老年人肝内胆汁瘤6例治疗体会

目的 探讨老年人胆汁瘤的治疗方法及其效果.方法 患者共6例,术中均将相通胆管关闭后,行囊肿开窗引流术.结果 6例患者均痊愈出院,随访无复发.结论 将相通胆管关闭后行囊肿开窗引流术是治疗部分老年人胆汁瘤的一种安全有效的方法.     

多囊卵巢综合征诊断与治疗的新进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的发病机制目前仍不完全清楚,临床主要表现为月经失调、排卵障碍、肥胖等。该病的诊断标准尚存争议,大多认为鹿特丹准则比较适用于我国PCOS的诊断。治疗方法也繁多各异,包括非手术治疗(调整月经周期、促排卵治疗、应用胰岛素增敏剂和他汀类药物)、手术治疗(卵巢楔形切除术、经阴道超声引导的卵巢间质水凝术)和中西医结合治疗。     

AIDS treatment and mental health: Evidence from Uganda

Increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in developing countries over the last decade is believed to have contributed to reductions in HIV transmission and improvements in life expectancy. While numerous studies document the effects of ART on physical health and functioning, comparatively less attention has been paid to the effects of ART on mental health outcomes. In this paper we study the impact of ART on depression in a cohort of patients in Uganda entering HIV care. We find that 12 months after beginning ART, the prevalence of major and minor depression in the treatment group had fallen by approximately 15 and 27 percentage points respectively relative to a comparison group of patients in HIV care but not receiving ART. We also find some evidence that ART helps to close the well-known gender gap in depression between men and women.     

Reducing Psychological Distress in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment: Exploratory Study of Effectiveness

Background: This prospective study aimed to determine whether cognitive-behavioural group treatment accompanying medical standard care is effective in reducing psychological distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Twenty-eight outpatients with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis completed the treatment programme. Psychological treatment consisting of 12 weekly sessions was conducted in a group setting. Medical and psychometric assessments were taken at the beginning of the 3-month pretreatment waiting period, at pretreatment, at post-treatment and at the 3, 6 and 9-month follow-ups. Results: During baseline, no change was observed in psychological distress. Disease-related worries and concerns decreased significantly from pretreatment to the follow-ups. The disease groups differed in the decline of concerns between pre- and post-treatment, with a significant reduction of concerns in patients with ulcerative colitis but not Crohn disease. This difference did not occur at the follow-ups, indicating long-term improvement for both disease groups. Depressive coping decreased significantly in women and remained stable at the follow-ups, whereas depressive coping did not change in men. The same gender difference was found for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The exploratory findings suggest that psychological group treatment for outpatients is a feasible and effective approach for the short- and long-term reduction of psychological distress for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the revealed gender differences on coping and depression might indicate the necessity to consider gender-specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease when designing and evaluating psychological interventions.     

The Herniated Thoracic Disc: A Review of Literature

Abstract

This literature review discusses the epidemiology and etiology of thoracic disc lesions and describes signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Data presented in case series reports published between 1985-2001 is summarized: Thoracic disc herniations are more common than previously thought. They may cause mild, moderate, severe or confusing symptoms or be asymptomatic; 49% of cases were in men and 51% in women. Trauma was a precipitating factor in 31%; multiple herniations were reported in 9%. In symptomatic cases, 57% of patients presented with radicular pain, 48% with back pain, 63% with weakness, 60% with sensory complaints, 25% with bowel or bladder symptoms, and 59% with hyperreflexia. Typical presentations of upper, middle, and lower thoracic disc are summarized. Diagnosis is made by correlating clinical signs and symptoms with the results of diagnostic imaging. Surgery is recommended for patients with progressive neurological dysfunction. Research on the efficacy of conservative treatment is lacking in the literature.     

生殖器疱疹的诊断和处理

生殖器单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染是不可治愈的复发性、终生性疾病,可表现为生殖器疱疹或无症状性病毒排出.生殖器疱疹是生殖器溃疡的主要病因,已成为重要的公共卫生问题.由于临床诊断的不敏感和非特异性,通常需要病毒学或血清学检查确诊.HSV感染患者口服抗病毒药物治疗安全有效,可用于疾病发作时的治疗及预防复发.     

经导管持续性溶栓治疗糖尿病足的临床价值

目的 探讨经导管持续小剂量灌注尿激酶治疗糖尿病足(DF)的临床价值. 资料与方法 12例DF患者,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶,首先20 min内脉冲式给予尿激酶25～50万U,然后保留导管,持续小剂量溶栓,3～6万U/h,24 min尿激酶用量75～100万U. 结果 11例溶栓成功,溶栓成功率为91.7%(11/12),1例肾动脉开口部以下腹主动脉闭塞患者,溶栓过程中因急性肾功能衰竭死亡.溶栓时间为24～240 h,尿激酶总量为100～1000万U.11例中,闭塞血管完全开通(残存狭窄率<30%)5例,部分性开通(残存狭窄率>30%)6例,溶栓过程中出现下肢疼痛5例,穿刺点渗血3例,牙龈出血1例.溶栓成功后,对残存狭窄率>30%的6 例患者,3例行经皮球囊血管成形术(PTA) 治疗,3例行PTA及腔内支架治疗.11例术后1个月内疼痛消失或明显减轻,2个月内溃疡全部愈合,2例行坏疽足趾截肢术. 结论 持续小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗DF安全、有效,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

Q-开关红宝石激光治疗雀斑疗效观察

目的 观察Q-开关红宝石激光治疗面部雀斑的疗效.方法 采用Q-开关红宝石激光治疗雀斑患者206例,半年至1年随访.根据患者肤色、皮损的大小、颜色、部位、局部组织反应,调整激光治疗参数.参数范围:光斑直径3.5～5.0 mm,能量密度3.6～8.0 J/cm2,频率1 Hz.结果 一次治疗痊愈170例,二次治愈36例,一次治愈率82.5%,总治愈率100.0%.无一例发生色素脱失和瘢痕.结论 Q-开关红宝石激光治疗亚洲人皮肤雀斑有效且安全.