国际辅助技术服务的政策架构、核心内容和发展研究

目的 研究联合国和世界卫生组织(WHO)辅助技术服务的政策架构与核心内容,比较不同经济发展水平国家辅助技术发展现状,探讨未来辅助技术政策与服务发展。方法 基于联合国和WHO辅助技术的相关政策与理论架构,运用WHO健康服务体系构成要素的理论,分析国际辅助技术服务的政策架构与主要内容,比较全球不同经济发展水平国家辅助技术服务政策、辅助产品和服务发展,探讨国际辅助技术的政策与创新技术发展热点。结果 辅助技术服务是康复服务的重要组成部分,发展辅助技术服务是实现联合国可持续发展目标三“确保健康的生活方式,促进各年龄段人群的福祉”的关键步骤。联合国和WHO发布的辅助技术服务相关指南提供了辅助技术服务政策,其核心架构是基于联合国《残疾人权利公约》有关辅助技术内容,并具体表现在WHO《世界残疾报告》《全球残疾行动计划》《健康服务体系中的康复》和《健康服务体系中的康复：行动指南》以及WHA 71.8号有关辅助技术的决议《改善获得辅助技术的机会》等核心文件中。国际辅助技术政策核心内容旨在构建以人为本的综合保健服务,强调将辅助技术纳入公共卫生医疗体系和康复服务范畴,根据WHO健康服务的六大核心构成要素建立和发展辅助技术服务,从而提高获取优质辅助技术机会,以实现全民健康覆盖,并且在辅助产品和辅助技术服务领域,倡导技术和服务创新,形成5P辅助技术模式。高收入国家和中低收入国家在辅助技术服务政策、辅助技术产品提供以及服务覆盖率方面都面临诸多困难,存在着较大差异。未来各国辅助技术发展热点主要是采用WHO提出的5P模式进行政策和服务提供以及技术变革,辅助技术产品开发、辅助技术服务模式的创新将是未来发展的热点。结论 国际社会有关辅助技术的政策是以联合国《残疾人权利公约》为核心,并以联合国及WHO发表的辅助技术服务的相关政策文件为基础形成的,其主旨在于发展辅助技术服务,为残疾人、老年人和其他功能障碍者提供及时、适当和可负担的辅助技术服务,改善他们的健康并提升生活质量和福祉。要将辅助技术纳入全民健康覆盖,并通过初级卫生保健加强服务提供,以实现联合国可持续发展目标三全民健康覆盖的目标,实现辅助技术服务全覆盖。发展辅助技术,要将辅助技术纳入康复服务的范畴,在WHO健康服务体系的六大构成要素架构下,完善辅助技术服务的治理,通过多种机制为辅助技术服务进行筹资,培训康复人才从事辅助技术工作,改善辅助技术的服务提供,提升服务的质量,将辅助技术纳入基本医药技术,建立适应辅助技术发展的健康信息系统并对辅助技术服务提供监测。在世界不同地区,由于经济和社会发展水平的差异,辅助产品和技术服务的发展水平存在着很大差异,在获得辅助技术服务时遇到很大挑战。需要制定相关的政策、规划,并进行技术和服务创新。未来辅助技术发展将围绕辅助技术的5P模式进行产品和服务提供领域的改革以及技术创新,以提升辅助技术服务的覆盖率、有效性、可及性和可负担性,在全民健康覆盖架构下,将辅助技术服务融入健康服务体系,实现全民辅助技术服务全覆盖,提升辅助技术服务的质量和辅助技术消费者的福祉。     

UPLC法同时测定柴胡疏肝散水煎液冻干物中8个成分的含量

目的:建立柴胡疏肝散水煎液冻干物中8个成分含量同时测定的方法。方法:采用超高效液相色谱法对6批柴胡疏肝散水煎液冻干物样品中8个成分芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、阿魏酸、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、甘草酸、α-香附酮进行含量测定。色谱柱为Phenomenex,流动相为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈梯度洗脱,检测波长为250 nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1 mL/min,进样体积为10μL。结果:芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、阿魏酸、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、甘草酸、α-香附酮的检测质量浓度线性范围分别3.606~8.414、23.988~55.972、1.218~2.842、35.964~83.916、12.009~28.021、1.194~2.786、3.609~8.421、5.294~12.352μg/mL(r=0.999 5~0.999 9),定量限分别为0.206、0.178、0.256、0.168、0.196、0.242、0.268、0.157μg/mL;精密度试验、稳定性试验(12 h)、重复性试验中的RSD均<2%(n=5或6),回收率分别为97.93%、98.18%、96.57%、97.61%、98.51%、97.45%、98.14%、96.91%(RSD均<2%);6批样品中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、阿魏酸、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、甘草酸的平均含量分别为59.258、429.237、23.173、625.847、200.424、15.048、67.620μg/g,α-香附酮因具有挥发性未检测出。结论:建立的含量测定方法简便,结果稳定、可靠、准确,可为柴胡疏肝散水煎液冻干物的质量控制提供参考。     

Dairy consumption is associated with lower plasma dihydroceramides in women from the D.E.S.I.R. cohort

AimIn the D.E.S.I.R. cohort, higher consumption of dairy products was associated with lower incidence of hyperglycaemia, and dihydroceramide concentrations were higher in those who progressed to diabetes. Our aim here was to study the relationships between dairy consumption and concentrations of dihydroceramides and ceramides.MethodsIn the D.E.S.I.R. cohort, men and women aged 30–65 years, volunteers from West-Central France, were included in a 9-year follow-up with examinations every 3 years, including food-frequency questionnaires. Two items concerned dairy products (cheese, other dairy products except cheese). At each examination, dihydroceramides and ceramides were determined by mass spectrometry in a cohort subset; in the present study, the 105 people who did not progress to type 2 diabetes were analyzed, as the disorder per se might be a confounding factor.ResultsHigher consumption of dairy products (except cheese) was associated with total plasma dihydroceramides during the follow-up, but only in women (P = 0.01 for gender interaction). In fact, dihydroceramide levels were lower in women with high vs low consumption (P = 0.03), and were significantly increased during follow-up (P = 0.01) in low consumers only. There was also a trend for lower ceramides in women with high dairy (except cheese) intakes (P = 0.08). Cheese was associated with dihydroceramide and ceramide changes during follow-up (P = 0.04 for both), but no clear trend was evident in either low or high consumers.ConclusionThese results show that, in women, there is an inverse association between fresh dairy product consumption and predictive markers (dihydroceramides) of type 2 diabetes.     

Radiation Dose Benchmarks During Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease in the United States

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to define age-stratified, procedure-specific benchmark radiation dose levels during interventional catheterization for congenital heart disease.BackgroundThere is a paucity of published literature with regard to radiation dose levels during catheterization for congenital heart disease. Obtaining benchmark radiation data is essential for assessing the impact of quality improvement initiatives for radiation safety.MethodsData were obtained retrospectively from 7 laboratories participating in the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes collaborative. Total air kerma, dose area product, and total fluoroscopy time were obtained for the following procedures: 1) patent ductus arteriosus closure; 2) atrial septal defect closure; 3) pulmonary valvuloplasty; 4) aortic valvuloplasty; 5) treatment of coarctation of aorta; and 6) transcatheter pulmonary valve placement.ResultsBetween January 2009 and July 2013, 2,713 cases were identified. Radiation dose benchmarks are presented including median, 75th percentile, and 95th percentile. Radiation doses varied widely between age groups and procedure types. Radiation exposure was lowest in patent ductus arteriosus closure and highest in transcatheter pulmonary valve placement. Total fluoroscopy time was a poor marker of radiation exposure and did not correlate well with total air kerma and dose area product.ConclusionsThis study presents age-stratified radiation dose values for 6 common congenital heart interventional catheterization procedures. Fluoroscopy time alone is not an adequate measure for monitoring radiation exposure. These values will be used as baseline for measuring the effectiveness of future quality improvement activities by the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes collaborative.     

海洋纤溶活性化合物FGFC1和FGFC2影响血小板聚集特性的研究

目的：研究新型海洋双吲哚纤溶活性化合物FGFC1对血小板聚集的影响,发现纤溶活性化合物FGFC1与血小板相关因子变化的关系,同时比较双吲哚化合物FGFC1和单吲哚化合物FGFC2作用于血小板的异同。方法：从新鲜兔血收集血小板,调整反应体系血小板密度,以乙酰水杨酸为阳性对照,采用微量比浊法分析FGFC1和FGFC2对血小板聚集率的影响,用酶联免疫法测定FGFC1和FGFC2对血小板生理因子含量的变化。结果：FGFC1对ADP和AA诱导的血小板聚集具有抑制作用,最大抑制率分别达到42.58%±1.7%和47.82%±2.18%;FGFC2对ADP、AA和胶原诱导的血小板聚集均具有抑制作用,最大抑制率分别为50.12%±1.02%、45.28%±1.09%和50.28%±2.12%。FGFC1与FGFC2均能提升血小板内环磷酸腺苷含量,且FGFC2能明显降低血小板内血栓素A2含量。结论：海洋双吲哚纤溶活性化合物显著抑制血小板聚集,FGFC1通过影响血小板环磷酸腺苷的含量实现抑制血小板聚集,FGFC2可能通过不止一种途径抑制血小板聚集。吲哚化合物抑制血小板聚集与分子结构密切相关。