively correlated with ferritin level and positively correlated with serum iron level in the putamen of patients. CBF was positively correlated with ferritin level and negatively correlated with serum iron level in the putamen of patients. These findings indicate that iron dyshomeostasis and vascular damage might exist in the putamen in patients. The results revealed that iron dyshomeostasis and vascular damage in the putamen may be potential neural mechanisms for neurodegenerative processes in patients undergoing HD.     

Biomechanical performance of powder-free examination gloves

Biomechanical performance studies were undertaken for powder-free, latex and nitrile examination gloves. Using standardized tests, examination glove performance was judged by measuring glove thickness, glove puncture force, glove tape adhesion force, glove donning force, glove stiffness, and immediate unrecovered stretch. Even though the nitrile examination gloves were thinner than the latex examination gloves, they exhibited a greater puncture resistance. In addition, tape adherence to the N-Dex nitrile glove was the lowest. Moreover, measurements of the handling characteristics of the nitrile examination gloves demonstrated that they are an acceptable alternative to latex examination gloves. While these biomechanical studies demonstrate the superiority of the nitrile examination gloves, clinical glove evaluation is still needed to determine their performance in the health care setting.     

单肺通气时持续气道正压对动脉氧合的影响

目的 利用自制的气道正压装置,对单肺通气下开胸病人的无通气肺施加志气道正压,观察无通气肺接受不同水平的持续气道正压时对动脉氧合的影响。方法 １９例需在单肺通气下开胸手术的病人（ＡＳＡ：１－２级）,随机分成２组,组１（ｎ＝１０）,对无通气肺施加０．２９４ｋＰａ（３ｃｍＨ２Ｏ）的气道持续正压（ＣＰＡＰ－３）,组２（ｎ＝９）;对无 敢肺施加０．４９０ｋＰａ（５ｃｈｍＨ２Ｏ）的气道持续正压（ＣＰＡＰ－５）     

血液透析通路再循环影响因素分析及对策

为了解血液透析再循环的影响因素，对５０例次血液透析病人进行血肌酐和血尿素氮再循环率（Ｒ）测定。结果：股静脉插管组与内瘘穿刺组无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而内瘘穿刺组中，在动静脉压力相近时，Ｒ与动静脉穿刺针距无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）；动脉压≥－１３．３ｋＰａ和＜－１３．３ｋＰａ组比较，Ｒ有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），直线回归检验呈密切正相关（ｒ＝０．７３２８）；静脉压≥１３．３ｋＰａ和＜１３．３ｋＰａ组Ｒ值亦有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），直线回归检验呈密切正相关（ｒ＝０．７２８１）。可见，股静脉插管和内瘘方式及穿刺针距不是影响Ｒ的主要因素，但在透析过程中，要避免使静脉压力升高或动脉负压值增大的因素     

国产盐酸丁卡因凝胶用于介入治疗动脉插管术前皮肤局部麻醉作用的临床研究

目的 研究盐酸丁卡因凝胶用于介入治疗动脉插管术前的麻醉效果及临床安全性。方法 选取需行动脉穿刺插管病人40例。采用单盲随机平行对照观察方法分为两组。其中试验组和对照组各20例。用药后穿刺右股动脉，观察局部麻醉作用、插管时瞬间疼痛及不良反应。结果 两组病人局部麻醉作用显效率分别为85％、90％，有效率均为100％。插管时瞬间疼痛比较镇痛有效率分别为95％、100％。两组均未出现不良反应。结论 盐酸丁卡因凝胶麻醉效果好，操作简单，无创伤无痛苦，临床安全性好，无明显不良反应，可用于介入治疗动脉插管术前的局部麻醉。     

急性肢体缺血的治疗

目的 探讨急性肢体缺血的治疗方法 .方法 回顾性分析28例急性肢体缺血的临床资料.4例急性动脉栓塞者行急症取栓术,1例假性动脉瘤患者行假性动脉瘤切除及人工血管植入术,23例动脉闭塞症者采用取栓、血管旁路术、血管腔内治疗、截肢、单纯药物等治疗.结果 5例急性动脉栓塞及假性动脉瘤患者治疗成功,23例动脉闭塞症患者中,5例(21.7%)治疗成功,12例(52.2%)好转,6例(26.1%)无效,4例截肢(占动脉闭塞疾病的17.4%).无1例死亡.6～45个月随访中,另有5例截肢,死亡4例.结论 急性肢体缺血患者需根据病情选择合理的治疗策略,包括取栓及血管重建等,以达到挽救肢体和生命的目的 .